高二上unit8-10词组(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

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【简介】感谢网友“已于物”参与投稿，以下是小编帮大家整理的高二上unit8-10词组(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)（共12篇），欢迎大家收藏分享。

篇1：高二上unit8-10词组(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

1. 拯救地球 save the earth

2. 地球面临的最大问题是什么？

What is the biggest problem facing the earth?

3. 一个有价值的资源 a valuable resource

4. 造成严重的污染 cause serious pollution

5. 讨论该问题 discuss the issue

6. 烧煤 burn the coal

7. 用一个比较好的方式 in a better way

8. 做笔记 take notes of…

9. 得出结论 draw a conclusion

10. 支持/反对 be for/ against

11. 交换意见 share ideas

12. 取得进步 make much progress

13. 主题 main theme

14. 可持续发展 sustainable development

15. 谈论 speak about/ of

16. 在不破坏环境的情况

without damaging the environment

17. 出席国际会议

attend the international conference

18. 做了一个很重要的演讲

make a very important speech

19. 根据世卫组织的意思

according to the World Health Organization

20. 愿意做某事 be willing to do

21. 参加活动 take part in

22. 自由利用 have free access to

23. 与。。。和谐 in harmony with

24. 结束死亡和苦难

put an end to the death and suffering

25. 擦干净 wipe out

26. 对。。。有影响 have an effect on

27. 劝说某人做某事 advise sb to do

28. 尽所能去做某事 do whatever one can to do

29. 在农村地区 in rural areas

30. 采取行动 take action

31. 采取措施 take measures to do

32. 有大的成效/有所不同 make a difference

33. 空调 air conditioner

34. 改变现状 improve the situation

35. 对。。。有更好的了解

have a better understanding of

36. 对。。。掌握；熟悉 have a good knowledge of

37. 找到解决办法 find solution to the problem

38. 教育是未来的关键

Education is the key to the future

39. 上学 attend school

40. 对学习满意 be content/satisfied with

41. 偶然 by chance

42. 充分利用时间 make full use of time

43. 以。。。的速度 at a speed of

44. 防御 defend oneself against/from

45. 因。。。表扬。。。 praise sb for sth

46. 强调保护水资源的重要性

stress the importance of protecting

the water resources

47. 对。。。负责 be responsible for

48. 刚。。。就。。。 hardly/ barely/ scarcely… when

no sooner…than

49. 照顾；护理 attend to

50. 与某人有共同的信仰/信念

share one’s belief/faith

51. 一个备用轮胎 a spare tire

52. 在空闲时间 in the spare time

53. 递给我一个婚礼请柬

hand me a wedding invitation

54. 加强；增强 build up

55. 消息传开 Word got around.

56. 一位著名的教育专家

a well-known educational expert

57. 有意义；行得通；有道理 make sense

58. 在危险中 at risk/ in danger

59. 与其说。。。不如说 more… than…(分开)

60. 不仅仅 more than （不分开）

61. 面对激烈的竞争 face fierce competition

62. 受益于 benefit from

63. 店员 a shop assistant

64. 受到压力 under pressure

65. 带某人参观 show sb around sp

66. 展览 on show

67. 名胜古迹

a place of interest/ places of interest

68. 过得高兴 have a wonderful time

69. 为你的观点辩护 defend your argument

70. 插嘴 cut in / break in

71. 插队 jump the queue

72. 令我惊讶的是 to my surprise

73. 收到某人的来信 hear from sb

74. 找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发 find out

75. 别无选择只能 have no alternative but to do

篇2：高二上（unit 1-10）教案集(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

Unit 1 Making a difference

Teaching Goals:

1. Talk about science and Scientists

2. Learn more about the Infinitive

3. Practise describing people and debating

Teaching Time: 6 periods

The First Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the following words:

Inspiration, perspiration, undertake, analysis, obvious, within, quote

2.Talk about science and scientists.

3.Listen to the description of some scientists.

4.Do some speaking, describing people and debating.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Train the students’ listening ability by listening practice.

2.Train the students’ speaking ability by talking about science and scientists, describing people and debating.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to improve the students’ listening ability.

2.How to help students finish the task of speaking.

Teaching Methods:

1.Warming up to arouse the students’ interest in science.

2.Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through the listening material.

3.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:1.a multimedia 2.a tape recorder 3.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Warming up

1.T: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. Now look at the pictures on page 1, tell me what are these scientists famous for?

(Bb) Scientists Contributions

Maria Curie Radium /Polonium

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity

…

2.T: Well done. I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist? Have a discussion in pairs or groups of four. Then report the results of your discussion.

(It is the way he uses his tools that makes a successful scientist.

A successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard-working.

Asuccessful scientist must be confident, curious and careful. But what I like to know is what made him/her interested in science…)

T: Now look at the quotes on page 1.do you know what they mean? And do you agree?

天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。

想象力比知识更重要。

生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。

分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。

你不可能把一切教给一个人，你只能帮助他在他自己的认知范围内去发现和了解事物。

T: Do you know any other quotes about science and thinking?

Wisdom is only found in truth. -- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Knowledge is power. –Francis Bacon.

Step II Listening

T: OK. Now lets do some listening practice on P2. We are going to listen to the descriptions of some famous scientists. Read the requirements by yourselves quickly. Listen to the tape for the first time to get a general idea, and then try to finish the exx.

Step III Speaking

T: Now let’s look at the speaking part on P2. Work in groups of five. Each group member represents a branch of science, eg biology, maths, chemistry, physics, computer science. You are going to debate each other to see which branch of science is the most important and useful for society. First you should decide who will represent each branch and then prepare your role card to debate. You can use the expressions.

Step IV Language points (computer)

1．It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious．

分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。

(1)undertake(undertook，undertaken)

vt．承担(工作，责任等)，承办+名词

例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．

他欣然承担那项困难的工作。

1 will undertake the responsibility for you．

我会为你负起责任。

vt.着手，进行，企图+名词

例：He undertook a new experiment．

他着手一项新的实验。

(2)analysis复数形式andyses．analyse vt．

A chemical analysis化学分析

We made a careful analysis of the problem．

我们仔细分析了那个问题。

(3)obvious adj. (more obvious，most obvious)

明显的，明白的，显而易见的

obviously adv．

例：He told her an obvious lie．

他对她扯了一个明显的谎言。

It is obvious that…．…是显然的。

例：It is quite obvious that he didn't do it himself．

显然他没有亲自去做。

It seemed obvious that he suffered from a bad cold．

显然他得了重感冒。

2．There is no doubt that．毫无疑问．．

例：There is no doubt that our team will win．

我队获胜是毫无疑问的。

I don't doubt that we will win the game．(否定句用that)

我不怀疑我们将会赢得这场比赛。

Do you doubt that he has passed the final examination ? (疑问句用that)

你怀疑他已通过期末考试了吗?

I doubt whether he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用whether)

我怀疑他是否是担任那项工作的最适当人选。

Homework

Preview the reading material.

Review the words and expressions in this period.

Step V The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The First Period

Scientists Contributions

Madame Curie Radium/Polonium

Edison The light bulb

Einstein The Theory of Relativity

…

Record after teaching:

The Second &Third Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the useful words and phrases.

2.Train the students’ reading ability.

3.Let the students learn from Stephen Hawking.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Master the following phrases and sentence pattern:

work on, go by, be engaged to, go on with sth, dream of, turn out

There is no point (in) doing sth.

2.Enable the students to understand the text better.

3.Improve the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to make the students understand the reading text better.

2.How to make the students understand the following sentence.

There didn’t seem much point in working on the PhD.

Teaching Methods:

1.Scanning the text to get some information about Hawking.

2.Careful reading to answer some detailed questions.

3.Discussion after reading the passage to make the students learn how to use the scientific method to solve the problem.

4.Individural, pair or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:1.a computer 2.a tape recorder 3.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Lead-in and Pre-reading

T: Yesterday we learnt some quotes from some scientists. Now look at the picture on the screen. Do you know who the person is?

( Stephen Hawking, one of the greatest physicists of our time, A Brief History of Time )Today we are going to learn a passage about Stephen Hawking. It will tell us Hawking’s determination, thoughts and some theories. First let’s learn some new words and phrases. Then turn to P3. Look at the questions in Pre-reading quickly and then scan the text as quickly as possible and find the answers to them.

Answers:1 Because he wanted a job.

2 Hawking became famous in the early 1970s, when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes.

3 In , Hawking visited China and spoke to university students in Hangzhou and Beijing.

Step II Reading

T: Well done. Now read the passage once as carefully as possible. Then answer some detailed questions on the screen. You may discuss them in pairs if necessary.

What did Stephen Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease?

1. How would most people feel when they were told that they had incurable disease?

2. What did Hawking write in 1988?

3. What did Hawking explain in the book ?

4. According to Hawking, how do people misunderstand science?

5. What are the basic steps of the scientific method?

6. What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer?

Step III language points

There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD-I didn't expec to survive that long

取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。

PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“博士学位”

There is no point in doing sth．表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。

例：There is no point in arguing further．

继续争执下去没有意义了。

There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．

抗议没有什么用处，于事无补。

that在此处为副词，意为“那么”，可以修饰形容词。this也有此用法。

例：I didn't expect he was that rude．

我没料到他会那么粗鲁。

I have never been out this late before．

我从未在外面呆到这么晚过。

Please cut my hair about this much．

请把我的头发剪掉这么长。

4．Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse．

但两年过去了，我的情况却没那么糟糕。

Go by意思是“(时间)过去”。

例：Time went by so quickly．We are already at the end of our summer holiday．

时间过得真快，转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。

Thirty years went by and her hair was beginning to turn gray．

三十年过去了，她的头发开始变白了。

5．In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jan Wilde．

事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利。我和一位非常好的女孩简怀尔得订婚了。

get／be engaged to sb．“与某人订婚”

例：Did you hear they have got engaged last month?

你有没有听说他们上个月订婚的消息?

Tom got engaged to Mary，whom he had met on the train．

汤姆和玛丽订婚了，他们在火车上认识的。

Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．从事(工作)的，忙于……的

例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．

她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。

Right now I’m engaged．

我现在正忙着。

be engaged (电话等)通话中的，占线中的，相当于美国英语的busy．

例：The line／number is engaged。线路被占用。

engagement n．订婚(to)

例：announce one's engagement to…宣布与…订婚

break off one's engagement解除婚约，解约

engagement ring订婚戒指(戴在左手无名指上)

6．Scientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong．

霍金写到，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论，也可能是错误的。

Turn out to be“结果是”“最后的情况是”+副／+形／+to do／+that．．

例：The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．

天气预报说今天下午有雨，其实今天天气非常好。

The lecture turned out to be very dull．

讲座结果很无聊。

Everything turned out well．一切顺遂。

The rumor turned out (to be) true．那谣言后来证明是真的。

It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed

后来证实(查明)有两位旅客丧生。

turn out vi. (为集会等)外出，去。

turn out vt.．(可分开用) 关 (熄灭) (煤气，电灯油灯等)

turn out vt. (可分开用 ) 生产 (产品)，出产

例：The factory can turn out l000cars a day．

这家工厂一天能生产1000辆汽车。

7．Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference．

每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。

only修饰介词短语或从句时，要求倒装。

例：Only at that time did I realize its importance．

直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。

Only in this way can you make progress in your English study．

只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。

Only when you finish your homework can you go out to play football．

只有当你完成作业你才能出去踢球。

only修饰主语时，通常置于主语之前。

例：Only you understand me．只有你了解我。

only修饰主语以外时，通常置于动词之前(有be动词、助动词时，则置于其后)

例：She only eats vegetables．她只吃蔬菜。

I only lent you the money．那笔钱我只是借给你(不是给你)。

He only works when he's got homework．

他只在有家庭作业时才做功课。

I've only seen him once．

我只见过他一次。

8．Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world．

想象一下这种情况：你二十一岁是世界最有名大学里的一个有希望的毕业生。

imagine+名词

例：Can you imagine life with out electricity?

你能想像没有电的生活吗?

The gir1 tried to imagine the gentleman as her father．

这女孩试着把这位绅土想像成自己的父亲。

imagine+doing想像做”

例：I didn't imagine becoming a writer in my childhood．

在孩提时代，我并未想像成为一名作家。

imagine+名(人)+doing想像(某人)做…

例：I can't imagine her marrying him．

我无法想像她和他结婚。

imagine+(that)…／wh-想像…；想…，推测 (不可用进行时)

例：Imagine you are a bird．

想像你是一只鸟。

Can you imagine how much 1 was surprised to see it ?

你能想像我看见它后感到多么惊讶吗?

Iimagine (that) I have met you somewhere before．

我想以前曾在哪里见过你。

Can you imagine what he is doing?

你能猜测他在做什么吗?

(Just) imagine (it) ! 想想看!

Imagination (名) imaginative (形)

promising (形) 有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的

例：a promising actress有前途的女演员

9．Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe．

从那时起，霍金就继续寻求关于宇宙特征的问题的答案。

seek+(for after)+名词搜寻，寻找；寻求，探求；追求

例：They sought shelter from the rain．

他们找寻避雨的地方。

He found it worthless to seek fame．

他发现追求名声是不值得的。

We must seek (for) a solution to the problem

我们必须寻求解决问题的方法。

seek+名征求，请求，

He sought his doctor's advice．

他向医生请教(征求医生的意见)。

Step IV Listening and Consolidation

T: Now I’ll play the tape. You can follow it in a low voice. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation. Then do exx in Post-reading.

Homework

T: Learn the words and phrases by heart and try to use them freely and correctly. Read the text fluently and recite some important sentences.

The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Second Period

Useful expressions:

work on +n./pron. /doing,

go by: pass,

be/get engaged (to sb.): be bound by a promise to marry,

go on with sth: continue with sth,

dream of: imagine,

turn out: prove(to be),

Sentence pattern:

There is no point (in) doing sth.=There is no good reason for doing sth.

Record after teaching:

The Fourth Period

Teaching Aims:

Review the words learnt in the last two periods.

Learn how to explain the words in English.

Learn and master the usages of the Infinitive.

Teaching Important Points:

Master the usages of the Infinitive.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students learn to explain words in English.

2.How to help the students master the usages of the Infinitive.

Teaching Methods:

1.Review method to help the students remember what they have learnt beore.

2.Explanation and inductive methods to make the students master the usages of the Infinitive.

3.Individual work or pair work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Revision

Have a dictation of some words and expressions..

Step II Word Study

T: Now let’s do an ex to see how to explain some words in English, according to the meanings of the sentences. Please turn to P5. Let’s do the ex in Word Study. Choose the closest meaning to the underlined word in each sentence. First we’ll learn a new phrase: use up. Do it by yourself and you can discuss in pairs.

Step III Grammar（详解见后）

Bb:1. He hoped to visit China again .

2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .

3. Please give the boy sth to play with .

4. He went home to see his sick mother .

5. Her wish is to become a pop singer .

T: Tell me the function of the underlined part in each sentence.

S: No.1 is used as the object.

S: No.2 is used as the subject. It is more usual to use formal subject “it” and the infinitive phrase is usually placed at the end of the sentence, that is “it is…to do sth.”.

S: No.3 is used as the attribute.

S: No.4 is used as the adverbial for purpose.

S: No.5 is used as the predicative.

T: Now let’s do an ex on the screen. Group the infinitives according to how they are used.

1.Some things need (1) to be believed (2) to be seen .

2.The doctor told him that he may not have more than twelve months (3) to live .

3.(4) In order to get married ,I needed a job, and (5) in order to get a job , I needed a PhD.

4.Readers were pleased and surprised (6) to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand .

5.He traveled around the world (7) to give lectures .

6.What does it mean (8) to be a scientist?

7.People who listen to Hawking’s lectures sometimes find it difficult (9) to understand him .

8.(10) To explain what they have seen , they build a theory about how things happen and the causes and effects.

S: Subject:(8)

Attribute(2)(3)

Object(1)(9)

Adverbial(4)(5)(6)(7)(10)

Step IV Practice

T: Now let’s do some exercises on P6, Ex2 and Ex3.Rewrite the sentences with “to be done” or “to have been done”.

He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.

-He wanted the patient to be taken care of.

Because “the patient” is the logical object of “take care of”, the passive infinitive should be used in the second sentence.

The car was reported to have been stolen.

But when the action expressed by the Infinitive happens before the predicate, the perfect infinitive should be used.

Homework

TFinish all the exx in Grammar. Preview the content in Integrating skills.

The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Third Period

Phrase: use up

Grammar: the Infinitive

1. He hoped to visit China again .

2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .

3. Please give the boy sth to play with .

4. He went home to see his sick mother .

5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.

6. He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.

7. He wanted the patient to be taken care of.

Record after teaching:

The Fifth Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Revise the language points and grammar-the Infinitive.

2.Learn and master the following phrases:

take a look at, what if, the other way around

3.Do some reading and writing practice to improve the students’ integrating skills.

4.Learn how to write a descriptive paragraph.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Improve the students’ integrating skills.

2.Help the students write a descriptive paragraph.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students understand the passage better.

2.How to help the students learn to write a descriptive paragraph.

Teaching Methods:

1.Doing exx to revise what we’ve learnt before.

2.Asking-and-answering activity to go through the reading material.

3.Discussion to help the students understand the passage better.

4.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work.

Teaching Aids:1.a computer 2.a tape recorder 3.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Revision

T: We know that the infinitive can be used as the subject, object, adverbial and so on. Now let’s do some exx to see if you have mastered them well enough. Look at the screen.

1.(1)To learn about the universe , you need (2)to have a telescope (3)to observe the stars with .

2.It takes time (4)to know a man .

3.Please remember (5)to bring me a book.

4.I’ve got a lot of work (6)to do .

5.(7)In order to catch the first bus ,she got up early.

6.It is important for us (8)to learn English .

Subject:(4)(8)

Object:(2)(5)

Attribute:(3)(6)

Adverbial:(1)(7)

T: Let’s do another ex. Fill in the blanks, using the Infinitive.

1.The goal of Stephen Hawking’s research is to and to is his biggest dream.

2.The doctor thought he only had three more years to , which turned out .

3.We took a taxi to .We hurried there, only to . We were unhappy to .

4.He studied hard to .

5.Lunch is ready. Let’s stop to .

T: Now let’s revise the useful expressions. Do an ex to see whether you have mastered them well.

1.He one day becoming a famous violinist.

2.Tom Ann.

3.Two weeks slowly .

4.His suggestion to be a good one.

5.He his ink.

6.If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can it tomorrow.

7.He a novel.

Step II Reading

T: There were many scientists in the world in the past, whose discoveries and inventions can help us understand the world better. Can you say out the names of some scientists and their discoveries?

……

T: Do you know why and how they made these important discoveries or inventions? The passage tells us what makes the scientists made their discoveries. Turn to P7. Read the passage quickly and then answer some questions on the screen.

1.What’s the characteristic of Galileo Galilei?

2.Why could Stephen Hawking make contributions to science work?

3.What can be described as the ability to use knowledge?

4.What’s the most important thing if we want to make a difference?

5.How can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference?

T: I’ll explain some expressions and sentence structures.

1. take a look at

2. what if

3. the other way round

4. …it was only later that the world recognized his greatness.

5. …only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.

Step III Listening and Discussion

T: Listen to the tape twice. Then discuss the questions in pairs or groups.

1. Of all the characteristics mentioned in the passage, which do you think is the most important? Why?

2. What do great scientists like Stephen Hawking , Galileo Galilei and Zhang Heng have in common? Find out more about them and how they work and think: What is the scientific spirit? How do scientists solve problems? How do scientists make a difference? What can we learn from great scientists?

Use the questions below to get started.

What is the scientific spirit?

How do scientists solve problems?

How do scientists make a difference?

What can we learn from great scientists?

Step IV Writing

T: Who is your favourite scientists? Write a paragraph. Before writing, think about what you want to write and what the readers need to know. How can you best describe him or her? What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist? Why do you like him or her? List an outline of the passage. Then write some useful sentences to help them.

Step V Homework

Go over all the important points learnt in this unit and finish your writing.

Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Fifth Period

A good scientists must be curious and careful .

Great scientists use their creativity and imagination to come up with new ideas.

Scientists must also be intelligent and patient .

The experiment proved that her theory was correct.

Other scientists were surprised by her discovery and called it a success .

She used a model to solve the problem .

Record after teaching:

Unit 2 News media （新闻媒体）

Teaching Goals:

1. Talk about news and the media

2. Practise expressing opinions

3. Learn about the Past Participle (1): used as Attribute and Predicative

Teaching Time: 7 periods

Period 1 Warming up & Listening

Teaching Aims:

1. Talk about news and the media

2.Train the students' listening ability by listening and answering some relative questions.

3. master the following words: reliable, elct, go up, burn down, injure…

Teaching Important Points:

1. Master the useful words and expressions in this period

2. Training the Ss’listening and speaking ability

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to help Ss understand the listening material exactly

How to help improve their speaking ability

Teaching Methods:

Listening-and answering activity to help the Ss qo through the listening material

Individual, pair or group work to make the Ss finish the speaking task

Teaching Aids:a computer, a recorder, the Bb

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1: Greet and Lead-in

Greet the whole class.

Lead in the new unit by asking:the Olympic Games are going on, how can we know the details of the games? For example, how many golden medals have we got? (By reading newspapers and magazines,watching TV, listening to the radio, also by a website.) In Nglish we call it news media.

Step 2: Warming up

Please open the book at page 9. Look at the pictures and discuss the following questions in pairs:

1. Which of the news media above is the most reliable? Why?

2. How are the media above different from each other?

3. How do you know whether what you hear, see and read is true?

4. Do you know how a newspaper is made?

(Background information:

新闻媒介的基本类型和特点各是什么？

六种主要的大众传媒：口语、书籍、报纸、广播、电视、互联网。

1.报纸。便于保存和检索；新闻性较强；读者可以反复阅读，认真思考。但是，它受读者文化程度的限制，发行需要一定的时间。

2.新闻杂志，是以传播和解释国内外重大新闻为主要内容的一种杂志，由于出版周期不同，分为周刊、半月刊和月刊等。周刊因为比较符合人们的工作节奏和生活习性，时效性较半月刊和月刊强，所以在世界新闻杂志中占据绝大多数，我国也一样。相对于报纸等其他新闻媒介而言，新闻杂志表现新闻的方式更多的是提供新闻的背景资料（有时提供背景材料比新闻事件本身更重要），并且以此说明新闻的发生对现在以及将来的影响。也就是说，它不是像其他新闻媒介那样着重报道动态新闻，而是对新闻事件进行有纵深、有广度、有背景、有分析、有评论的深层报道。从事新闻杂志工作的业内人士也常说：新闻杂志与报纸相比的一个优势是“后发制人”，这种后发制人意味着它的大量的报道必须具有深刻性或者深入性，如同当各种媒介以它们各自的特点关注着露出海面的冰山一角时，新闻杂志则把目光更多地投入到了海面以下那巨大的山体。

3.广播。比报纸具有感染力；不受文化程度限制；传播迅速。但是，其保留性差；无法对文字进行深度开掘。

4.电视。有感染力和说服力；不受文化程度限制；传播迅速。但是，其保留性差。

5.网络“第四大众传媒”

公认的大众传媒主要包括报纸、广播、杂志、书籍和电影等六大媒介。随着数字化技术的发展，电脑硬件的更新换代，互联网技术迅速普及和网站的大量建立，互联网正成为一种新的媒体广泛进入人们的生活。如今，国际上已把互联网纳入六大媒介中，并将其称为继报纸、广播、电视之后的“第四大众传媒”。这说明，人们已经认同了互联网的作用，能够同报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒介一样，广泛地传递新闻信息。

依托于互联网进行的新闻传播活动，具备了其许多的优势，这主要表现在：

（1）．包容了传统传播媒介的所有信息形式，整合了文字、声音、图象等多种传播的方式，实现了真正意义上的“多媒体”。

（2）．传播质量得以提升，受干扰程度降低，接收效果的物质实体有了保证。

（3）．能够以不同的方式和手段，灵活的报道同一事件，不致使人产生疲劳感和厌烦。

此外，就网络新闻本身而言，除了具备了网络所共有的优势之外，它还具有时效性强、容量大、速度快、超地域、超链接、可检索等特点，这些都猛烈的冲击着传统的新闻出版方式乃至整个新闻出版产业。)

Step 2: Listening(SB page 10)

T: Now let’s come to the listening. We are going to listen to two parts of conversations.The first part is an interview; the second part is a dialogue. Listen carefully to what is said in each part. I’ll play the tape twice. (after listening) Please work in pairs to talk about the questions in Exercises 2, 3,4.

(Check the answer with the whole class)

Step 3 Key Words

1. Which of the news media above is the most reliable? 以上的新闻媒体中哪一种最可靠？

reliable adj. 可信赖的; 可依靠的；确定的

They are reliable friends. 他们是可信赖的朋友。

Is the source of the information reliable? 那个消息的来源可靠吗？

[链接] reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地 reliability n. 可靠性；可信赖性

2. The man was fired. 那个人被解雇了。

fire的动词用法

(1) 解雇，开除

The company fired him for not coming to work on time. 那个公司因他不按时上班解雇了他。

(2) 发射

He fired his gun at the big snake. 他开枪打那条大蛇。

(3) 激发（人、感情等），使充满热情

The story fired his imagination. 这个故事激发了他的想象力。

3. The man faced difficulties.

(1) face v.t. 面临（困难等），应付，面对；（危险、困难等）迫近

e.g. We must face our trouble and bear it. 我们必须正视我们的困难并勇于承受。

[短语]

be faced with 面临，面对

face up to面对；承担

face the music接受（不愉快的后果或情况）

e.g. I was faced with a new problem.

She couldn’t face up to the fact that she was no longer young.

她无法面对自己不再年轻的现实。

The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the music.

那个男孩被发现考试作弊，不得不接受惩罚。

(2) difficulty表示“难，困难”时用作不可数名词，表示“难题，难事”时用作可数名词。

e.g. She learned to speak English without difficulty. 她毫无困难地学会了讲英语。

We will face many difficulties in the future. 将来我们要面临许多难题。

4. The man was generous.

generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；宽容的；豁达的；丰富的，丰盛的

e.g. He is generous with his money. 他出手大方。

He gave me a generous lunch. 他请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。

[链接] generous adv. 慷慨地 generosity n. 慷慨大方

The design of the writing on the Bb:

Unit 2 New Media

Five news media: website, radio, Tv, magazine, newspaper

Useful words and expressions: (step 3)

Homework:

1. Read the new words.

2. Keep the Language Points in mind.

3. Get reading for Speaking

Record after teaching:

Period 2 Listening(WB page 88) & Speaking(SB page 10)

Teaching Aims:

1. Train the students’ listening ability.

2. Train the students’ speaking ability.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Master the useful words and expressions in this period

2. Training the Ss’listening and speaking ability

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to help improve their listening ability

How to help improve their speaking ability

Teaching Methods:

Listening-and answering activity to help the Ss qo through the listening material

Group work to make the Ss finish the speaking task

Teaching Aids: a computer, a recorder, the Bb

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Greet the whole class.

Step 2 Listening(WB page 88)

Now let’s come to the listening. The chief editor of a daily newspaper is having a meeting with the journalists. She is telling them what she wants them to do today. Listen carefully to what is said in the text. I’ll play the tape twice. (Check the answer with the whole class)

Step 3 Speaking(SB page 10)

Now it’s time for us to be a editor of a newspaper. Here is a list of ten things that happened today( on the screen)You only need to report five of them. Work in groups to diacuss. And then I’ll ask you t act out your dialogue. You can use the useful expressions in your book.. (walk around and give them help if necessary).

Step 4 Key Words and Expressions:

1. Below is a list of ten things that happened today. 以下列出了今天发生的十件事。

本句为倒装句，正常语序应为：A list of ten things that happened today is below.

below看作副词，表示方位，当表示方位的状语或表语位于句首时，句子采用全部倒装的结构，即把谓语动词的所有组成部分都移到主语之前。这类作状语或表语的词常见的有：away, down, in, off, out, over, up, above, below, here, there及介词短语与分词。

Here is a seat for you.这儿有你的一个座位。

There goes the bell!铃响了。

Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的名字。

2. France elected a new president.

elect v.t. 选举，推选

e.g. They elected a president. / They elected him as President. 他们选举了总统。/ 他们选举他为总统。

注意：若选举某人担任某职位，且该职位只有一个时，通常不用冠词。

e.g. Our classmates elected him as/to be/our/as our monitor.

They elected the old man to be chairman of the club.他们推选那位老人为俱乐部主席。

[辨析] elect, pick out, choose

elect是指通过正式手续的选举。

e.g. Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the U.S.A.罗斯福四次当选为美国总统。

choose通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择。

e.g. We had to choose between leaving early and paying for a taxi.我们不得不在早点动身和雇计程车中间作出选择。

There are ten to choose from.

pick out比较通俗，指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选，多用于有行的东西。

e.g. She picked out a scarf to wear with the dress.她挑选了一条围巾以配上她穿的衣服。

3. Food prices are going up. 食品价格在上涨。

go up上升，增长，提高

e.g. The temperature has gone up.

The lift went up to the fourth floor. 电梯升到了四楼。

4. A house in your city burnt down. Nobody was injured.你们镇上一座房子被烧毁。无人员伤亡。

(1) burn down 烧毁；使烧毁【强调破坏性】；（由于燃料烧尽）火力减弱

These houses were burnt down to the ground. 这些房子被烧毁。

The fire is burning down, get some more coal please.

[比较] burn up烧尽，烧光【强调动作的结果】；（火，炉等）烧起来，旺起来

e.g. Put some wood on the fire and make it burn up.

(2) injure v.t. 使受伤；损害，伤害（感情）

e.g. The boy injured his leg.

In the accident his back was seriously injured.

I hope I didn’t injure her feeling.

[辨析] injure, wound, hurt, harm的区别：

injure伤害，损害（感情），损害（名誉）。普通用词，常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害。多指事故中人或物的损伤，包括容貌、生理、身体等。

e.g. In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured.在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。

He was so injured in his pride that he stayed at home all day without meeting anyone.他的自尊受到了如此的伤害以至于他成天待在家里，不见外人。

wound使受伤，伤害，损害，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害，像刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等。多指战场上受伤，还可以指精神上的创伤。

e.g. The soldier was badly wounded in the head.这个士兵头部受了重伤。

The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的胳膊。

hurt伤害（感情）。普通用词，没有injure正式，常用于口语。多用于有生命的东西，常指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词，表“疼痛”。

e.g. Luckily no one was seriously hurt in the car accident.

The girl fell off her bike, and one of her legs hurt.

harm常用于口语，表示肉体或精神上的伤害均可以，有时可引起不安，不便。

e.g. There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.

Getting up early won’t harm you! 早起对你没有害处。

Homework:

1. Read the new words.

2. Keep the language points above in mind

3. Get ready for reading.

The design of the writing on the Bb:

Unit 2 news media

Key words and expressions(step4)

Record after teaching:

Period 3-4 Pre-reading/Reading/Post-reading

Teaching Aims:

1. Train the students' reading ability,especially the skills of summarizing and scanning.

2. Study and have a good grasp of some key words and phrases.

Teaching Important Points:

1. words and phrases:more than, relate to, for once, be addicated to, on all sides, inform, experienced, switch,etc.

2. Understand the passage excatly.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to help the Ss learn more about reporters and newspapers.

Teaching Methods:

1.Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.

2.Careful reading to further understand the text.

3.Individual, pair or group work to make every student take an active part in the activities in class.

Teaching Aids: a computer, a recorder, the Bb

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Greet the whole class as usual.

Step 2 Reading

We have talked a lot about news media. Today we are going to read a passage about reporters and newspapers. Scan the text , try to get the general idea of the text. and finish pre-reading.(1 and 6)

Now please read the text again carefully, and find the answers to the questions on the screen.

1.Do newspapers and other media simply record what happens?

2.Who were asked to be interviewed? And why?

3. Whom does a reporter have to discuss with before he/she decides what to write? Why?

4. And what is the person’s job?

5. Is interviewing someone easy? What must a reporter know?

6. When an interview is finished,what should the reporter do?

7. Which of the articles that they have written do they like best? Why?

8. What could they write about if they could write any article? Why?

9. What is the basic task for a reporter?

10.What result can TV programmes and printed articles bring to us?

(check the answers)

Step 3 Language Points:

1. Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.报纸和其他媒介并不仅仅记录已发生的事情。

(1) 该句中的do是助动词，起强调作用，用以加强说话者的语气。

e.g. Do remember to remind me to return the book I borrowed from you.

(2) more than不仅仅；极为，非常；多于；难以；不能

e.g. She’s more than a teacher to us.

The boy more than smiled but laughed. 这男孩不仅是微笑，而是放声大笑了。

We are more than pleased with the results. 我们对结果极为满意。

He has more than 300 pictures.

This room is three time larger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大两倍。

The old man is two times older than I am. 这个老人的年龄比我大一倍。

That is more than I can tell. 那是怎么回事我实在难说。

2. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them.经验丰富的编辑和记者对于该报道什么事件以及如何报道作出明智的决定。

(1) 句中的experienced(富有经验的)和informed(见识广的，有知识的) 都是动词的过去分词作定词，修饰动词。单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前面。

e.g. a fallen tree一棵倒下的树 a broken chair一把破椅子 stolen cultural relics被盗的文物

(2) informed adj. 明智的，有知识的，了解情况的

e.g. He is a well-informed man.他是个消息灵通的人。

inform的用法:

inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-…告知某人 inform sb.＋疑问词＋不定式

e.g. The singer informed us of their arrival.歌手们把他们到来的消息告诉了我们。

The nurse informed me that visiting hours were over.护士告诉我探病时间已经结束了。

Who informed you when to start? 是谁告诉你们出发时间的？

3. They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories.他们还要确保报道的内容与读者的生活密切相关。

relate v.i. & v.t （和～）相关；涉及；把～与～关联起来

e.g. It is difficult to relate the two cases. 很难把两个案子联系起来。

We should learn to relate the results to the causes.我们应该学会把结果与原因联系起来看问题。

Light industry is closely related to the people’s life.轻工业与人们的生活有密切的关系。

4. The two reporters agreed to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than the interviewers in order to let us know about their work and how the news we read in made.两位记者同意交换角色，作一次受访者而不是采访者，让我们了解他们的工作，了解我们读到的新闻是怎样制作和编写出来的。

(1) switch v. 转换，改变

e.g. He is always switching jobs. 他总变换工作。

He switched the recorder to the “off” position.他将录音机拧到“关”的位置。

(2) for once 就这（那）一次

e.g. For once they broke the rule.这一次，他们违规了。

For once our manager came late. 我们的经理这次来晚了。

He beat me for once.他只有一次赢了我。

(2) rather than的特点是连接前后两个平行结构，即要求前后成分要一致。

e.g. He decided to write to rather than (to) phone.他决定写信而不打电话了。

I’d like to go there in autumn rather than in summer.我愿意秋天去那里而不愿意夏天去。

He was engaging in writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper.他正忙着写信而不是看报纸。

5. After the interview, the reporter must present the material in an organized way and make sure that the article reflects events and opinions truthfully.采访后，记者一定要提交出组织严密的材料，并确保文章的真实反映事实和舆论。

(1) present vt.呈现；描述；介绍；赠送

e.g. When will you present your report?你什么时候提出报告？

The government presented cars to the hospitals. 政府向医院赠送了一些车。

Allow me to present Mr. Brown to you. 请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。

(3) reflect vt. 反映；表现；反射；映出

e.g. This letter is sure to reflect our real opinion.这封信会反映出我们的真实意见。

Her face was reflected in the mirror.她的脸映现在镜子里。

Mirrors reflect light.镜子能反射光线。

6. My favourite article is the one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.我最喜欢的文章是我写的一篇关于如何努力把被盗的文物带回中国。

(1) 本句中的one是代词，用来指代article。one常用来代替前文提到的一种可数的事物。

e.g. I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one?

指代可数名词复数用ones。

e.g. On the desk there is a red pencil and two black ones.

(2)effort n. [U,C]努力；艰难的尝试；努力的结果

e.g. He did it without effort.他毫不费力地完成那件事

[短语] make an effort努力，尽力 spare no effort不遗余力

7. I want to write about people you seldom read about, for example people who have AIDS or who are addicted to drugs.我想报道那些你们很少能了解的人，如艾滋病患者或者是染上毒瘾的人。

(1) seldom adv. 很少；不常；难得

[扩展] 表示否定意义的状语位于句首时，句子通常采用倒装句。

e.g. Seldom does he quarrel with others.

Never did I dream of seeing him in America.

Never before have so many people come to see him.

Not a single word did she say.

(2)be / get / become addicted to sth. / doing sth.对~成瘾/成癖

e.g. It doesn’t take long to become addicted to these drugs.服用这些毒品不要多长时间就会上瘾。

It’s a pity that her child has got addicted to smoking.真可怜，她的孩子抽烟上瘾了。

Some children are addicted to computer games / TV.(喻)一些孩子玩电脑游戏/看电视上了瘾。

He is addicted to practicing Chinese Gongfu.他醉心于练习中国功夫。

8. We shouldn’t ignore what happens even if it is difficult for people to accept some stories.即使人们对一些现象很难接受，我们也不应该无视眼前发生的事情。

(1) ignore v.t. 不理睬；忽视

e.g. You shouldn’t ignore your father’s advice.你不该无视父亲的忠告。

I tried to tell her but she ignored me.我打算告诉她，可是她不理睬我。

(2) even if / even though即使，尽管

e.g. The young man didn’t lose heart even if he had failed many times in finding a job.这个年轻人没有放弃，尽管他多次未能找到工作。

9. The media can often help solve problems and draw attentions to situations where help is needed.媒介常可帮助解决难题，使人们关注需要得到帮助的情况。

draw attention to关注某事 draw / attract one’s attention引起某人的注意

e.g. This article will draw attention to farmers and agriculture.这篇文章奖让人关注农民和农业问题。

The fallen leaves drew /attracted the worker’s attention.这些落叶引起了那个工人的注意。

He drew my attention to a mistake in my homework.他要我注意作业中的一处错误。

10. The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated.结果会使人们更好地了解世界地各个方面，给人们带来一个人人受到尊重，不同观念得到包容地未来世界。

(1) on all sides(=on every side) 在各方面，四面八方

e.g. They were trapped with enemies on all sides.他们四面楚歌。

The enemy were attacking on all sides.敌人从四面八方发起进攻。

(4) tolerate v.t. 容忍，忍受，允许

e.g. I can’t tolerate that loud music / that kind of behavior.我无法忍受那么响的音乐/那种行径。

Cheating on exams cant’ be tolerated. 考试作弊是不能容忍的。

11. I would not believe it, but I might check other sources and maybe change my mind.

change one’s mind改变主意

e.g. Since getting to know him better, I have changed my mind about him.更深入地了解以后，我改变了我对他地看法。

[相关短语] bear / keep in mind 记住 call/bring to mind 使人想起 out of one’s mind 精神错乱，发狂 never mind 不要紧，没关系 have sth. in mind 记得某事，想起某事

12.Famous people are often asked for their opinions on current affairs.名人经常接受采访、被问及对时事地看法

current affairs 当前的事件；时事

affairs复数形式表示“重要事件，事务”（常用复数形式，且一般不与定冠词连用）

e.g. The minister deals with important affairs of State.这位大臣处理重要的国务。

current adj. 此刻的，现时的，当前的

e.g. current fashions时装 current events时事

Step 4 Discussion

Now you must have known about reporters and newspapers better. So let’s have a discussion. Look at the questios3 and 4 on page12, and work in pairs to talk about them..Then I’ll ask some of you to report. (encourage Ss to express their own opinion)

Homework:

1. Read the text.

2. Try to remember what have been taught above.

3. Work Book p89-90

The design of the writing on the Bb:

Unit 2 New Media

Language points (step3)

Record after teaching:

Period 5 Language Study & Grammar

Teaching Aims:

1. Review the words learned in Reading.

2. Grammar Study: The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative

Teaching Important Points:

How to guess the missing verbs and use them correctly according to the given sentences.

Help Ss master the Past Participle as Attribute and Predicative.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to use the Past Participle correctly.

Teaching Methods:

Practising to finish each task in Word Study and Grammar.

Teaching Aids: a computer, a recorder, the Bb

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Greet the whole class as usual.

Step 2 check homework

Step 3 word study do exercise 1 on page 13

Step 4Grammar语法详释(computer)

The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词在句中可承担形容词和副词在句中的作用，充当定语和表语。

1．过去分词作定语

(1) 在句中的位置

单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。

a broken heart一颗破碎的心 a lost dog丧家之犬 a risen sun已升起的太阳

an organized trip有组织的旅行 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯

a trip organized by the league由共青团组织的旅行

a glass broken by the boy被这个男孩打破的玻璃杯

The excited people rushed out of the building.

They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.

(2) 所表示的时间

过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作或者在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或者没有一定的时间性。

The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.他很快就能收到昨天寄出的信了。

Have you read the books written by the young writer？你读过那位年轻作家写的小说吗？

(3) 语法功能

过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

The stolen bike belongs to Jack.被偷的自行车是杰克的。

The bike which had been stolen belongs to Jack.

The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.张教授所做的报告是关于环境保护的。

The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.

2. 过去分词作表语

(1) 过去分词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。

The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。

She looked disappointed.她看上去挺失望。

He seemed quite delighted at the good news.听到这个好消息，他似乎很开心。

(2) 常见作表语的过去分词有：upset, disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried等。

(3) 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。

Everything is settled down.一切都解决了。

Thank heavens! The boy is saved.谢天谢地，孩子得救了。

The town is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座小镇三面环山。

Do exercises 1, 2, 3 on page 14

Step 5 Language Points:

1. Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.

nine out of ten(=nine in ten)十之八九，百分之九十

e.g. Nine out of ten people will not agree with you.

也可以说

Four out of the ten children there can go to school.在那里十个孩子中只有四个可以上学。

2. And I like the way the fans look up to them.

look up to尊敬，敬仰（反义：look down on轻视，看不起）

e.g. The young should look up to the old.年轻人应该尊敬老人。

3. Americans will fall in love with this game too.

fall in love with爱上（表示动作，不延续）

e.g. I fell in love with her at first sight.我对她一见钟情。

She fell in love with the house as soon as she saw it.

[比较] be in love (with) 相爱，喜欢（表示延续状态）

e.g. If you’re really in love with art, you don’t mind hard work.

Homework:

Try to remember what have been taught above.

Do exercises 4, 5 on page 13, and exercises 1, 2, 3 on page 91

The design of the writing on the Bb:

Unit 2 New Media

Language points (step 5)

Record after teaching:

Period 6 Integrating Skills

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following : arm, disappoint, etc

2.Train the students' integrating skills.

3. Learn about the five basic elements in a news report

Teaching Important Points:

Train the students' integrating skills.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to inprove the students' integrating skills.

Teaching Methods:

Asking-and-answering activity to check Ss’understanding of the two reports.

Teaching Aids: the Bb

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Greet the whole class as usual.

Step 2 check homework

Step 3 Reading and speaking

Now please read the two reports on page 15 carefully and compare them. Then discuss the questions in part 1 and part 2.(give SS enough time to do it, and let them express their ideas freely.)

Five basic elements in a news report: when, where, who, what and why.

Step 4 Language Points:

1. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory…

brave and strong是形容词作状语，形容词或形容词短语作状语，通常说明主语行为的原因、方式、伴随状况等。

e.g. Cold and hungry, he decided to stop and have a rest. （表原因）又冷又饿，他决定停下来休息一会儿。

Ripe, the oranges taste sweet.（表方式）这些橘子熟了，味道甜美。

2. The peaceful meeting ended when the company sent out a group of angry men armed with sticks to fight with the citizens.

arm v.t. 武装，用武器装备

e.g. The robber was armed.那个强盗有武器。

The soldiers were armed to teeth.士兵们武装到牙齿

3. I’m sure they won’t feel disappointed.

disappoint v.t. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointed adj. 失望的

e.g. The book disappointed me.这本书令我失望。

The news was really disappointing.那个消息真令人感到失望。

Are you very disappointed about losing the game?你是不是因为比赛输了而感到很失望?

Homework:

Try to remember what have been taughtin this period.

Review this unit.

The design of the writing on the Bb:

Unit 2 New Media

Language points (step4)

Record after teaching:

Unit 3 Art and architecture

Period 1：Warming up & Listening

Teaching Aims:

1 Improve the students’ listening ability.

2.Improve the students’ speaking ability.

3.Learn and master some useful words and expressions.

Important and difficult points:

1. How to help students to improve their listening ability.

2. How to help students to learn to express preferences.

Teaching Methods:

1. Discussion

2. Individual or pair work

Step 1. Greetings and warming-up

Greet the students as usual.

Ask the Ss to talk about their hometown and their houses.

Qs: where are you from, a city or a small town?

Can you describe the buildings in your hometown?

What kind of buildings do you live in, a traditional house or an apartment?

Show students two pictures, a tall building and a traditional yard

T: what can you see in the two pictures?

What is the difference between them?

(When the Ss describe the pictures, remind the students to think about the differences in the two pictures. The students may have different opinions. Encourage them to think out reasons as many as possible. They may have a discussion.)

篇3：高二上unit 10语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

I. Listening & Speaking

1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat?

Reduce 1)vt.(数量；力量等)减小；缩小；降低价格 She reduced her weight by 5 kg.

2)使成为（多用于被动语态，且与to连用） The house was reduced to ashes.

He was reduced to begging.

2. scare/frighten sb. 使某人害怕 be scared/ frightened/ afraid of sb./ sth. 害怕某人/某物

a scared/ frightened face/ look/ eyes充满恐惧的脸/神色/眼神（此人感到害怕）

a scaring/ frightening face/look/ eyes吓人的脸/神色/眼神（令别人害怕）

be scared/ frightened to death吓得要死

拓展 terrifying/terrified (可怕的/感到害怕的) exciting/excited （令人激动的/激动的）

surprising/surprised（令人吃惊的/吃惊的） moving/moved （使人感动的/感动的）

touching/touched （使人感动的/感动的） puzzling/puzzled （使人迷惑的/迷惑的）

3. It makes my hair stand on end.

stand on end直立，竖着 on end 1)直立；竖直地

It will fit if you lift it on end.如果把它竖着就合适了

2）连续的；继续的

He sat there for hours on end. It has been snowing on end for a week.

II. Reading

1. attract/ draw sb’s attention 引起某人的注意

attract/ draw sb’s attention to将某人的注意力吸引到…上去

pay attention to/ give one’s attention to注意… call sb’s attention to叫某人注意…

bring sth. to sb’s attention使某人注意…

2 sight 1)景象，景物, 场景, 景观 a beautiful sight美丽的景象 a sad sight悲惨的场景

2) 风景，名胜（人工造的景色, 常用复数） see the sights游览名胜see the sights of the West Lake.观赏西湖风景

3)视觉，视力 lose one's sight 失明 have long/far sight远视 have short/near sight近视

have good/poor sight视力好/差 have one’s sight tested视力检查

4) 看，观望；观览at first sight 一见就..., 初次看见时at the sight of一看见…就... catch /have/ gain/ get sight of突然瞥见

5) 视野，眼界 be in sight可看得见的，在视线内out of sight看不见的，在视线之外 be/ go /get out of sight看不见了lose sight of 看不见...了

scene 1）自然景色，风景The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.

2）眼前的情景，景象（包括人及活动在内）The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的场景十分可怕。

There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.孩子们在花园里玩耍，好一派欢乐的景象。

3）现场，出事地点a crowd at the scene of the accident在出事地点的人群

4）场所，地点What's new on the film scene?电影院演什么新片？

5）（戏剧）场景，布景

view 1）常指从某处可以看到的自然景色 It's a room with a view. You'll like it. There is a lovely view from this window

2）a point of view观点

scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。不可数。

I hope one day I will have a long holiday and go to a far-away village to enjoy the beautiful scenery.

3. awake vt.(awoke,awaked) 唤起,叫醒；提醒,启发；激起,激发 awake sb.'s sympathy唤起某人的同情心

adj. [用作表语,补语] 醒着的;意识到 be broad /wide awake完全醒着;完全知道, 充分觉察到 (be sound asleep酣睡)

awake to 明白, 认识或意识到

It took her some to awake to the dangers of her situation.过了一段时间她才意识到她处境的危险

4 at hand在手边；在跟前 Help was at hand. 援助近在咫尺

keep sth. at hand把某物放在手边 have sth. at hand手头上有某物

give sb. a hand with sth.在某方面帮某人 be made by hand手工制作的

5。There was no way out except by boat.

way out（克服困难的）办法，出路

find a way out找到出路 help sb. out （of）帮助某人摆脱（…）麻烦

6.escape 常见搭配：escape doing , a narrow escape

7. urge sb. to do sth.= urge sb. into doing sth =urge that sb. (should) do sth. 极力劝/主张/催促/怂恿某人做某事

①他们怂恿我吃那些奇怪的食物。 They urged me to eat the strange food.

②他力劝我们忍耐是必要的。 He urged us on the necessity of patience.

③他主张我向她道歉。 He urged that I (should ) apologize to her.

8. on/ upon arrival一到就

on/ upon one’s arrival at/ in sp= on/ upon arriving at/ in sp 某人一到某地就

on/ upon doing sth.在做某事时，当某事发生时，一做某事就

immediately 立即，马上（at once）

When she heard the good news she came immediately. 一听到好消息，她立刻就来了。

“一……就….”表达法： immediately/ instantly… the moment, instant, minute, second… hardly/scarcely (no sooner)…when (than)…

Immediately he returned from the USA, he began to prepare for a company. 他一从美国回来就开始准备开公司

III. Integrating skills

1. knock about/ around（口语）漫游；闲逛

knock against / on sth 撞，碰；knock into; knock out of;

2. be up发生；出事 What's up怎么了, 发生什么啦? What's up to sb.?某人怎么了, 发生什么啦?

be up to1）胜任, 适于 be up to one’s work胜任某人的工作

2）从事于，忙于，做（坏事）What in the world are you up to?你到底在搞什么鬼？

3）It’s up to sb. to do sth.该由/轮到某人做某事，做某事取决于某人

The success of this project is up to us.这个项目的成败取决于我们

4）（数目）到…之多 up to 100 men可达一百人

up to直到 up to now/ then知道现在/那时

3. do for sb./ sth. “破坏, 使…失败.”

1) The spelling mistake in the exam did for him.

2) The factory will be done for it if capital can’t arrive in fifteen days.

若资金不能在十五天内到位，工厂就完了。

do for “ 设法弄到” 常用于how , what 开头的疑问句中.

eg. How did you do for food when you were in the desert?

Unit 10 Frightening nature

I. Listening & Speaking

1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat?

Reduce 1)vt._______________ She reduced her weight by 5 kg.

2)使成为（多用于被动语态，且与to连用）

The house was reduced to ashes. He was reduced to begging.

2. scare/frighten sb. 使某人害怕 be scared/ frightened/ afraid of sb./ sth. 害怕某人/某物

a scared/ frightened face/ look/ eyes_______________

a scaring/ frightening face/look/ eyes_______________

be scared/ frightened to death_______________

拓展 terrifying/terrified (_______________) exciting/excited （_______________）

surprising/surprised（_______________） moving/moved （_______________）

touching/touched （_______________） puzzling/puzzled （_______________）

exercise:

(1.)__the big snake, the girl stood under the tree___.

A. Seeing ;frightened B. Seeing ; frightening C. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening

(2.)The movie was so___that I was___.

A. moving; moved B. moved; moved C. moved; moving D. moving; moving

3. It makes my hair stand on end. stand on end直立，竖着

on end 1) _______________ It will fit if you lift it on end.

2）_______________ He sat there for hours on end. It has been snowing on end for a week.

II. Reading

1. sight 1)景象，景物, 场景, 景观 a beautiful sight美丽的景象 a sad sight悲惨的场景

2) 风景，名胜（人工造的景色, 常用复数） see the sights_______________see the sights of the West Lake. _______________

3)视觉，视力 lose one's sight _________ have long/far sight_______ have short/near sight_______

4) 看，观望；观览at first sight _________at the sight of_________. catch /have/ gain/ get sight of_________

5) 视野，眼界 be in sight_________out of sight_________ be/ go /get out of sight_________lose sight of _________

scene 1）自然景色，风景The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.

2）眼前的情景，景象（包括人及活动在内）The scene after the earthquake was horrible.

There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.

3）现场，出事地点a crowd at the scene of the accident

4）场所，地点What's new on the film scene?

5）（戏剧）场景，布景

view 1）常指从某处可以看到的自然景色 It's a room with a view. You'll like it. There is a lovely view from this window

2）a point of view观点

scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。不可数。

I hope one day I will have a long holiday and go to a far-away village to enjoy the beautiful scenery.

2. awake vt.(awoke, awaken) 唤起,叫醒；提醒,启发；激起,激发 awake sb.'s sympathy唤起某人的同情心

adj. [用作表语,补语] 醒着的;意识到 be broad /wide awake_________ (be sound asleep酣睡)

awake to 明白, 认识或意识到

It took her some to awake to the dangers of her situation.

3 at hand_________________ Help was at hand. _________

keep sth. at hand_________ have sth. at hand_________give sb. a hand with sth. _________ be made by hand_________

4。There was no way out except by boat.

way out_________

find a way out找到出路 help sb. out （of）帮助某人摆脱（…）麻烦

5.escape 常见搭配：escape doing , a narrow escape

6. urge sb. to do sth.= urge sb. into doing sth =urge that sb. (should) do sth. 极力劝/主张/催促/怂恿某人做某事

They urged me to eat the strange food. He urged us on the necessity of patience.

He urged that I (should ) apologize to her.

7. on/ upon arrival_________

on/ upon one’s arrival at/ in sp= on/ upon arriving at/ in sp 某人一到某地就

on/ upon doing sth.在做某事时，当某事发生时，一做某事就

immediately 立即，马上（at once）

When she heard the good news she came immediately. 一听到好消息，她立刻就来了。

“一……就….”表达法：_________; _________; _________; _________

Immediately he returned from the USA, he began to prepare for a company. 他一从美国回来就开始准备开公司

III. Integrating skills

1. knock about/ around（口语）_________

knock against / on sth 撞，碰；knock into; knock out of;

4. be up_________ What's up怎么了, 发生什么啦? What's up to sb.?某人怎么了, 发生什么啦?

be up to1）_________ be up to one’s work胜任某人的工作

2）_________ What in the world are you up to?你到底在搞什么鬼？

3）It’s up to sb. to do sth. _________ The success of this project is up to us.

4）_________ up to 100 men

5) up to_________ up to now/ then_________

2. do for sb./ sth. “_________.”

1) The spelling mistake in the exam did for him.

2) The factory will be done for if capital can’t arrive in fifteen days.

do for “ 设法弄到” 常用于how , what 开头的疑问句中.

eg. How did you do for food when you were in the desert?

语法：省略句与高考

省略句在高考中的体现：

1. --- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?

--- ______. I love getting close to nature.(福建)

A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’t think so

2. --- Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer ?

--- _______? (2004 全国I 卷) A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come

3. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (2004天津高考)

A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything

4. Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (上海春季高考)

A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

5. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if____ whether he was going in the right direction. （20北京春季）

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

6. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (2002 年上海高考)

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

7. When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year. ( 上海春季高考)

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed

8. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science. ( 上海高考)

A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think is

9. If ________ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (上海高考)

A. giving B. give C. given D. being given

10.--- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday ?

---I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET）

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

Key:1-5. AABAD 6-10. CAACC

在英语中，为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，常用“省略句”，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。

一、在含有状语从句的复合句中

由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。

1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)

A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced

2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)

A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed

7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

二、在限定性定语从句中

作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。

9. -You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.

- ________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)

A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That

10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)

A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained

11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)

A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which

12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)

A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything

13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷) A. something B. anything C. all D. that

三、在感官动词或短语中

在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语” 结构中，不定式前省略to；有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号；不定式在tell，ask， advise， wish， permit， force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to；不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷)

A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed

15. -I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

-Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)

A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to

16. -Does your brother intend to study German?

-Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)

A. / B. to C. so D. that

17. -Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?

- ________ . (NMET 上海卷)

A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow

C. No, I won't D. That's right

18. -You should have thanked her before you left.

-I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 北京春招卷) A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to

四、在if引导的虚拟条件句中

在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。

19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)

A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not

五、在否定结构中

由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。

21. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷)

A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else

22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷) A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there

23. -I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

- ________ . (NMET 2004全国卷III)

A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I

Key:

1-5 BCDBA 6-10 AADCA 11-15 ABCBD 16-20 BBBBC 21-23 BCB

六. 不定式结构中的省略

在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时,不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略,只保留不定式符号to。常用于动词refuse, would like, would love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend以及形容词afraid, happy, glad, willing, ready等之后。

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答案: A

注意:如果承前省略的不定式内容有be或作助动词的have时,不定式符号to后要保留be或have。

-Are you a farmer? -No, but I used to be.

七。替代省略

用it, one, that替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子;用so, neither / nor引起的分句,表示前面的情况也适用于后者。

1. --- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ?

--- ______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏高考)

A. I hope notB. Yes, I have C. I hope soD. Yes, I’m afraid so

2. --- The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they ?

--- ________. (2003北京春)

A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guess soD. I guess not

3.--- I believe we’ve met somewhere before .

--- No, ________. (2000北京春)

A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be trueC. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not

Key:1.A 2.D 3.C

简析替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe , do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及 I’m afraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so 搭配，否定时hope与guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe , suppose 等词可有两种否定形式，即：I think not 或I don’t think so.

例 --- Is he going to study abroad?

--- I believe so. ( so = he is going to study abroad )

We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had.

A. it B. one C. himself D. another

-I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! -________.

A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I

答案:① B ② B

八。答语中的省略

1. 有时为了避免重复,可用so或that作替代语,替代前面所说的内容。可用于动词think, believe, hope, suppose, expect, guess, imagine以及be afraid, of course, certainly, perhaps等后面。

-You haven't lost the ticket, have you? -________. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.

A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I'm afraid so 答案: A

2. 含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省略回答,只保留情态动词;情态动词后有be或作助动词的have时,保留be或have。

-I don't mind telling you what I know. -You ________. I'm not asking you for it.

A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't 答案: D

3. 疑问句中的省略回答。

①-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.

-Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.

A. him B. he C. I D. me

②-What do you think made Mary so upset? -________ her bicycle.

A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 答案:① D ② C

4. 祈使句中的省略回答。

-Write to me when you get home. -________.

A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 答案: C

九。会话中的省略

例: 1.--- Guess what ! I came across an old friend at the party last night.

--- ______. I’m sure you had a wonderful time. (2004辽宁)

A. Sounds good! B. Very wellC. How nice !D. All right !

2.--- Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.

--- _____ Have you got the first prize in the competition? (2004重庆)

A. What for ? B. Thanks a lot .C. Yes, I’d like toD. Why not ?

3. ---Brad was Jane’s brother!

--- _____ he reminded me so much of Jane ! (2004浙江)

A. No doubtB. Above all C. No wonderD. Of course

4. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ____ it -- you’ve got some big bills coming. (2004广东高考)

A. forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forget

Key:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A

简析省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整, 做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：

1.It is … (that…) 强调句式中that 部分省略。2.(It is) No wonder … ( 难怪…)

3.(Is there) Anything else ?

4.(You’d) Better do

5.have some difficulty( in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing sth 等词组中介词在口语中常省略

例:1.--- Where did you see him last night?

--- It was in the hotel ____ he stayed.

A. where B. that C. which D. /

2. You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had _____ your house.

A. finding B. found C. to find D. find key1.A2.A

简析第1题可以补全强调句式that 部分： It was in the hotel where he stayed that I saw him last night. hotel 后为定语从句。

第2题是对have difficulty in doing sth 词组置于定语从句的考查，介词in 的省略加大了该题的难度。

篇4：高二上Unit 9 语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

1. You'll attend the meeting and discuss the issue. 你将出席这个会议并讨论这个问题。

1) attend用作及物动词，意为“出席；参加; 上(学, 教堂)；陪伴”，用作不及物动词，构成下列短语：

attend on/upon服侍, 照料; 陪, 随从; attend to倾听, 注意, 留心

attend a meeting /lecture/school 出席会议/听演讲/上学

May good luck attend you! 祝你幸运!

2) n. issue 1)论点, 问题, the issue of something …的问题

raise an issue 提出问题complex issue 复杂问题sensitive issue 敏感问题

2) 出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, issue of

the January issue of Newsweek the current/latest issue Have you seen the latest issue?

3) [transitive]官方的发布命令，警告等

Silva issued a statement denying all knowledge of the affair.

attend，join，join in，take part in用法辨析：

(1) attend是正式用语，一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼及去听课、听报告等。

(2) join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，还可表示参与某种活动。如：

(3) join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动。如：

(4) take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in可互换。如：

Will you take part in the English evening? 同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？

如：a. I will never forget the day when I _______ the Party.

b. Will you_______ us for dinner? 请你和我们一起吃饭好吗？

c. May I _________ the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？

d. I hope you'll all ________ the discussion. 我希望你们大家都参加讨论。

e. Would you ____ (和我一起去散步)?

f. We should ____ (积极参加) school activities.

g. She didn't come to the party because she had to ____ (出席一个会议).

a. joined b. join c. join in/ take part in d. take part in/ join in e. join me in a walk f take an active part in g attend a meeting )

2．Summarize v.概述, 总结 The authors summarize their views in the introduction.

3. content: 1). n. 内容，目录 (常作 ~ s ) ; 容量，容积

the contents of a book a table of contents Look up the contents at the beginning of the book.

a bucket of more than usual content

2). Adj. 满足的，满意的

be content to do sth be content with sth content oneself with sth

He is quite content to watch TV for hours. I’m very content with my life at present.

As there’s no butter we must content ourselves with dry bread.

4．representative cn. 1）代表

a union representative 协会代表 representative of …的代表 an elected representative of the people

2） typical of a particular group or thing 典型的；有代表性的

representative of The latest incident is representative of a wider trend

a representative collection of ancient Greek art 古希腊艺术代表作品集

5．have access to access用作名词，意为“通路；访问；接近；入门”，常与to连用。

1）have access to a car/a computer etc 有可供使用的车，电脑等

2） gain/get access (to something) t能够得以见到某人/某物或进入某地

The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window.

6．Violence 暴力

physical violence 身体暴力 domestic violence 家庭暴力 racial/ethnic violence 种族暴力 use/resort to violence 使用暴力

7．All too 意为“实在太… ” “太过… ” 后常接形容词或副词，主要用来表达遗憾之意。

Eg. It was all too early when we reached the top of the hill. The sun hasn’t risen yet.

Only too + adj./adv. 也含有此意。表示“极为”“非常”“遗憾地”

eg. I’d be only too pleased to help, but I’m busy now

8．Stress vt. 1)着重，强调也可说为lay/place/put stress on sth 2) 重读

The report stressed that student math skills need to improve.

Crawford stressed the need for more housing downtown.

She stressed the importance of a balanced diet.

The word 'machine' is stressed on the second syllable.

9．equality [uncountable] 同等，平等

equality of 。。。的平等，均等 All people have the right to equality of opportunity.

equality with 与…平等 Women have yet to achieve full equality with men in the workplace.

equality between 在… 之间的平等 equality between men and women

racial/sexual equality 种族/性别平等 The government must promote racial equality.

10．responsibility （plural responsibilities）1）un. 责任，责任感

Kelly's promotion means more money and more responsibility.

responsibility for (doing) something

The Minister will have responsibility for coordinating（调整）childcare policy.

with responsibility for something 具有，带有对… 的责任

a manager with responsibility for over 100 staff

it is somebody's responsibility to do something 做某事是某人的责任。

It's your responsibility to inform us of any changes.

take responsibility for (doing) something 负责某事

Who do you trust to take responsibility for Britain's defence?

Be careful you don't take on too much responsibility

claim responsibility (for something) 声称对… 负责

No one has yet claimed responsibility for yesterday's bombing.

11．take action 1) 采取行动 2）开始生效

The government must take action now to stop the rise in violent crime

They took action to stop him.

The police took action to deal with this thing immediately.

The medicine will not take action for several hours.

使用take 的其他短语

take notes: 作笔记，记录

Eg: Do you takes notes of the lectures?

He sat quietly in the corner taking notes carefully.

takes effect 开始起作用，见效，生效

The pill takes effect as soon as you swallow it.

take turns 轮流 take measures/steps 采取措施

take place 发生 take care 照顾

take medicine 吃药 take time从容进行 take cold感冒，受凉，伤风

take notice 注意 take sides 偏袒

12．willing to do something

How much are they willing to pay?

13. put an end to 结束，毁掉

Eg: Winning the competition put an end to his financial problems.

The discussion was put an end to by his sudden arrival.

The wind put an end to the pier.

Sth come to an end 结束了 make an end of终止, 结束, 除掉

bring sth to an end 结束, 完成, 终止

on end 1）直立，竖立 2）连续地 They argued for two hours on end

His hair stands on end.

14．harmony （plural harmonies）

in harmony with意为“与……和谐相处”、“与……协调”。如：

My cat and dog live in perfect harmony. 我的猫和狗相处得十分和睦。

We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.

我们必须确保旅游的发展与环境相协调。

be out of harmony with与。。。不相和谐

15. put an end to意为“结束”、“终结”。如：

How can we put an end to the fighting? 我们如何才能结束这场战斗呢？

16．wipe out phrasal verb 彻底的除掉，除去，抹去

Whole villages were wiped out by the floods.

Nothing could wipe out his bitter memories of the past.

2）wipe somebody out 使某人感觉非常的疲劳 The heat had wiped us out.

17．alternative 1） [only before noun]选择性的, 二中择一的

alternative ways/approach/methods etc alternative approaches to learning

Have you any alternative suggestions?

2）Alternative cn. 可供选择的办法，事物。常指在两者之间做出选择。 choice 常指一般意义上的选择

alternative to Is there a viable alternative to the present system?

have no alternative but 除...外别无选择; 只有; 只好

I had no alternative but to report him to the police.

18．defend vt./vi. 保护，防卫

a struggle to defend our homeland

defend something against/from something 使某物免受侵害

the need to defend democracy against fascism（法西斯主义）

defend yourself (against/from somebody/something) 是某人免受侵害

advice on how women can defend themselves from sex attackers

defend against 抵抗，防卫 We need to defend against military aggression.

2）vt. 辩护 She was always defending her husband in front of their daughter.

Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.

19．Affect vt. 1)影响 2）感动

the areas affected by the hurricane a disease that affects the central nervous system

decisions which affect our lives We were all deeply affected by her death.

20．advise somebody to do something 建议某人做某事 advise doing ;

Evans advised him to leave London.

You are strongly advised to take out medical insurance when visiting China.

advise somebody against (doing) something 建议某人不做某事

I'd advise you against saying anything to the press.

advise that 接虚拟语气

Experts advise that sunscreen be reapplied every one to two hours.

篇5：高二上unit 8语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

warming up

1.aid n (1)帮助；援助 first aid 急救

(2)帮助者；有帮助的事物

An English-Chinese Dictionary is an important aid in learning the English. 一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要工具。

习惯用语 do/ give/ offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救 go to sb’s aid援救某人

在某人的帮助下 with the aid of sb== with sb’s aid in aid of 支持，援助 raising fund in aid of the sick 募捐帮助病人 what's it all in aid of? 这是为了什么目的？

aid vt 帮助；援助 I aided him with money. 我资助了他。

help, assist, aid的区别

help, assist, aid这组动词同义词的相应名词分别为 help (helper)，assistance(assistant), aid, 它们都有“帮助”的意思。

（1）help和另外两个词的差别在于，help 含有比较强的“目的”意义。如果你失眠，服安眠药则有助于你入睡，这里包含着目的

A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.

片刻之前，我妹妹帮我把我的一只旧书橱抬上了楼。

May I help you to some more meat? 让我再给你一些肉好吗？

…but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.……

但是他光忙着捞金刚石，顾不上感到疼痛了。

（2）assist从词源学角度讲，是“站在旁边”的意思，它清楚地包含着这种帮助只起着次要的作用

He assisted the professor in compiling the dictionary. 他帮助那位教授编了那本词典。

The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

接待她的那个店员不喜欢她的打扮。

（3）aid含有接受帮助者因为弱小而需要帮助的意思。

The Red Cross often aids flood victims. 红十字会常常帮助受水灾的难民。

2.drown vt. , vi (1)把...淹死 (2)使湿透; 淹没; 浸湿 (3)消除(忧愁等); 解(闷) (4)使沉溺于; 使迷恋(in) (5)搀淡; 冲淡(饮料等); (加水)化开(生石灰); 往...里加太多的水

be [get] drowned淹死, 溺死; drown oneself投水(自杀); eyes drowned in tears泪汪汪的眼晴

drown one's cares in wine以酒解忧; be drowned in fishing对钓鱼入迷了

The cheers of the audience drowned the professor's voice. 听众的欢呼声淹没了这位教授的声音。

Don't drown my whisky. 不要在我的威士忌酒里加太多的水。

3.accident/ incident/ event

1). accident 指意外或偶然发生的事故，特别是不幸的，有损害性的事故。

e.g. He was killed in a traffic accident.

注：accident为可数名词，前面可加不定冠词an,表示“一个”“一次”，习惯用语by accident为“偶然”，相当于by chance.

e.g. I met her in the street by accident, yet she had a bad accident three days ago.

我在大街上偶尔碰见过她，然而三天前她却遭遇了一场严重的事故。

2). incident 泛指不重要的事件，还可以指政治上有影响的重大事件。

e.g. I remember an incident that took place in Mr. Li’s class.我记得发生在李先生课上的一件事。

The Lugouqiao Incident broke out in July 7th, 1937. 1937年7月7日爆发了卢沟桥事变。

3). event 指重要事件，特别是有历史意义的重大事件

How to develop the western part of China well is an important event.如何开发好中国的西部是一项重要的活动。

4.choke vi, vt choked, choking (1)使窒息；闷死；使不能呼吸

The smoke from the stove almost choked me.炉子里发出的烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。

The madman choked his own child to death.疯子把他自己的孩子掐死了。

(2)塞住；堵塞；阻塞 The pipe was choked by cotton. 管子被棉花堵住了。

(3)（常与back连用）抑制，忍住（怒气、眼泪等）

5.catch fire: begin to burn be on fire: be burning

e.g. The house caught fire last night. The house is on fire.

注：catch fire 强调着火的动作，为瞬间动词词组，不可和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，无被动形式；be on fire 表静态，作表语或定语，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

Ex: The forest caught fire last week. It is still on fire.

复习：1). set fire to sth./ set sth. on fire e.g. The robbers set fire to the bank after robbing.

2). play with fire 3). go through fire and water (for) 为…赴汤蹈火 4). be on fire for 对…充满热情

5). fire n. v. 着火，开枪，开除 (dismiss )

firework 烟火，烟火晚会 fireplace 火炉 fireman/fire fighter 消防员 fire escape 太平梯

6.container n. 容器 contain vt.包含，容纳 containment n. 包含

contain / include

e.g. The book contains 10 units. The book doesn’t include Unit 11.

Six were killed, including the boy. (连那小孩在内六人丧生。)

7.electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的 (of/ concerned with electricity)

electricity n.电流 electric adj. 发电的，使用电的（using electrical power） electronic adj. 电子的

I want to buy an electric fan. （可不讲） This machine has an electrical fault. 这台机器有电器故障。

Reading

1.upside n.上边，上部 downside right side left side

upside-down adj/adv 1). 上下翻转过来 e.g. hold a book upside-down 倒拿着书

2). <口>乱七八糟的，毫无条理的 e.g. He has an upside-down way of doing things. 他做事毫无条理。

Burglars had turned the house upside-down.. 窃贼把房子翻得乱七八糟。

2.as if/ though

1)引导的从句如果是事实过可能性大，多用陈述语气。常于look, seem, taste, smell, sound,ect.搭配

e.g. It looks as if it is going to rain. It seems as if the boy has lost his way.

2)从句如果是主观想象或夸大比喻，与事实不合，常用虚拟语气。

e.g. He looks as if he were ill.（其实没病） He walks as if he were drunk. 他走路的样子象喝醉了。

He is a happy-go-luck(无忧无虑的) man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.

The young man with long hair looks as if he were a woman.

3.witness n. (1)(=eyewitness)目击者; (在法庭上经过宣誓的)证人 (2)[主要用于give witness, bear witness]证据, 证明; 证词 (3)[常省略定冠词]【律】连署人, 证人

a witness of the accident 事件的目击者;

These facts are a witness to his carelessness.这些事实证明了他的粗心。

She gave witness on behalf of the accused person.她替被告作证。

Witness vt. (1)亲眼看见, 目睹 (2)连署, 签名作证 (3)表明, 显示 (4)证明 (5)经历

She witnessed the accident.她亲眼看见该事故。 They witnessed the will.他们在遗嘱上连署。

Her blush witnessed her agitation.她脸红表示了她的激动。

None could witness that he was present.没有人能证明他在场。

He has witnessed many battles.他经历过多次战争。

4. count （count for）重要，(count sb/sth as) 认为，看作，被视作

Every point in this game counts. 这场比赛每一场比赛都很重要。

The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him. 她已经道歉，但他认为这是没有用的。

For tax purposes that money counts / is counted as income. 那笔钱算作收入，需要纳税。

[vn] I count him among my closest friends. 我把他看作一个最亲密的朋友。

[vn-adj] I count myself lucky to have known him. 我觉得很幸运。

[vn-n] She counts herself one of the lucky ones. 她认为自己是一个幸运者。

5.keep in mind

keep/ bear/ have sth in mind: remember sth She doesn’t seem to keep the matter in mind.

相关短语： change one’s mind e.g. Nothing will make me change my mind.

make up one’s mind e.g. I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor.

keep in touch with e.g. I keep in touch with my friend by internet.

keep in with 和…保持友谊 e.g. She still keeps in with her former husband.

5.calm vt. 使镇定, 使平静 The mother calmed her child. 母亲使孩子安静下来。

Calm vi. 镇定下来,平静下来The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。

Calm adj平静的

The sea was calm after the storm. 经过这场风暴后，大海平静下来了。

After the storm it became calm again.暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。

The sea was calm at the beginning of our voyage.我们出海时,海上风平浪静。

He was calm when I told him the bad news. 当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。

n. the calm before the storm

同义词 calm ，silent， quiet， still 都含 “平静的”意思。

calm主要用于气候、海洋“ 风平浪静的”, 也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”, 如:

The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧兰, 海上风平浪静。

Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice. 虽然她害怕, 但还是用平静的声音回答。

quiet 指“没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少”或“全然无声”, 如:

He had a quiet life.他过着宁静的生活。

still 指“没声音的”、“没动静的”, 常与躺（lie）、坐(sit)、站(stand)、保持(keep/remain)等静态动词连用, 如: the still hours before dawn 黎明前的寂静时刻。

The students sat still, listening to the teacher. 学生们一动不动地坐着听老师讲课。

silent 主要用于人，指人不说话、不作声、沉默不语。

Do you know when to keep silent? 你知道何时保持沉默吗？

考题 1. We must be __________ before danger. (A)

A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent

2. The library permits________ talking. (B)

A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent

6.panic n. 恐慌, 惊慌; 经济上的大恐慌

be in a panic在惊慌中; be seized with a panic惊慌失措; get up a panic 引起惊慌

cause a panic 引起恐慌

vi. 惊慌, 害怕 (panicked, panicked) panic over sth. 对某事感到惊慌

The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns. 人们听到枪声感到惊慌。

7. respond vi. (respond to sb/sth with sth )(formal)

I asked his name, but he didn’t respond.我问他叫什么名字，他没回答。

She never responded to my letter. 她从来没给过我回信。

When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that the remained optimistic. 问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。

How did they respond to the news?他们对这则消息有什么反应？

The car responds very well to the controls. 这辆汽车操纵自如。

response n. She made no response. 她没有回答。

Her cries for help met with no/some/little… response. 她那求救的呼声没有激起任何/激起一些/没有激起什么…反映。

answer/ reply/ respond

answer 指以口头，书面或其他方式回答或反应

reply 正式用词，多表示经过考虑，一一答复所提的问题或论点

respond 正式用词，表示“回答”用得较少，多指对外界刺激迅速而自然地作出反应

8.conscious adj (1)有意识的；神志清醒的 (2)了解的；察觉的

consciously adv. consciousness n. 知觉

He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤，不过神志还清醒。

She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得他在这房间里。(be conscious of sth./ that…) 察觉的 I was conscious of her presence.我知道她在场。

unconscious adj (1)失去知觉的 After she hit her head she was unconscious for several minutes.

她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。

(2)无意的；不自觉的 I was unconscious of her presence.我不知道她在场。

9.on the way& in the way

in the way 障碍（阻止你到想去的地方的人或物）；on the way 在途中

e.g. Please don't stand in the kitchen door-you’re in the way. 你挡了我的路。

Let’s not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。

其他词组：by the way顺便提一下；on the (one’s) way to 去…的路上；in this (that) way这样（那样）；by way of 途径；in a (one) way在某种程度上

10.tip vt, vi -pp-

I tipped the bottle over and it broke. 我把瓶子弄翻了，瓶子摔破了。(常与over, up连用;打翻，使弄翻)

I tipped the table and the glasses fell off it. 我把桌子弄歪了，玻璃杯掉了下来。(使倾斜；弄歪)

(3)丢弃；倒掉 (4)（与into连用）把…倒入容器

tip n. 尖端，小部分，小物件 v. 给某物装上尖头，置于某物顶端

(have sth.) on the tip of one’s tongue

the tip of the iceberg 重要情况，重大问题等显露出的小部分

e.g. His name is on t he tip of my tongue, but I just can’t think of.

The legs of the table were tipped with rubber. 桌子腿装上了橡皮头。

Tip: 轻拍/打/敲; 给…小费; 可能成功; 事先给某人警告或暗示

She just tipped the ball over the net. He tip the driver 5 Yuan.

She’s been tipped for promotion. 有人认为她最可能得到提升。

Someone tipped off the police about the robbery.

tip n.小费; 有用的小建议;

He left a tip under his plate.

The teacher gives students some tips about how to study English.

11. slightly adv. 略微，稍微

a slightly different version 略有不同的说法。 We took a slightly more direct route. 我们选择了一条略近的路。

I knew her slightly. 我对她略知一二。 ‘Are you worried?’ ‘Only slightly.’ 你担心吗？稍微有点。

slight adj. 轻微的, 微小的, 少量的;纤细的, 瘦小的

slight difficulty 小困难; a slight possibility of success很小的成功可能性

a slight girl苗条的女孩; a slight difference微小的区别

12.circulate vi, vt -lated, -lating (1)使循环；环流

The blood circulates round the body. 血液在体内循环。

(2)散布；流传；扩散 Rumors circulated rapidly. 谣言迅速散布开来。

People who circulate false news are to be blamed.散布流言者该受遣责。

(3)随意地到处走动

The prince circulated from group to group at the party. 王子在宴会中穿梭于人群之间。

“The politician circulated at the dance party, talking to lots of people.” “那个政治家在跳舞晚会上到处走动,同许多人交谈。”

circulation n. 流传，传播（不可数）；发行额，销售量（可数）；血液循环（可数或不可数） e.g. have (a) good/ bad circulation

13.revive vt, vi revived, reviving (1)复活；复苏；再生

The fresh air soon revived him. 新鲜空气很快就使他苏醒过来了。

(2)再兴；再用 to revive an old custom 恢复旧习俗

Our hopes revived.我们又有希望了。

These flowers will revive in water.这些花在水中会再活。

14.recovery recover 恢复+ -y名词后缀 n -ies

(1) 收回；取回 (2)恢复；复原 (3)（经济）复苏

She made a quick recovery after her illness. 她病后恢复得很快。

15.roll over 不及物动词词组

e.g. The car was out of control and rolled over down to the river.

The years roll on.岁月流逝。 Roll the ball to me.把球滚给我。

其他词组：get…rolling…使…取得进展；keep the ball to rolling 使保持活跃；

roll in 大量涌来；start the ball rolling 使活跃起来

Grammar

1.sudden adj. suddenly adv.

They heard a sudden cry and wondered what was the matter. 他们听到突如其来的叫喊声，不知道出了什么事。

all of a sudden 突然，冷不防 sudden death 暴死

2.in honour of (= in sb’s /sth’s honor) adv.为纪念, 为庆祝

I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors. 我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。

in…of: in praise of赞美；in need of需要；in place of 代替；in case of 万一；in front of在…(内部)前面；in the front of在…(外部)前面；in favor of 支持

honor n (1)尊敬；敬重

(2)荣誉，名誉；信用 to win honor for one's motherland 为祖国争光

(3)被引以为荣的人物 He's an honor to his parents. 他的父母以他为荣。

(4)（对法官等的尊称）阁下，先生 Your Honor 阁下，先生

(5)（用于客套语中）荣幸

We request the honor of your company at dinner. 谨备便酌，敬请光临（请柬用语）

考题 1.Miss Smith thought it a great _______ to be invited to speak to all of us. (D)

A. pleasure B. success C. happiness D. honor

2.Washington, a state in the United States was named ________ one of the greatest American presidents. (C) A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of

Integrating skills

1.deal with

You dealt with that situation very cleverly. 你很巧妙地处理了那个艰难的局面。（处理，料理；attend to, manage sth.）

The next chapter deals with verbs.下一章讨论动词。（讨论,涉及到；take or have sth. as a subject, discuss sth.）

I hate dealing with large impersonal companies.我讨厌和那些没有人情味的大公司打交道。（与…打交道，与做生意；have social, business etc. relations with…）

另：deal with ab.: behave towards ab. 对付，对待

e.g. They try to deal politely with angry customers. 他们尽量对发怒的顾客彬彬有礼。

注：do with/ deal with/ get rid of

get rid of 表示“处理”，侧重“消灭”“摆脱或清除”；deal with和do with 侧重“处理”的手段，方法或方式。do后可接宾语，deal后不接宾语；do with常与what连用；deal with常与how连用。

e.g. If they are not coming, we can get rid of the tickets.如果他们不来了，我们可以把票处理掉。

How do you deal with matters of this sort？你是怎么处理这类事情的？

What did you do with the broken car? 你怎么处理那辆坏了的车的？

2.could have done

e.g. We could have helped that boy, even we were busy. 那天，即使我们很忙，我们本来也可以帮助那个男孩的。（本可以做，但事实没有做）

He could have told his girl friend the secret. But I’m not very sure. 他或许已经把这个秘密告诉他的女朋友了，不过我也并不确定。（或许已经做过，表示对过去某事的推测）

2). must have done 一定已经做过(表示对过去某事较有把握的推测)

e.g. They must have stayed up late night-all of them looks sleepy.

他们昨天晚上肯定熬得很晚了，他们看起来全都非常疲倦。

3). should have done/ ought to have done 本应该做(却没做，表达一种强烈的遗憾，责备之意)

e.g. They should have handed in their homework yesterday.

昨天他们本该把家庭作业交上去的。

4). needn’t have done 本不应该（但事实上已经做了）

e.g. You needn’t have copied the exercise book. I have one more and I can give it to you.

你其实不必抄那本练习册，我还有一本可以给你。

3.bite vt, vi bit, bitten, biting (1)咬 My monkey doesn't bite. 我的猴子不咬人。

The boy bit into the apple. 那个男孩子咬了一口苹果。

(2)咬成（某种状态）

The dog has bitten a hole in my trousers. 狗把我的裤子咬了一个洞。

(3)（虫）叮 The mosquitoes are biting me. 蚊子叮我。

(4)（鱼）咬饵 (5)抓紧；卡紧

The car's tires would not bite on the snow. 汽车轮胎在雪地里会打滑。

bite n (1)咬; (2)咬下的一块 (3)食物 (4)咬伤

She was covered in insect bites. 她浑身是虫子叮的伤。

This apple's good, do you want a bite? 这苹果很好，你想来一口吗？

He took a bite out of the pear.他咬了一口梨。

He hasn't had a bite (to eat) all day. 他整天都没吃东西。

The children haven't had a bite to eat all day.孩子们一整天什么也没吃过。

4.loose adj (1)没加束缚的；自由的 (2)散装的

“I bought these chocolates loose, not in a box.”“我买的这些巧克力是散装的,不是盒装的。”

(3)不坚固的，不牢的 (4)宽大的，肥大的（衣服） (5)疏松的

The ringleader of the gang had one hand loose but the other was tied to another robber's.

“匪首的一只手是松开的,但另一只手和另一个强盗的手捆缚在一起。”

(6)不精确的 (7)放荡的 a loose woman 一个放荡的女人

(8)无拘束的 a loose tongue 藏不住话的嘴（舌头）

(9)随便的；不严格的 a loose translation 不拘泥原文的翻译

Loose play lost them the match. 不经心的比赛使他们输了。

loose vt loosed, loosing (1)放松；释放

He loosened his collar of his overcoat.他解开了大衣领口。

(2)射（箭） (3)开，放（枪、炮） (4)使不受约束

Wine loosed his tongue. 酒后他说话随便起来。

5.see a doctor看医生see sb off 为某人送行see into调查,领会

see to sth处理某事 see to it that务必

6.call for需要,要求,邀请,去请

call on sb拜访某人 call at place去某地造访 call sb up给某人打电话

call in a doctor请医生=send for a doctor call on sb to do sth号召某人干call for sb to do sth请求某人干

call out for help大声呼救make a phone call打电话

7.in case of 如果；万一 In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。

in case以防；可能；倘若 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。

in the case of 就…而言

e.g. It’s the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of him, the story is true.

我们把这类故事视为神话，但就他来说，这故事却是真实的。

注：in case of/ in the case of + n./ pron. 不接从句

in case + 从句 He left early in case he should miss the train. In case of danger, you must be calm.

in any case无论如何, 总之; in good case健康, 生活富裕; in no case决不

in that case如果是那样的话; in the case of 就...来说, 关于; in this case假如这样的话

It /This/ That is not the case.情况不是这样; 并非事实。

Step Ⅱ Grammar

虚拟语气用法补充：

1. would rather 的虚拟用法：

Marry would rather (not) have a fresh-tasting toothpaste.

The mayor (市长) would rather have handled that press conference last week.

The kids would rather play outdoors than indoors.

The aged man would rather have participated in social service than amused himself by watching TV at home several years ago.

I’d rather you didn’t make any comment in the issue for the time being. (暂时)

e.g. David would rather that Jim had called at Chinese Economic and Trade Exhibitions yesterday.

2. would as soon, would sooner, would prefer 表“希望或婉转的责备”要求用虚拟语气，谓语动词为过去式表示现在或将来情况，谓语动词为过去完成时表示过去情况

I would just prefer you had returned the book to him yesterday.

3. otherwise, if only, suppose/ supposing 引导含蓄条件句表愿望，建议用虚拟语气

e.g. If only I knew how to operate the internet phone. 要是我知道怎么打网络电话就好了。

4. It is (high/ right/ about/ good) time + 从句用虚拟语气（是…的时候）

It’s high time you stopped idling about and started looking for a job. 闲逛

5. but for…（要不是…）& without … 用在句首，引导虚拟条件句，时态随句意改变

But for/ Without his uncle, the kid would have been drowned in the pool.

6. If it were not for… (要不是…) 与现在相反

If it were not for the fact that his father is on the board directors, he would never have a job.

If it had not been for your advice, I would have made a serious mistake.

7). but that + 从句（用虚拟语气）

e.g. I would go by steamer but that I’m a poor sailor. 要不是因为晕船，我就坐船去了。

8). as it is & as it were

as it is 用在句首“事实上，实际上，就目前的情况而言”

as it were 用在句尾“照现状，照原样”

Cao Yu is a sort of Chinese Shakespeare as it were.

Unit8 first aid

warming up

1.aid n (1)帮助；援助 first aid___________ (2)帮助者；有帮助的事物

An English-Chinese Dictionary is an important aid in learning the English.

习惯用语 do/ give/ offer first aid to sb.____ go to sb’s aid___ with the aid of sb== with sb’s aid_____

in aid of _____________ raising fund in aid of the sick what's it all in aid of? 这是为了什么目的？

aid vt 帮助；援助 I aided him with money. 我资助了他。

help,assist,aid的区别

（1）help和另外两个词的差别在于，help 含有比较强的“目的”意义。如果你失眠，服安眠药则有助于你入睡，这里包含着目的

A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.

May I help you to some more meat?…but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.……

（2）assist从词源学角度讲，是“站在旁边”的意思，它清楚地包含着这种帮助只起着次要的作用

He assisted the professor in compiling the dictionary.

The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

（3）aid含有接受帮助者因为弱小而需要帮助的意思。The Red Cross often aids flood victims.

2.drown vt. , vi (1)_________ (2)____________ (3)消除(忧愁等); 解(闷) (4)使沉溺于; 使迷恋(in) (5)搀淡; 冲淡(饮料等); (加水)化开(生石灰); 往...里加太多的水

be [get] drowned____________ drown oneself___________eyes drowned in tears__________

drown one's cares in wine_______________ be drowned in fishing____________-

The cheers of the audience drowned the professor's voice. Don't drown my whisky.

3.accident/ incident/ event 的区别

4. count （count for）______，(count sb/sth as) _____________

Every point in this game counts. The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him. For tax purposes that money counts / is counted as income. [vn] I count him among my closest friends. [vn-adj] I count myself lucky to have known him. [vn-n] She counts herself one of the lucky ones.

4.choke vi, vt choked, choking (1)_________________

The smoke from the stove almost choked me The madman choked his own child to death.

(2)_______________ The pipe was choked by cotton.

(3)（常与back连用）抑制，忍住（怒气、眼泪等）

5.catch fire: _______________ be on fire:__________________

The forest caught fire last week. It is still on fire.

复习：1). set fire to sth./ set sth. on fire _________________2). play with fire ____________

3). go through fire and water (for)_________________4). be on fire for ______________

5). fire v. 着火，开枪，开除 (dismiss )

firework 烟火，烟火晚会 fireplace 火炉 fireman/fire fighter 消防员 fire escape 太平梯

6.container n. 容器 contain vt.包含，容纳 containment n. 包含

contain / include The book ___________10 units. The book doesn’t ____________Unit 11.

Six were killed, ___________the boy. (连那小孩在内六人丧生。)

7.electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的 (of/ concerned with electricity)

_________ n.电流 __________adj. 发电的，使用电的（using electrical power）_________ adj. 电子的

Reading

1.upside n.上边，上部 upside-down adj/adv

1). ________hold a book upside-down 2). _______ He has an upside-down way of doing things.

Burglars had turned the house upside-down..

2.as if/ though 引导的从句什么时候用陈述语气，什么时候又用虚拟语气？

3.witness n. (1)(=eyewitness)______ (2)[主要用于give witness, bear witness]证据, 证明; 证词 (3)[常省略定冠词]【律】连署人, 证人

a witness of the accident These facts are a witness to his carelessness.

She gave witness on behalf of the accused person.

Witness vt. (1)______________ (2)连署, 签名作证 (3)表明, 显示 (4)证明 (5)经历

She witnessed the accident. They witnessed the will. Her blush witnessed her agitation.

None could witness that he was present. He has witnessed many battles.

4.keep in mind keep/ bear/ have sth in mind: remember sth She doesn’t seem to keep the matter in mind.

相关短语： change one’s mind ________make up one’s mind__________keep in touch with _________keep in with _________________

5.calm vt. _____________ The mother calmed her child.

Calm vi.___________The crying child soon calmed down.

Calm adj The sea was calm after the storm.。 After the storm it became calm again.

The sea was calm at the beginning of our voyage. He was calm when I told him the bad news.

n. e.g. the calm before the storm

同义词 calm ，silent， quiet， still 的区别

考题 1. We must be __________ before danger. A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent

2. The library permits________ talking. A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent

6.panic n. 恐慌, 惊慌; 经济上的大恐慌

be in a panic____________; be seized with a panic_______________; cause a panic __________

vi. 惊慌, 害怕 (panicked, panicked) panic over sth. ___________

The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.

7. (respond to sb/sth with sth )(formal) _____________

I asked his name, but he didn’t respond. She never responded to my letter.

When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that the remained optimistic.

How did they respond to the news? The car responds very well to the controls.

response n. ________ She made no response.

Her cries for help met with no/some/little… response.

answer/ reply/ respond 的区别

8.conscious adj (1)_______________(2)_________________

consciously adv. consciousness n. 知觉

He is hurt but still conscious.

She was not conscious of his presence in the room. (be conscious of sth./ that…)

I was conscious of her presence.

unconscious adj (1)__________ After she hit her head she was unconscious for several minutes.

(2)_____________ I was unconscious of her presence.

9.on the way& in the way

in the way, on the way 的含义分别是什么？

e.g. Please don't stand in the kitchen door-you’re in the way.

Let’s not stop too often on the way.

其他词组：by the way_____on the (one’s) way to _____；in this (that) way___by way of ____

in a (one) way__________

10.tip

I tipped the bottle over and it broke. (常与over, up连用;打翻，使弄翻)

I tipped the table and the glasses fell off it. (使倾斜；弄歪)

(3)丢弃；倒掉 (4)（与into连用）把…倒入容器

(have sth.) on the tip of one’s tongue

the tip of the iceberg 重要情况，重大问题等显露出的小部分

The legs of the table were tipped with rubber. She just tipped the ball over the net.

He tip the driver 5 Yuan. She’s been tipped for promotion. Someone tipped off the police about the robbery.

He left a tip under his plate. The teacher gives students some tips about how to study English.

11. adv. __________

a slightly different version We took a slightly more direct route. I knew her slightly.

‘Are you worried?’ ‘Only slightly.’

slight adj._______________ slight difficulty ________ a slight possibility of success_______

a slight girl___________; a slight difference________________

12.circulate vi, vt -lated, -lating (1)_________ The blood circulates round the body.

(2)_________________ Rumors circulated rapidly. People who circulate false news are to be blamed.

(3)____________ The prince circulated from group to group at the party.

“The politician circulated at the dance party, talking to lots of people.”

circulation n. 流传，传播（不可数）；发行额，销售量（可数）；血液循环（可数或不可数） e.g. have (a) good/ bad circulation

13.revive vt, vi revived, reviving (1)____________The fresh air soon revived him.

(2)__________ to revive an old custom Our hopes revived.These flowers will revive in water.

14.recovery recover 恢复+ -y名词后缀 n -ies

She made a quick recovery after her illness.

15.roll over 不及物动词词组

The car was out of control and rolled over down to the river.

The years roll on.岁月流逝。 Roll the ball to me.把球滚给我。

其他词组：get…rolling…_____keep the ball to rolling ____roll in _____start the ball rolling _____

Grammar

1.sudden adj. suddenly adv.

They heard a sudden cry and wondered what was the matter.

all of a sudden _____________

2.in honour of (= in sb’s /sth’s honor) _____________________

I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors.

in…of: in praise of____in need of_____in place of ____；in case of ____；in favor of ________

honor n (1)尊敬；敬重 (2)荣誉，名誉；信用 to win honor for one's motherland 为祖国争光

(3)被引以为荣的人物He's an honor to his parents.

(4)（对法官等的尊称）阁下，先生 Your Honor 阁下，先生 (5)（用于客套语中）荣幸

We request the honor of your company at dinner. 谨备便酌，敬请光临（请柬用语）

考题 1.Miss Smith thought it a great _______ to be invited to speak to all of us.

A. pleasure B. success C. happiness D. honor

2.Washington, a state in the United States was named ________ one of the greatest American presidents. A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of

Integrating skills

1.deal with 含义？与do with 区别是什么？

2.could have done，must have done, should/ought to have done, needn’t have done 的区别是什么？

3.bite vt, vi bit, bitten, biting (1)________ My monkey doesn't bite. The boy bit into the apple.

(2)_________________The dog has bitten a hole in my trousers.

(3)_______The mosquitoes are biting me.

(4)（鱼）咬饵 (5)抓紧；卡紧 The car's tires would not bite on the snow.

bite n She was covered in insect bites. This apple's good, do you want a bite?

He took a bite out of the pear. He hasn't had a bite (to eat) all day.

The children haven't had a bite to eat all day

5.see a doctor______see sb off __________see into ________see to sth________see to it that______

6.call for________call on sb___________ call at place_____________call sb up____________call in a doctor__________=_____________call on sb to do sth____________call for sb to do sth___________call out for help_____________make a phone call___________

7.in case of _______ In case of rain they can't go.

in case_____________ Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.

in the case of ________e.g. It’s the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of him, the story is true.

in any case________________ in good case_____________in no case__________

in that case_______________ in the case of_____________ in this case___________-

It /This/ That is not the case.___________________

篇6：高二上unit 4语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

Warming up

1.board n&vt.木板，甲板,膳食费用（blackboard黑板）；上船；坐船，搭乘（公共交通工具）；供膳宿（boarding school 寄宿）

aboard adv.&prep.在船上，在公共交通工具内

2．But whether buses or trains，or boarding aeroplanes，there wasn't a door she'd get through．(P.25)

译文：但无论是汽车还是火车，还是天上的飞机，都没有她能进的门。

“whether...or...”用来引导让步状语，意为“无论／不管……还……”，此外，还可说成：“no matter whether...or...”。or后可接not或与前面意义相反的词。另外有些省略了whether...or...结构，已经成为习语，如：sink or swim，rain or sunshine等。

Whether you go or not，I will go．不管你去还是不去，我都去。

I am going whether it is raining or not．无论下不下雨，我都要去。

Whether you like or not，you'll have to do it．

无论你喜欢还是不喜欢，你非做不可。

Whether or not it rains，I'm giving a party tomorrow?不管是否下雨，明天我都要举办一个晚会。

I'll go，whether you come with me or stay at home．无论你跟我来还是留在家里，我都要走。

Sink or swim，I shall do it．无论成败，我都要承担此事。

The football match will be held，rain or sunshine．足球赛定期举行，风雨无阻。

Reading

3.Poetry also calls up all the colours，feelings，experiences and curious images of a dream world．(P.27)诗歌还能汇集梦中世界的一切色彩，感情，经历和各种奇妙的意向。

call up ①ring up；telephone打电话 ②征召……入伍 ③(使)回想起；把召唤回来

I'll call you up this evening．=I'll telephone you this evening．=I'll ring you up this evening．=I'll give you a call this evening．今晚我给你打电话。

He was called up in ．他于入伍。

This song calls up memory of my childhood．=This song reminds me of my childhood．这首歌使我回想起我的童年。

call短语还有：call for(demand，need要求、需要；来找某人)，call out(呼喊)，call in(叫……进来；招来)，call on sb.／call at a place(短暂拜访……)，call back(回电话)。

4. Poems by Du Fu，Li Bai and Wang Wei among others stand out in the halls of Glory．(P.27) 杜甫、李白、王维以及其他诗人的诗歌兀立在荣光宝殿之上。

stand out[站立→鹤立鸡群]v.①突出；引人注目；②杰出；出色。同源词outstanding形容词，意为突出的，杰出的，显著的。

The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out．新路标易辨认，上面的字很醒目。

Among writers in China，LuXun stands out as a real master．在中国作家中，鲁迅最为杰出，是一位真正的大师。

an outstanding young musician一位优秀的年轻的音乐家

5. Modern English started around the time of Shakespeare，towards the end of the 16th century．(P.28) 现代英语诗歌开始于莎士比亚时代，即十六世纪末。

time名词，意为①时间②(常用复数)时代。此外还有“次、回、倍”等意思。

What time is it by your watch？你的表几点了？

Take the medicine three times a day．服此药一天三次。

The bag is 3 times the size of that one．这个包大小是那个包的三倍。

Mao Zedong's time(s)毛泽东时代

6．Shakespeare is most famous for his plays．(P.25)

译文：莎士比亚以他的戏剧最为著名。

[讲解]the most放在多音节形容词前，意为“最”，是最高级的表达形式。但most前不加the，意为：“非常”，等于“very”。

This is the most difficult book I've ever read．这是我读过的最难的一本书。

This is a most difficult book．这是一本很难的书。(This is a very difficult book．)

7. His sonnets，however，belong to the best English poetry．(P.28)

然而他的十四行诗是英国诗歌中的至尊瑰宝。

belong to意为“属于,不用于被动语态-to be a member of...；to be connected with...”

The book belongs to me．=I own／have／possess the book．这本书是我的。

That lid belongs to the jar．那个盖子是配这个坛子的。

What party do you belong to？你属于哪个团体？

8。Chinese readers admire their works because of their use of surprising images that reminds them of the works of poets such as Su Dongpo．(P.28)

中国读者赞美他们，是因为他们作品中所用的令人惊奇的想像使他们想到像苏东坡那样的诗人的作品。

admire动词“钦佩、赞美、羡慕”-to think of or look at...with pleasure and respect”。

He is always looking in the mirror，admiring himself．他常常对着镜子自我欣赏。

They admired our garden．他们称赞我们的花园。

I admired him for his success in business．我佩服他事业有成。

9. Once published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line．(P.28) 发行后，他的诗作因为行尾不押韵而大获其名。

absent形容词①[表语]缺席、不在②[定语]心不在焉的

be absent from + 地点表示“不在某地” be absent in + 地点表示“外出去某地”

be absent from the meeting“缺席”

be absent in...当主语是无生命的名词时，意为“没有……”

an absent look on his face心不在焉的表情

He is absent in Europe．他现在外出在欧洲。

He is absent from Europe．他现在外出不在欧洲。

He is absent from the meeting．他开会缺席了。

He was absent from his work．他擅离职守。

Snow is absent in some countries．有些国家终年无雪。

absence名词，意为“不在、缺席”。

His absence from school is worrying．他一再缺课真令人担心。

It happened during his absence．事情发生在他不在时。

In the absence of the manager，I shall be in charge．经理不在时，由我负责。

The visitors to Venice notice at once the absence of noise．

去威尼斯的游客马上会发现那里没有噪音。

10. Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson．(P.28)

Greatly loved in China，are the English Romantic poets．(P.28)

不是因为诗，而是因为其他杰作让人不能忘怀的还有的18世纪的蒲伯和约翰逊等。

英国浪漫主义诗人深受中国人的喜爱。

在英语中，有时为了强调句子某个成分而进行倒装，有的把谓语动词提前，有的把过去分词提前，有的把现在分词提前。

① 过去分词置于句首。如：

Also discussed was a proposal to reduce the sales tax...也讨论了减少销售税的建议……(这里倒装是由于句子主语较长)

Also said to be under consideration is a performance in Beijing．据说也考虑在北京举行。(这里过去分词与also连用，全句强调主语performance，倒装也与上下文衔接有关)

② 现在分词置于句首。如：

Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water．

地球表面上许多地方都布满水。

Attending the party were 700 students from 15 universities and colleges．

参加晚会的有来自15所大专院校的700名学生。

11. The style and atmosphere in their poems have often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai．(P.28)

他们诗文中的风格和气氛经常使人们把他们的诗作与像杜甫、李白那些诗人的诗歌相比较。

1)atmosphere名词，常用单数，意为“大气层；某一地方的空气；气氛、情绪”。

a smoky atmosphere烟雾腾腾

The talk went on in a friendly atmosphere．会谈在友好的气氛中进行。

There is always an unpleasant atmosphere in the office．办公室里总有一种令人不悦的气氛。

2) comparison名词意为：相比、对比、对照。常用短语和句型有：by／in comparison with...(与……相比；相比之下)；There is no comparison(between...)(没有什么可比性)；bear／stand comparison with sb.／sth.(比得上某人／某事)。

It's useful to make a comparison between two things．把两件事情相比是有益的。

By／In comparison with him，you are cleverer．与他相比，你更聪明。

My garden doesn't stand／bear comparison with his．我的花园比不过他的。

-Is he as good as her at English？ -There is no comparison(between them)．

--在英语上，他俩谁更好？ --他俩根本无可比性。

12. More and more people are interested to read modern poetry in English．(P.28)

越来越多的人们对读英国的现代诗歌感兴趣。

be interested in doing sth.表示感兴趣的事情不太具体，是抽象概念；be interested to do sth.表示感兴趣的事情很具体。

Are you interested in playing football？你对足球感兴趣吗？

I'd be interested to hear your opinion about this．我到想听听你对这个事情的看法。

13．Reading poetry in English also opens the door to finding new ways of expressing yourself in Chinese．(P.28)

译文：读英文诗歌还能使你开启一扇大门，在那儿，你可以找到更新的用汉语表达思想的方法。

[讲解]注意本句中to为介词，介词to后表示有动作的意味时，该词用其动名词形式。类似的结构还有：be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；devote...to doing sth把……贡献给……；contribute...to doing sth把……贡献给……；look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事。

He is used to getting up early．他已习惯早起床了。

He has contributed himself to serving the people．他把自己的一切都献给了为人民服务上。

He is looking forward to seeing you soon．他正盼望早些见到你。

Post reading

14. Modern English came into being from about the middle of 16th century．(P.28)

come into being(existence)形成、开始存在。为不及物动词短语，所以不可用被动；bring...into being(existence)使……形成、存在。

When did the universe first come into being？宇宙是什么时候开始形成的？

Who brought the new regulation into being？这新规定是谁制定的？

15．I started with small poems，but now I most like long poems．(P.31)

开始时，我读一些小诗，现在我更愿意读长诗。

start with意为：“以……开始”；start as意为“作为……开始、开始时是……”

We started our English learning with ABC．我们是以学ABC开始我们的英语学习的。

As a VIP，he started as only a clerk．作为一名大人物，他开始只是一名小职员。

16。Ask your teacher to recommend poems to you．(P.32) 请你的老师为你推荐一些诗歌。

recommend动词，意为“推荐、介绍、建议”，常用句型为：①recommend sth.／sb.推荐某物／人；②recommend sb. sth.／sb.=recommend sth/sb. to sb.把……推荐／介绍给……；③recommend sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事；④recommend + that从句(that从句谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略，“建议某人做某事”；⑤recommend sb.／sth. + as／for + 名词，推荐／介绍……当……

Can you recommend a novel？你能推荐一本小说吗？

The professor recommended me warmly．那位教授热忱地推荐了我。

The teacher recommended us to read novels in origin．老师建议我们读原版小说。

They recommended that the match be held in China．他们建议比赛在中国举办。

He recommended Lao Li as an experienced technician．他推荐说老李是一个有经验的技术员。

She recommended me for the Party membership．她介绍我入党。

My uncle recommended me to the manager．我叔叔把我介绍给经理。

I have been recommended that medicine。有人向我介绍那种药。

17。Collect your favorite poems in a notebook and ask your friends to contribute to it．(P.32)

把你最喜欢的诗歌收集在你的笔记本中，让你的朋友们也往里面增添些新诗歌。

contribute动词，意为“贡献、捐(款)、投(稿)、出(力)、起(作用)、分享(=have a share in)”。常用句型有：①contribute sth.②contribute + to-infinitive③contribute sth. to(towards)sth.④contribute to sth.。

Everybody is called to contribute ideas．要求人人都想办法出主意。

Low wages and high prices contributed to increase the discontent of the people of that country．低工资、物价高增加了那个国家人们的不满。

He contributed all his time and energy to his work．他把所有时间和精力都献给了工作。

Laziness contributed greatly to his failure．懒惰是他失败的最重要的原因。

The fine weather contributed to the success of the expeditions．好天气是这次远征的原因。

用作状语的过去分词

无论过去分词作状语还是现在分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都要和主句的主语一致。过去分词与主句的主语应是被动关系。过去分词作状语，表示时间、原因、让步或伴随等，这种过去分词通常相当于状语从句。

1)表时间

(When the metal is)Heated，the metal expands．加热后，这种金属会膨胀。(The couple took good care of the baby while(the couple was)occupied by their work．这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾这个婴儿。

像第二句那样当强调实践概念时，过去分词之前可用连词when，while。

2)表原因

(As he was)Greatly surprised，he couldn't say a word．

他大吃一惊，一时说不出话来。

(Because she was)Scolded by the teacher，the girl felt unfair．

那姑娘因受老师责备，而愤愤不平。

3)表让步

Even if(I were)invited，I wouldn't go．即使受邀请，我也不愿去。

Though(they were)defeated again and again，they went on fighting．尽管一再遭受挫败，他们仍然继续战斗。

4)表伴随

He stared at me(he was)astonished．他两眼瞪着我，惊恐万状。

Einstein walked along the street，(he was)lost in thought．爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索中。

篇7：高二上unit 3 语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

1. .prefer v．更喜欢…..

prefer sth to sth prefer to do sth prefer doing sth; prefer doing sth to doing sth

I much prefer dogs to cats．与猫比起来，我更喜欢狗。

Many people living in cities would actually prefer to live in the country．许多住在城市的人实际上更愿意住在乡村。

Peter prefers traveling by train．彼得更喜欢乘火车旅行。

I prefer staying home to going out today．我今天宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。

preference n．偏好

I must admit I have a preference for romantic movies．我必须承认我更喜欢浪漫电影。．

I asked her where she wanted to go on vacation，but she didn't express any preference．我问她想到哪儿去度假，但她没表示自己的偏好。

In allocating housing，preference is given to those who have young children．在分配房子时，那些有小孩的人有优先权。

Many people choose the train in preference to driving．许多人宁愿选择火车也不愿选择自己驾车。

2． furniture n. （总称）家具，作不可数名词。例如：

一套家具 a set of furniture 一件家具 a piece of furniture；an article of furniture

This old French table is a very valuable piece of furniture.

这张旧的法国桌子是一件很贵重的家具。

3． convenient adj.方便的；近便的opp. inconvenient 不方便的

（1）作表语时，不可用sb作主语。例如：

Is it convenient for you to come out this evening? 你今天晚上出来方便吗？

不可写为：Are you convenient to come out this evening? （2）作表语时后接主动不定式。

The furniture is convenient to move.

家具搬起来很方便。派生词：convenience n.方便；便利

4. stand vt.承受；经受；承担（to accept successfully; bear）

This work will hardly stand close examination.这种作品很难经得起仔细的检验。（stand sth.）

Could you stand to go there again tomorrow?明天你还有能耐上那里吗？（stand to do sth）

He wants to marry me but I can't stand the sight of him. 他要娶我，但我一见他就受不了。（can't stand sth /doing sth）

5. Architecture looks at the man-made living environment．(P.19) 译文：建筑学关注的是人造生活环境。

[讲解]本句采用了拟人的修辞方法(personification)，把architecture人性化。look at在本句中意为“考虑、关注(consider)”；此外还有“看待(regard)”、“对待(judge)”、“检查、察看(examine to see if it is good or correct)”等意思。

I won't look at such a simple matter．我不愿考虑这样简单的事情。

We must look at the question from all sides．我们应该从各个方面考虑这个问题。

You should look at your work attentively．你应认真对待你的工作。

You ought to have your bad teeth looked at．你应去检查一下你的坏牙。

6. ...who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty．(P.19) 他们希望用背离人们审美标准的建筑改变社会。

[讲解]go against有三个意思。①违背，反对(to act in opposition to)；②对(某人)不利(to be in favorable to sb.)③与……相反；与……不符。

[例句]

She went against her own wishes．她违背了她自己的意志。

The opinion is going against us．舆论对我们不利。

The case may go against you这个案子对你不利。

It went against my principles to work for this company．为这家公司工作违背了我的原则。

[讲解]against的用法总结：

be against a plan(反对计划)／sail against the wind(逆风行船)／stand against the door(靠门而立)／go against the law(违背法律)／be against one's will(违背心愿)／protect(defend)sb. against(from)...(保护……免受)／warn sb. against doing sth...(警告……不……)／Her red clothes stand out clearly against the snow．(她的红色衣服在白雪中格外显眼)／The rain beat against the window．(雨点打在了窗户上)。

7． impress vt.因此impress原意为：压入；按入→vt.①(具体)印、压(盖)印；②(抽象)给……深刻印象；使感动；使佩服；③铭记；铭刻。

I was very impressed by /at /with his performance. 他的表演令人难忘。(sb be impressed by /at /with sth)

My father impressed the value of hard work on me. 我父亲使我铭记勤勉的重要。（impress sth on sb /one's mind; impress sb with sth）

The country impressed me with the high speed of its development. 这个城市给我留下高速度发展的深刻印象。（impress sb with sth）

派生词：impression n.

8．Most of Gaudi's works were constructed in and round Barcelona．(P.20) 高迪的大部分作品都建筑在巴塞罗那及周围。

[讲解]construct v. build(sth)；put or fit together；form建筑；建造(某物)；形成。

[例词]construct a factory／an airplane／a sentence／a modal建工厂；造飞机；造句子；制作模型

9. Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient architecture stands much closer to nature. 无论是在选材，还是在外形上，古代建筑都比较贴近自然。

(1)in the choice of意为“在选择……方面”。choice n.①选择(可数或不可数名词)；②被选出的人或东西(可数名词)，常和for，as连用；③可供选择的品种。

I bet we've made a good choice．我确信我们做了一个好的选择。

As to language learning，he was given a choice between English and France．至于语言学习，他被提供了两项选择--英语或法语。

I didn't work all night．-I did it by choice．

我不是非得整夜工作--我是自己选择这样做。

He was a very good choice as chairman．他是作主席的最好人选。

(2) 句中的stand close to 原意为“站得与……靠近”，这里指“与……相适”，“与……相一致”。例如：He stands close to the hive to have a close study on their dance. 他站在靠近蜂房的地方仔细观察蜜蜂的舞蹈。

His conclusion stands closer to the facts than yours. 他的结论比你的更与事实相符。

10. Looking at the architecture by Gandhi is like a dream, full of fantastic colors and shapes.

观赏高迪的建筑就像进了梦境，色彩斑斓和形状奇异。

（1）句中的“looking at…”是动名词短语，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，在英语中，此类用法很常见。例如：

Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 错过了这班车意味着再等一个小时。

Mary's coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽迟到了使她老师很生气。

（2）句中的“full of…”为形容词短语，相当于一个定语从句“which is full of…”。又如：

We visited many palaces, old and beautiful. 我们参观了许多古老而又美丽的宫殿。

（相当于：…，which are old and beautiful.）

11. despite= in spite of prep．不管，不顾

Despite all our efforts to save the school，the headmaster decided to close it.不管我们花了多少努力来挽救这所学校，校长还是决定关掉它。

She went to Spain despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest．不顾医生告诉她要休息(这个事实)，她还是去了西班牙。

Despite herself, she found his attention rather enjoyable．情不自禁地，她发现他的关注相当令人愉悦。

12. Frank Lloyd Wright，who built an art museum in New York，found himself inspired by Japanese seashells．(P.20) 弗兰克劳埃德赖特设计了纽约的艺术博物馆，是日本的海贝壳激发了他的灵感。

[讲解]inspire v. in 根义：注入。①注入精神→鼓舞，激励；②注入灵气→给……灵感；启迪；启示。

His noble example inspired the rest of us to great effort．他的高尚的榜样激发了我们大家更加努力。

It inspired him with courage．这事鼓起了他的勇气。My father inspired me with a love of knowledge．

我的父亲鼓励我爱好学问。

The beautiful scenery of the West Lake inspired him to write this famous poem．西湖美景给了他灵感写出了这首著名的诗篇。

12. fill up with把…灌满，使充满

Brad just kept filling up everyone’ glass with champagne．布莱德一直给每一个人的杯子灌满香槟。

11. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's nest made of tree branches.从顶上看，仿佛体育场覆盖着灰色的钢网，非常像树枝搭成的鸟巢。

（1）…look as if“看起来好像”，后面可接真实可能发生的事，也可指与事实完全相反的假设。例如：

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看样子要下雨了。（真实语气，有可能发生）

If you put the chopsticks in the water , it looks as if they were broken. 如果你把筷子放进水中，他们看起来仿佛断了似的。

13． belong to 属于；是……成员。

（1）此词组不可用于进行时，例如： The car belongs to her.这车属于她。

（2）不可用于被动语态，其过去分词也不可用作后位定语。

Does the tape belong to Mary? 这磁带是玛丽的吗？

（3）是……成员（to be a member of an organization）

What party do you belong to? 你是哪一党的党员？

（4）与……有关系（to be connected with）

As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century. 以作家而言，他其实属于18世纪。

They are decorated with small round windows that remind us of ships，bent roofs，...(P.23)

译文：它们被小圆窗装点，还能让你联想到轮船、穹顶……

[讲解]decorate v.装饰、装修(make sth. more beautiful or attractive by sth.(not because it is necessary)。常用句型decorate...with sth.；如宾语是人，意为：授予某人荣誉标志(勋章)。

a Christmas tree decorated with colored lights装饰着彩灯的圣诞树

He was decorated for his bravery．他因勇敢而被授予勋章。

[讲解]remind v.①使某人想起，常用remind sb. of sth.句型②提醒某人做某事，常用remind sb. to do sth.句型。

He reminds me of his brother．他使我想起了他哥哥。

This song reminded me of my childhood．=This song recalled me of my childhood．=This song called up the memory of my childhood．这首歌使我想起了我的童年。

Do I have to remind you？我必须提醒你吗？

That(what you've said)reminds me．I must feed the cat．对啦！我该喂猫了。

14． set aside

（1）把……置于一旁；

He set aside all objections and changed the plan. 他不顾一切反对改变了计划。

（2）留出，拨出

We should set aside enough grain. 我们应该留出充足的粮食。

（3）使无效

The decision of the court set aside the new law. 法院的判决使得那条新法律无效。

（4）为了某种特殊目的而搁置一旁

This is a room set aside for playing card games. 这是一间专供纸牌游戏的房间。

15. so that people in the neighborhood are not disturbed when rock musicians move in and practice for a concert．(P.24) ……目的是当乐师们搬进来为音乐会排练时，邻居不被打扰。

[讲解]disturb vt.①焦虑不安，常用于be disturbed to do sth.(由于做了某事而焦虑不安)；②扰乱、惊动、搅乱；interrupt vt.打断、中断。因此disturb强调“扰”；interrupt强调“断”。

[例句]

He was disturbed to hear of your illness．听到你生病他焦虑不安。

Don't disturb the papers on my desk．不要把我桌上的文件弄乱。

She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child．她轻轻打开门为的是不把睡梦中的小孩弄醒。

Don't interrupt the speaker now；he will answer questions later．现在不要打断他的话，他稍候再回答问题。

We interrupt this programme to bring you a new flash．我们中断节目，报告新闻快讯。

三词语学习:

5.sale n．销售 for sale 待售 on sale 廉价销售

--Excuse me, are these for sale? 请问这些卖吗?

--No，the particular item is just on show．不，这个只供观赏。

Peter's department store is having a sale this week．这星期彼得百货商店大减价。

Stephen King's new novel will go on sale next week．史第芬金的新小说将会卖到下星期。

I could only afford to buy the CD player because it was on sale．我只买得起CD机，因为它在降价大甩卖。

6.Stuff n. [u] 东西；材料；事情

What's that stuff you're drinking? 你在喝什么东西?

What kind of stuff do you like to read? 你喜欢读什么样的材料?

I've got so much stuff to do this weekend．这个周末我有许多事情要做。

Unit 3 Art and architecture 知识清单

1. .prefer v．__________.

(prefer sth to sth prefer to do sth prefer doing sth; prefer doing sth to doing sth )

I much prefer dogs to cats． Many people living in cities would actually prefer to live in the country．

Peter prefers traveling by train． I prefer staying home to going out today．

preference n．_____________

I must admit I have a preference for romantic movies．

I asked her where she wanted to go on vacation，but she didn't express any preference．

In allocating housing，preference is given to those who have young children．

Many people choose the train in preference to driving．

2． furniture n. （总称）_____，作_____________名词。例如：

a set of furniture a piece of furniture；an article of furniture

This old French table is a very valuable piece of furniture.

3． convenient adj.______________ opp. inconvenient ___________

（1）作表语时，不可用__________作主语。例如：

Is it convenient for you to come out this evening?

可不可以写为：Are you convenient to come out this evening?

（2）作表语时后接主动不定式还是被动不定式。

The furniture is convenient to move.派生词：convenience n.____

4. stand vt._____________（to accept successfully; bear）

This work will hardly stand close examination.（stand sth.）

Could you stand to go there again tomorrow?（stand to do sth）

He wants to marry me but I can't stand the sight of him.（can't stand sth /doing sth）

5. Architecture looks at the man-made living environment．(P.19)建筑学关注的是人造生活环境。

本句采用了拟人的修辞方法(personification)，把architecture人性化。look at在本句中意为“____________”；此外还有“看待(regard)”、“对待(judge)”、“检查、察看(examine to see if it is good or correct)”等意思。

I won't look at such a simple matter． We must look at the question from all sides．

You should look at your work attentively． You ought to have your bad teeth looked at．

6. ...who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty．(P.19) 他们希望用背离人们审美标准的建筑改变社会。

[讲解]go against有三个意思。①_______(to act in opposition to)；②___________(to be in favorable to sb.)③______________

She went against her own wishes． The opinion is going against us． The case may go against you

It went against my principles to work for this company．

[讲解]against的用法总结：

be against a plan(____)／sail against the wind(____)／stand against the door(____)／go against the law(____)／be against one's will(____)／protect(defend)sb. against(from)...( ____)／warn sb. against doing sth... (____)／Her red clothes stand out clearly against the snow．(____)／The rain beat against the window．(____)。

7． impress vtvt.①(具体)________；②(抽象)___________；③______________。

I was very impressed by /at /with his performance.(sb be impressed by /at /with sth)

My father impressed the value of hard work on me.（impress sth on sb /one's mind; impress sb with sth）

The country impressed me with the high speed of its development.（impress sb with sth）

派生词：impression n.

8．Most of Gaudi's works were constructed in and round Barcelona．(P.20) 高迪的大部分作品都建筑在巴塞罗那及周围。

[讲解]construct v. build(sth)；put or fit together；form_____________。

[例词]construct a factory／an airplane／a sentence／a moda___________________-

9. Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient architecture stands much closer to nature. 无论是在选材，还是在外形上，古代建筑都比较贴近自然。

(1)in the choice of意为“________________”。choice n.①选择(可数或不可数名词)；②被选出的人或东西(可数名词)，常和for，as连用；③可供选择的品种。

I bet we've made a good choice． As to language learning，he was given a choice between English and France．

I didn't work all night．-I did it by choice． He was a very good choice as chairman．

(2) 句中的stand close to 原意为“站得与……靠近”，这里指“______________”。

例如：He stands close to the hive to have a close study on their dance.

His conclusion stands closer to the facts than yours.

10. Looking at the architecture by Gandhi is like a dream, full of fantastic colors and shapes.

观赏高迪的建筑就像进了梦境，色彩斑斓和形状奇异。

（1）句中的“looking at…”是动名词短语，在句中作_________，谓语动词用_____数形式，在英语中，此类用法很常见。例如：

Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. Mary's coming late made her teacher angry.

（2）句中的“full of…”为形容词短语，相当于一个定语从句“which is full of…”。又如：

We visited many palaces, old and beautiful. （相当于：…，which are old and beautiful.）

11. despite= in spite of prep．__________

Despite all our efforts to save the school，the headmaster decided to close it.

She went to Spain despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest．

Despite herself, she found his attention rather enjoyable．

[讲解]inspire v. in①____________-；②________________

His noble example inspired the rest of us to great effort．

It inspired him with courage． My father inspired me with a love of knowledge．

The beautiful scenery of the West Lake inspired him to write this famous poem．

12. fill up with__________________

Brad just kept filling up everyone’ glass with champagne．

11. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's nest made of tree branches.

（1）…look as if“________”，后面可接真实可能发生的事，也可指与事实完全相反的假设。例如：

It looks as if it is going to rain.

If you put the chopsticks in the water , it looks as if they were broken.

13． belong to _____________。

（1）此词组不可用于________时，例如： The car belongs to her.这车属于她。

（2）不可用于被动语态，其过去分词也不可用作后位定语。

Does the tape belong to Mary? 这磁带是玛丽的吗？

（3）是……成员（to be a member of an organization）

What party do you belong to? 你是哪一党的党员？

（4）与……有关系（to be connected with）

As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century. 以作家而言，他其实属于18世纪。

14. They are decorated with small round windows that remind us of ships，bent roofs，...(P.23)

它们被小圆窗装点，还能让你联想到轮船、穹顶……

decorate v.____________(make sth. more beautiful or attractive by sth.(not because it is necessary)。

常用句型decorate...__________ sth.；如宾语是人，意为：授予某人荣誉标志(勋章)。

a Christmas tree decorated with colored lights. He was decorated for his bravery．

[讲解]remind v.①_____________，常用_________句型②______，常用________句型。

He reminds me of his brother．

This song reminded me of my childhood．=This song recalled me of my childhood．=This song called up the memory of my childhood． Do I have to remind you？

14． set aside

（1）__________； He set aside all objections and changed the plan.

（2）________ We should set aside enough grain.

（3）________ The decision of the court set aside the new law.

（4）为了某种特殊目的而搁置一旁 This is a room set aside for playing card games.

[讲解]disturb vt.①________，常用于_________(由于做了某事而焦虑不安)；②________；

interrupt vt.打断、中断。因此disturb强调“扰”；interrupt强调“断”。

He was disturbed to hear of your illness． Don't disturb the papers on my desk．

She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child．

Don't interrupt the speaker now；he will answer questions later．

We interrupt this programme to bring you a new flash．

篇8：高二上unit 7语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

Warming up

1. infect verb [vn] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 感染, 沾染上

It is not possible to infect another person through kissing. 接吻不可能把这种疾病传染给其他人。 people infected with HIV 感染爱滋病毒的人

Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class. 玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子。

All the tomato plants are infected with a virus. 所有的西红柿植物都感染上了一种病毒。

Infected 感染病毒的， infection n. 传染，感染； infectious adj. 传染性的，感染的

an infected water supply 受污染的水系统；to be exposed to infection 暴露于易受感染的环境 an ear / throat, etc. infection 耳部/喉部感染

2. by swimming 通过游泳

相关词组：by accident=by chance 偶然地；by means of 借助，靠；by turns 轮流；by mistake 由于疏忽；by no means 决不

3. Live with 和。。。住在一起；忍受

As a boy, he lived with his parents but now he has his own house. 小时侯，他与父母一起住，现在有了自己的家了。

I can’t change the situation so I’m going to have to learn to live with it. 我无法改变形式，因此我不得不学着去忍受。

相关词组：live by 以…为生；live on 以…为主食

4. get tested for HIV进行艾滋病毒检测

get/be lost 迷路； get/be married 结婚； get/be separated 分离； get/be injured 受伤

5. via a 经由，经过（through a place） We flew home via Dubai. 我们乘飞机经迪拜回国。

b 通过，凭借（ by means of a particular person, system, etc）

I heard about the sale via Jane. 我从简那里知道了大减价。

The news program came to us via satellite. 新闻节目是通过卫星传送到这里来的。

Listening Part 2

6. take/make notes of 记下，记录

take note of注意到；将。。。铭记在心 take note of what he says. 牢记他说的话。

take no notice of没注意到

Reading

7. be born dying 天生快要死去

be born+adj/n be born a musician/a poet=a born musician/poet天生的音乐家/诗人

Para 2

8．AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses. 艾滋病是一种破坏人的免疫系统，使人体对感染疾病没有抵抗能力的疾病。

break down意为：打倒；破坏；把。。。分类，划分；使分解为。。。。。出故障；崩溃；如：

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

The robbers broke the door down.强盗把门砸开了。

The peace talks are said to have broken down.据说和谈破裂了。

The car broke down halfway to the camp.车子在去营地的半路上抛锚了。

break的相关短语：

break the law 犯法 break out (战争、灾害)突然爆发

break into 破门而入 break up 打碎；拆散；(物理)分解

break the silence 打破沉寂 break in 打断(谈话)；突然闯入

break through 突破

break away from 摆脱(束缚)；克服(习惯)；脱离(政府)

break up 粉碎，破碎，结束，散开，解散，break sth up 拆开，打散，结束（关系等）关闭，

这里leave是使役动词，意为“留下/使……处于某种状态”，后接形容词、副词、分词作宾语补足语。如：

The window was left open. 窗子开着。

They went back home, leaving the work unfinished. 他们撂下未完成的工作回家了。

9. help (to)keep

相关词组：can’t help doing 忍不住干…can’t help to do sth不能帮忙做某事can’t help but do不得不干help sb with sth帮某人干help oneself to sth随便，自取…with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下

10. living, alive, live, lively用法辨析：

①living表示“活着的；逼真的”，指人或物，在句中作表语或前置定语。如：

A living language should be learned orally. 一种活的语言应该通过口语来学习。

Shelly was still living when Keats died. 济慈死时，雪莱还活着。

He's the living image of his father. 他跟他父亲长得一模一样。

②alive多用作表语后置定语或宾语补足语，多用于人，表示“活着的；活的”。如：

Is she still alive? 她还活着吗？

They are the happiest children alive. 他们是当代最幸福的孩子。

An enemy officer was caught alive. 一名敌军官被活捉了。

③live作形容词时读作[laiv], 只用于物，作定语，表示“活的；活着的”、“现场直播的”。如：

This is a live fish. 这是一条活鱼。

It was a live broadcast, not a recording. 那是实况广播，不是录音广播。

alive亦可表示“（传统，习俗，机构）仍然存在着”的意思。如：

It was your way of keeping your marriage alive. 这是你保持婚姻不崩溃的办法。

(7)Ancient traditions are still very much alive in rural areas. 传统的习俗在农村地区仍很流行。

④lively读作[laivli]，在句中作表语或定语，表示“有生气的”、“活泼的”、“生动的”。如：

He has lively imagination. 他有丰富的想象力。

What lively colours! 多么鲜明的色彩。

He gave a lively description of the football game. 他对这场足球赛进行了生动的描述。

11. survive vi. 存活，生存 vt. 幸存，挺过比。。。活得长

Para 3

12. People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV. 感染了HIV之后就会得爱滋病。

这里having been done 是动名词被动式的完成式。表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

We are too young to have seen the old society.

I apologize for having made such a terrible mistake. I regret not having told her the truth.

The man in the corner confessed to ____a lie to the manager of the company.

A have told B be told C being told D having told

13. 动词contract的用法

▲动词contract在本课中作“染有（坏习惯等）”“染上（疾病）”“负债”解释。如：

He contracted an awful stomach complaint while he was traveling. 他旅游时患了严重的胃病。

He contracted huge debts by buying luxuries he could not afford. 他因购买买不起的奢侈品而债台高筑。

▲contract可作“订合同”“订契约”解释

The city council has contracted with White Company for the new library. 市政会已与怀特公司立约，由其承建这座新图书馆。

The builders have contracted for three new bridges this year. 建设者立约承建三座新桥。

▲contract的原意是“收缩”“缩小”。如：

Iron contracts as it gets cooler. 铁冷却时收缩。

Our business has contracted a lot recently. 我们的买卖最近萎缩了不少。

14. wish 引导的从句中的虚拟语气

一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：

I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。

I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。

I wish I were a bird但愿我是只小鸟。

二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：

用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

1. I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。

例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案

三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：

从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

1. I wish it would stop raining.我希望雨能停止。

2. I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。

3. You wished she would arrive the next day你希望她第二天会到。

4. I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。

四）、注意：如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

15. lack一词的用法

lack在本课中作名词用，为不可数名词，后面常跟介词of。如：

Lack of rest made him tired. 缺乏休息使他疲劳。

I’ve got dark rings under my eyes from lack of sleep. 我睡眠不足，眼眶都发黑了。

Lack也可以作动词用，意为“缺乏”“缺少”“没有”，

I lack words with which to express my thanks. 我找不到话来表达我的谢意。

What you lack is perseverance. 他所缺少的是毅力。

They lacked a clear understanding of the problems. 他们对这问题缺乏清楚的认识。

16. as with 就象如同...的情况一样,如同...一样

As with the other production areas in the plant, safety and ecology are very important.

As with credit cards there is usually a 1.5% fee for obtaining cash, but no fee is added for purchases.

As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes. 正如远足一样，你应该总是想到安全，穿好合适的衣服。

17. available可用到的”、“可利用的”、“有用的”、“接受探访的”，常与介词for连用。如：

Is the manager available? 经理在不在？

These tickets are available for one month. 这些票有效期一个月。

I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your color and size. 对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。

Attention, please. These tickets are available on the day of issue only. 请注意，这种车票仅仅在发售当天有效。

Nowadays there is a lot of information available on the internet. 如今，可到因特网上获取大量的信息。

18. persuade vt. 说服；劝服；使某人相信(（常与into, to或out of连用）。（常与convince 换用，不过persuade 的主要意思为“说服，劝说”； convince 主要意思是“使确信，信服”）例如：Try to persuade him to let us go with him.试着说服他让我们跟他一起去。（persuade sb. to do sth.）

I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition. 我搁不住人家的劝说，就参加了比赛。（persuade sb into (doing ) sth）

It will be difficult to persuade them than there’s no other choice. 很难让他们相信别无选择。（persuade sb that ）

Persuasion(n. ) , persuasive (adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的)

19. as if或as though引导的状语从句

as if或as though引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”，在这种状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，具体用法是：当从句所述的情况与现在事实相反时，动词用过去式，与过去事实相反时，用过去完成时。如：

(1)He looks as if he were a football player. 他看上去好像是足球运动员。

(2)He talked about Paris as if he had been there. 他谈起巴黎来好像他去过那里。

(3)The room looks as if it had been empty for years. 这房间看上去好几年没人住了。

(4)It seem as if it were spring already. 现在仿佛已经是春天了。

(5)I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 这一切我记忆犹新，就像是昨天发生的事似的。

(6)He spoke to me as if he were an expert. 他对我讲起话来好像是专家似的。

【注】as if(though)从句的动作发生在主句动作之后时，用would+动词原形。如：

(7)It seems as if it would rain. 天似乎要下雨了。

Para 7

20. 注意这段中存在由that 引导的同位语从句和why 引导的定语从句

Integrating skills

21. Two weeks ago, Dr Richards had asked me a great many questions and taken samples of my blood. 两周前，Richards 医生问我许多问题并抽取我的血样。

a great(good) many相当于many，修饰名词复数形式，意为“许多；大量”。如：

I have a great many things to do today. 我今天有许多事情要做。

After a great many loud explosions, the race began. 在一连串喧闹的爆炸声之后,比赛开始了。

区别：(1) a great deal用作代词或副词，在句中作主语或状语。如：

A great deal has been said on this point. 关于这一点已经说很多了。

They still need a great deal more money to finish the project. 他们还需要一大笔钱来完成这个工程。

(2) a good deal of修饰不可数名词，意为“许多；大量”。如：

She spends a good deal of her time in Glasgow. 她的大部分时间是在格拉斯哥度过的。

Para 4

22. On the contrary, I now feel as if that was when my life really began. 相反，我现在觉得好像那才是我的生命真正开始之时。

on the contrary意为“与此相反”、“不是……而是”、“反之”。如：

- You must be tired. 你一定很累了。

- On the contrary, I feel wide awake. 相反, 我感觉很清醒。

(1) contrary 用作形容词，意为“相反的”、“相对的”、“格格不入的”。如：

Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south. 他不听任何劝告,放弃工作,去了南方。

Hot and cold are contrary terms. 热与冷是相反的词语。

Our sailing boat was delayed by contrary winds. 我们的帆船因逆风耽搁了。

(2) contrary用作名词，意为“反面”、“反义词”、“相反的事物”。如：

Cruelty is the contrary of kindness. 残忍是仁慈的反面。

He is neither tall nor the contrary. 他不高也不矮。

23. The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment, but I know that I will never be completely free from it. 我体内的癌症暂时被打败了，但是我知道我永远不会彻底摆脱它。

for the moment意为“暂时, 目前”，在句中作状语。如：

Let's carry on with what we agreed for the moment. 咱们继续执行目前达成一致的部分吧。

有关moment短语：

in a moment 立刻，立即; for a moment 一会儿；at any moment 随时；在任何时候；at the last moment 在最后关头；at the moment 此刻； (正当)那时；the moment 一……就

for the moment, for a moment, at the moment和in a moment

▲for the moment作“暂时”“目前”解释。如：

Stop discussing for the moment, please. 请暂停讨论。

We have to stay in the inn for the moment as the hotels around are full. 由于周围的旅馆都已满了，我们暂时只能待在小客栈里。

▲for a moment意为“片刻”“一会儿”。如：

For a moment I thought of playing truant. 我一时起了逃学的念头。

I had to think for a moment before I remembered his name. 我想了一会儿才记起他的名字。

▲at the moment,用于现在时中，意为“此刻”；用于过去时中，意为“那时”。如：

I’m busy at the moment. 我此刻很忙。

Our manager is having an interview with a newspaper reporter at the moment. 我们经理此刻正在接受记者来访。

▲in a moment意为“立即”“立刻”。如：

You go first. I’ll come in a moment. 你先走，我马上就来。

It was done in a moment. 一会儿就完成了。

Don’t go away, the bus will start in a moment. 别走开，汽车马上就要开了。

▲of the moment （人，工作，议题等）红极一时，盛行一时

She is the fashion designer of the moment. 她是目前最红的设计师。

be free from 意为“解除；没有……的”。如：

The old lady is never free from pain. 老妇人一直在受苦。

The secretary was free from all blame for the errors. 这些失误完全不能怪秘书。

Free 意思很多，请看以下例句：

Please feel free to interrupt me if you don’t understand anything. (无限制的，无约束的)

He gave me free access to his library. (无限制的，无约束的)

The prisoner wished to be free again. (自由的)

All the books were given away free. (免费的)

Free of charge 免费

The doctor will be free in 20 minutes, can you wait that long?(空闲的)

He’s free with his money. (慷慨的，大方的)

用适当的介词填空：

①Can you wait ____ a moment? ②I'm afraid she's not here ____ the moment.

③This organization is free ____ tax worldwide.

24. Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest. 癌症使我认识到了生命的可贵，认识到了抓紧时间充实生活的重要性。

（1）Living with cancer是动名词短语作主语

（2）感叹句本来应用陈述语序，在宾语从句中仍然用陈述语序。如：

What strange clothes he was wearing. 他穿的衣服多么怪异呀！

She said how nice it was of us to meet her at the airport. 她说我们到机场去接她真好。

（3）take chance意为“利用机会”、“碰碰运气”、“冒险”。如：

We will take the chances. 我们要冒这个险。

He is taking a chance by driving his car so fast. 他把车开得这么快是在冒险。

There is a chance that... 有……的可能; by chance 偶然地；chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的良机；by some chance 不知为啥；leave things to chance 听天由命, 听其自然

（4）to the full意为“充分地”、“十足地”。如：

She certainly lives life to the full. 当然她的日子过得很充实。

25. 语法

虚拟语气的三种句型是什么？

表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形.”例如:

If I were you, I should study English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting.

表示与过去的事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+have +过去分词”.例如:

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.

表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同,或者条件从句中用“were to(should)+动词原形”.例如:

If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.例如:

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)

一、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用

1.情态动词的过去式用于现在进行时，表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常生活中。如：

Would you be kind enough to open the door? 请您把门打开，好吗？

2.用于一些习惯表达法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？I would rather not tell you. 我倒宁愿不告诉你。

3.用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”，may 必须置于句首。如：

May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed! 祝你成功！

二、虚拟语气用于主语从句

在It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that...和It is desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)句型中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等。如：

It is necessary that we should clean the room every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。

It will be suggested that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 建议她今天下午完成她的作业。

三、虚拟语气用于宾语从句

1.“I wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。如:

I wish you could go with us. 我倒希望你们和我们一起走。

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我们倒希望早两小时到那里。

2.动词command, demand, insist, order, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”。如：

I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. 我建议我们开个会。

We insist that they (should) go with us. 我们坚持要他们和我们一起走。

注意：只有当insist作“坚持(认为)”，“坚持(应该)”，suggest作“建议”解时，从句的动作发生在谓语之后，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。当insist作“坚持”，suggest 作“暗示，表明”解时，宾语从句通常不用虚拟语气。如：

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克坚持说他没有偷任何东西。

The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry. 他脸上的表情说明他很生气。

四、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词与表语从句和同位语从句连用，其谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如：

We agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们同意他的建议，去北京观光旅游。

My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 我的看法是我们先做练习。

五、虚拟语气用于定语从句

在It is (high) time (that)...句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should+动词原形(should不能省略，be 用were)来表示，意为“早该”。例如：

It is (high) time we left (should leave). 我们该离开了。

It is high time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。

六、虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中

If only I had taken his advice. 我要是听他的话就好了。

If only I were a bird. 我如果是一只鸟就好了。

Unit 7 Living with disease 知识清单

Warming up

1. infect verb [vn] ~ sb/sth (______ sth) ______

It is not possible to infect another person through kissing. people infected with HIV

Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.

All the tomato plants are infected with a virus.

Infected ______， infection n. ______； infectious adj. ______

an infected water supply______；to be exposed to infection ______ an ear / throat, etc. infection ______

2. by swimming _______________

相关词组：by accident=by chance ______；by means of ______；by turns ______；by mistake ______；by no means ______

3. Live with ______；______

As a boy, he lived with his parents but now he has his own house.

I can’t change the situation so I’m going to have to learn to live with it.

相关词组：live by ______ ；live on ______

4. get tested for HIV进行艾滋病毒检测

get/be lost； get/be married； get/be separated； get/be injured

5. via a ______（through a place） We flew home via Dubai.

b ______（ by means of a particular person, system, etc）

I heard about the sale via Jane.

The news program came to us via satellite.

Reading

6. be born dying 天生快要死去

be born+adj/n be born a musician/a poet=a born musician/poet

Para 2

7．AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses. 艾滋病是一种破坏人的免疫系统，使人体对感染疾病没有抵抗能力的疾病。

break down意为： a ______；b ______； c ______ d______；如：

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

The robbers broke the door down.

The peace talks are said to have broken down.

The car broke down halfway to the camp.

break的相关短语：

break the law ______ break out ______break into ______ break up ______

break the silence ______ break in ______break through______break away from ______

break up ______，break sth up ______

这里leave是使役动词，意为“______”，后接______, ______, ______作宾语补足语。如： The window was left open. They went back home, leaving the work unfinished.

8. help (to)keep _________

相关词组：can’t help doing _________…can’t help to do sth_________can’t help but do不_________; help sb with sth_________help oneself to sth_________…with the help of sb _________

9. living, alive, live, lively用法辨析：

①living表示“______”，指人或物，在句中作表语或______定语。如：

A living language should be learned orally. Shelly was still living when Keats died.

He's the living image of his father.

②alive多用作表语, ______定语或宾语补足语，多用于______，表示“______”。如：

Is she still alive?

They are the happiest children alive.

An enemy officer was caught alive.。

③live作形容词时读作[laiv], 只用于______，作______语，表示“______”、“______”。如： This is a live fish. It was a live broadcast, not a recording.

alive亦可表示“（传统，习俗，机构）______”的意思。如：

It was your way of keeping your marriage alive.

(7)Ancient traditions are still very much alive in rural areas.

④lively读作[laivli]，在句中作表语或定语，表示“______”。如：

He has lively imagination.

What lively colours!

He gave a lively description of the football game.

10. survive vi. ______ vt. ______

Para 3

11. People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV. 感染了HIV之后就会得爱滋病。

这里having been done 是动名词被动式的完成式。表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作______。如：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

We are too young to have seen the old society.

I apologize for having made such a terrible mistake. I regret not having told her the truth.

The man in the corner confessed to ____a lie to the manager of the company.

A have told B be told C being told D having told

12. 动词contract的用法

▲动词contract在本课中作“______”“ ______”“ ______”解释。如：

He contracted an awful stomach complaint while he was traveling.

He contracted huge debts by buying luxuries he could not afford.

▲contract可作“______”解释

The city council has contracted with White Company for the new library.

The builders have contracted for three new bridges this year.

▲contract的原意是“______”。如：

Iron contracts as it gets cooler. Our business has contracted a lot recently.

13. wish 引导的从句中的虚拟语气

一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：

I wish I ______(know) the answer to the question.

I wish it ______(be ) spring in my hometown all the year around.

二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：

用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

1. I wish I ______ so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

2. He wishes he ______ the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。

三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：

从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

1. I wish it would stop raining. 2. I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。

3. You wished she would arrive the next day 4. I wish she would change her mind.

四）、注意：如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

Para 4

14. lack一词的用法

lack在本课中作名词用，为________名词，后面常跟介词________。如：

Lack of rest made him tired. I’ve got dark rings under my eyes from lack of sleep.

Lack也可以作动词用，意为“________”，

I lack words with which to express my thanks. What you lack is perseverance.

They lacked a clear understanding of the problems.

15. as with ________

As with the other production areas in the plant, safety and ecology are very important.

As with credit cards there is usually a 1.5% fee for obtaining cash, but no fee is added for purchases.

As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.

Para 5

16. available可用到的”“可利用的”、“有用的”、“接受探访的”如：

Is the manager available? These tickets are available for one month.

I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your color and size.

Attention, please. These tickets are available on the day of issue only.

Nowadays there is a lot of information available on the internet.

Para 6

17. persuade vt. ________ （常与convince 换用，不过persuade 的主要意思为“说服，劝说”； convince 主要意思是“使确信，信服”）例如：

Try to persuade him to let us go with him.（persuade sb. to do sth.）

I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition. （persuade sb into (doing ) sth）

It will be difficult to persuade them than there’s no other choice.（persuade sb that ）

Persuasion(n. ) , persuasive (adj. ________)

18. as if或as though引导的状语从句

as if或as though引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”，在这种状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，具体用法是：当从句所述的情况与现在事实相反时，动词用________，与过去事实相反时，用________。如： (1)He looks as if he were a football player. (2)He talked about Paris as if he had been there.

(3)The room looks as if it had been empty for years. (4)It seem as if it were spring already.

(5)I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. (6)He spoke to me as if he were an expert.

【注】as if(though)从句的动作发生在主句动作之后时，用would+动词原形。如：

(7)It seems as if it would rain. 天似乎要下雨了。

Para 7

19. 注意这段中存在由that 引导的同位语从句和why 引导的定语从句

Integrating skills

Para 1

20. Two weeks ago, Dr Richards had asked me a great many questions and taken samples of my blood. 两周前，Richards 医生问我许多问题并抽取我的血样。

a great(good) many相当于many，修饰名词________数形式，意为“________”。如：

I have a great many things to do today.

After a great many loud explosions, the race began.

区别：(1) a great deal用作代词或副词，在句中作________语或________语。如：

A great deal has been said on this point.

They still need a great deal more money to finish the project.

(2) a good deal of修饰不可数名词，意为“________”。如：

She spends a good deal of her time in Glasgow.

Para 4

21. On the contrary, I now feel as if that was when my life really began. 相反，我现在觉得好像那才是我的生命真正开始之时。

on the contrary意为“________”、“不是……而是”、“反之”。如：

- You must be tired. - On the contrary, I feel wide awake.

(1) contrary 用作形容词，意为“________”、“________”、“格格不入的”。如：

Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south. Hot and cold are contrary terms.

Our sailing boat was delayed by contrary winds.

(2) contrary用作名词，意为“________”、“反义词”、“相反的事物”。如：

Cruelty is the contrary of kindness. He is neither tall nor the contrary.

22. The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment, but I know that I will never be completely free from it. 我体内的癌症暂时被打败了，但是我知道我永远不会彻底摆脱它。

for the moment意为“________”，在句中作状语。如：

Let's carry on with what we agreed for the moment.

有关moment短语：

in a moment ________; for a moment________；at any moment________；at the last moment ________；at the moment ________；the moment ________

for the moment, for a moment, at the moment和in a moment 辨析

▲for the moment作“________”解释。如：

Stop discussing for the moment, please.

We have to stay in the inn for the moment as the hotels around are full.

▲for a moment意为“________”。如：

For a moment I thought of playing truant. I had to think for a moment before I remembered his name.

▲at the moment,用于现在时中，意为“________”；用于过去时中，意为“________”。如：

I’m busy at the moment.

Our manager is having an interview with a newspaper reporter at the moment.

▲in a moment意为“________”。如：

You go first. I’ll come in a moment. It was done in a moment.

Don’t go away, the bus will start in a moment.

▲of the moment （人，工作，议题等）________

She is the fashion designer of the moment.

be free from 意为“________”。如：

The old lady is never free from pain. The secretary was free from all blame for the errors.

Free 意思很多，请看以下例句：

Please feel free to interrupt me if you don’t understand anything. (____________)

He gave me free access to his library. (____________)

The prisoner wished to be free again. (____________)

All the books were given away free. (____________)

Free of charge ____________

The doctor will be free in 20 minutes, can you wait that long?( ____________)

He’s free with his money. (____________)

用适当的介词填空：

①Can you wait ____ a moment? ②I'm afraid she's not here ____ the moment.

③This organization is free ____ tax worldwide.

23. Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest. 癌症使我认识到了生命的可贵，认识到了抓紧时间充实生活的重要性。

（1）Living with cancer是动名词短语作________

（2）感叹句本来应用陈述语序，在宾语从句中仍然用陈述语序。如：

What strange clothes he was wearing. 他穿的衣服多么怪异呀！

She said how nice it was of us to meet her at the airport. 她说我们到机场去接她真好。

（3）take chance意为“________”。如：

We will take the chances. He is taking a chance by driving his car so fast.

There is a chance that... ________; by chance ________；chance of a lifetime ________；by some chance ________；leave things to chance ________

（4）to the full意为“________”。如：

She certainly lives life to the full.

24. 语法

虚拟语气的三种句型是什么？

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“________”,而主句中的谓语动词用________“例如:

If I were you, I should study English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting.

表示与过去的事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用”________“,主句中的谓语动词用”________“.例如:

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.

表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀”表示与现在事实相反的假设“的谓语动词相同,或者条件从句中用”________“.例如:

If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.例如:

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)

一、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用

1.情态动词的过去式用于现在进行时，表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常生活中。如：

Would you be kind enough to open the door? 请您把门打开，好吗？

2.用于一些习惯表达法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ I would rather not tell you. 我倒宁愿不告诉你。

3.用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”，may 必须置于句首。如：

May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed! 祝你成功！

二、虚拟语气用于主语从句

It is necessary that we should clean the room every day.

It will be suggested that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

三、虚拟语气用于宾语从句

1.“I wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。如:

I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2.动词command, demand, insist, order, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”。如：

I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insist that they (should) go with us.

注意：只有当insist作“坚持(认为)”，“坚持(应该)”，suggest作“________”解时，从句的动作发生在谓语之后，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。当insist作“________”，suggest 作“________”解时，宾语从句通常不用虚拟语气。如：

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.

四、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词与表语从句和同位语从句连用，其谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气的结构“________”。例如：

We agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们同意他的建议，去北京观光旅游。

My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 我的看法是我们先做练习。

五、虚拟语气用于定语从句

在It is (high) time (that)...句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should+动词原形(should不能省略，be 用were)来表示，意为“早该”。例如：

It is (high) time we left (should leave). It is high time we went to bed.

六、虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中

If only I had taken his advice. If only I were a bird.

篇9：高二上英语知识(Unit1-Uni9)知识（BII，U9）(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

I．目的和要求

1. 学习和掌握以下单词和习惯用语

1) 单词

coal; attend; issue; summarise; content; introduction; representative; killer; access; violence; premier; stress; equality; fairness; responsibility; willingness; harmony; suffering; unfair; wipe; worldwide; alternative; defend; incorrect; affect; advise

2)习惯用语

take notes; the United Nations; the World Health Organization; take action; air conditioner; in harmony with; wipe out; advise sb (not) to do sth.

2. 功能意念项目

学会用英语谈论自然和生态环境。

3. 语法

1）复习学过的虚拟语气；

2）倒装。

4. 语言运用

运用所学语言,围绕自然和生态环境这一题材,完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务;阅读课文 “Welcome to the Earth Summit”, 确切理解并完成有关课文内容和练习; 练习写一篇明确阐述个人观点和建议的评价性短文。

II．方法：

1. 单词和习惯用语的用法

1）attend vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料

例： Only 12 people attended the meeting. 只有12个人参加了会议。

Please let us know if you are unable to attend. 如果你不能参加请告知我们。

I am the first child in my family to attend college. 我是家中第一个上大学的孩子。

On his deathbed the General was attended by several doctors. 将军临终前有几个医生在照顾。

2）summarize vt. & vi. 概括；总结

例： The authors summarize their views in the introduction. 作者们在导言中概括了他们的观点。

Your final paragraph should summarize the main points of your essay. 你论文的最后一段应该总结一下你的观点。

summary n. 摘要；概要

3）content n. （书、报纸等的）内容，目次，目录;

例： ”It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book, before buying it.“ 买书前最好是先看一看目录。

含量;

the content of silver in a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量

(pl) 内容；所容之物;

The contents of the box fell onto the floor. 这个盒子里的东西掉到地上了。

adj. 满足的；满意的；甘愿的

She is content with very little. 她易于满足。

（常与to连用）满足于…的

The old couple seem content to sit in front of the television all night. 老夫妇俩似乎整夜坐在电视机前就心满意足了。

vt. 使（人或自己）满足；使满意；使安心

Nothing contents her, she is always complaining. 没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。

We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only. 我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。

be content to do sth. 乐于做某事

be content with 沉迷［满足］于

to one's heart's content 心满意足，尽情地

content oneself with 满足于，对...感到满足

4）introduction n. 序言；介绍；引进；采用

例：The introduction of new advanced techniques in the factory is under discussion today. 在工厂采用新的先进技术的问题是今天的议题。

foreign words of recent introduction 新传入的外国字

a letter of introduction 介绍信

Introduction to Radio 《无线电入门》

5）representative n. 代表；典型；议员

例：The representatives were all amazed by what had happened in the factory. 代表们听了这个工厂里发生的事都感到惊愕。

adj. 有代表性的；典型的

a representative collection of ancient Greek art 古希腊艺术代表作品集

6）access n. 接近；进入；接近的方法；到达的权利

例：There is no access to the street through that door. 穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。

The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track. 到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。

Students need access to books. 学生需要使用书本。

Access to the papers is restricted to senior management. 文件的使用权只限于高级管理者。

a man of easy access 易于接近的人,平易近人的人

The only access to the town is across the bridge. 到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。

Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以自由使用图书馆。

7）stress vt. 着重；强调

例：The report stressed that student math skills need to improve. 报告强调学生的数学技能需要提高。

Crawford stressed the need for more housing downtown. 科劳福德着重指出了城区住房的更大需求。

She stressed the importance of a balanced diet. 她强调了平衡饮食的重要性。

n. 压力, 紧迫, 困难; 【语】重音, 重读;

under the stress of poverty 在贫困的压力下

time of stress 危难之际, 非常时期

Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English. 讲英语时重音及节奏都很重要。

We must lay stress on self reliance. 我们必须强调自力更生。

Give stress to the 2nd syllable. 重读第二音节。

Worry over his job and his wife's health put him under a great stress. 忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他陷于过分的紧张中。

8）take action 采取行动；take notes 记笔记；take effect见效, 生效；开始发生作用；

take exercise做体操, 做健身活动；take farewell 告别, 辞行；take ground占领阵地

(飞机)着陆；take notice 注意；take office 就职；take steps 采取措施

9）put an end to 结束； put an end to 结束；bring sth. to an end 结束；

come to an end 结束；make (both) ends meet收支相抵；

10）affect vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭

例：Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。

He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。

be affected by heat [cold] 中暑[着凉]

词义辨析：affect effect influence

作为动词, 都含“影响”的意思。

affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思, 如:

This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。

effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如:

This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。

influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如:

Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。

2. 语言要点

1）According to the World Health Organization, the big three cause more than seven million deaths every year. 据世界卫生组织统计，三大杀手每年致死七百万人。

death: [countable] a particular case when someone dies 死亡人数；死亡案例

We should take action to reduce the number of traffic deaths. 我们应该采取措施减少交通事故死亡人数。

2）Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths. 只是空气污染就导致近三百万人死亡。

此句相当于 Only air pollution causes almost three million deaths. alone相当于only, 但alone置于被修饰的名词或代词的后面。再如：

Julie alone knew the truth. 只有朱莉知道真相。

3）If we are to develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create. 如果我们打算成功地发展世界，我们必须确保每一个人都能够加入到我们建设的这个新世界中来。

（1）be ＋不定式：这种结构表示计划，安排或用来征求意见。

The highway is to be opened in May.

Am I to take over his work？

（2）be going to ＋动词原形：这种结构表示“决定，打算要做什么事，或有迹象表明即将发生，可能会出现什么情况”。

I am going to buy a new coat this winter.

There is going to be a storm.

（3）be about ＋不定式：这种结构表示即将发生的动作，句中不可以用表示未来时间

的状语。

The talk is about to begin.(正)

The talk is about to begin soon.(误)

4）Among the speakers was China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 在会上发言的人中就有强调世界上需要平等和公正的中国当时的总理朱鎔基。

then adj. being so at that time, 当时的

又如：the then chairman of the board. 当时的委员会主席

5）Richer countries have a responsibility towards poorer countries and must do whatever they can to help others. 相对富裕的国家有尽力帮助贫穷国家的责任。

这个句子是一个省略句，即：Richer countries have a responsibility towards poorer countries and must do whatever they can do to help others. 动词不定式 to help others 是目的状语。

6）Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would never have bought one. 如果知道空调能造成这么大的污染，我怎么也不会买的。

这是一个含有虚拟语气的句子。虚拟条件句中省略了If, 构成了倒装句。

7）Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation. 直到我们了解了更多，我们才能够改善这种状况。

这是一个倒装句，因为否定词not 位于句首。其正常语序应该是：We will not be able to improve the situation until we know more.

8）A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act. 对环境的更好更深入的理解是必要的，是我们行动的内驱力。

这个句子是一个由as 引导的非限定性定语从句。

3. 语法说明：

1）虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)

概念：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观意愿或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

在条件句中的应用：

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

（一）真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生。

时态关系

句型：条件从句主句

一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it_______.

A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

（1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

(对)If you leave now, you will never regret it.

（2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

（二）非真实条件句

（1）时态：可表示过去、现在和将来的情况。其基本特点时态退后。

a. 同现在事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时 should(would)+动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

过去完成式 should(would)have+过去分词

If he had come yesterday, I should have told him about it.

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

c. 表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时

were+不定式 should(would)+动词原形

should+动词原形

If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right

（2）混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)

If it had rained last night(过去)，it would be very cold today(现在).

（3）虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词 ‘be’的过去时态一律用 “were”。

If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.

典型例题

_______ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I

答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were, should, had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do. ,而不能Weren’t I to go.

（4）特殊的虚拟语气词：should

① suggest/order/command/propose/demand/insist/require/ request… + that … (should) do

② the suggestion that … (should) do

③ This suggestion is that …(should) do

④ It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/insisted … + that … (should) do

⑤ It is necessary/important/natural/strange… + that … (should) do

⑥ It is a pity/ a shame, no wonder… + that … (should) do

在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, insist … + (should) do

---I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.

---He insisted that he(should)be sent there.

注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用作 “暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

---The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

---Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

---I insisted that you were wrong.

在表语从句、同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。

My idea is that we (should)get more people to attend the conference.

I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

（5）wish的用法

用于wish 后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：

wish + (that) … did/were …(现在时：从句与主句动作同时发生)

wish + (that) … had done …(过去时：从句动作先于主句动作)

wish + (that) … would/could do (将来时：从句动作于主句动作之后)

I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。

He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。

（6）if only

if only 表示“如果就好了”。

If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。

if only也可用于陈述语气。

If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来了。

only if 表示“只有”:

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

（7）It is (high) time that …

It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is time that the children went to bed.

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

（8）虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：

They talked as if they had been friends for years．

She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．

（9）would rather sb did/had done …

(would rather do)

---I’d rather stay at home than go out.

---He’d rather you came on Friday.

2）倒装

在英语中最基本的语序是“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”，即：Who + do + what + how + where + when，而且这个语序还十分固定。如果把主语后面的某一部分提到它前面，就是倒装（Inversion）。没有按照正常顺序排列句子成分，叫广义倒装。如果把谓语动词全部或部分放在主语的前面，叫狭义倒装。我们这里讨论的就是后者。如果谓语动词全部放到主语前面（主要适用于一般现在时和一般过去时，其他时态不能使用）叫完全倒装。如果助动词或是情态动词放在主语前面，行为动词放在主语后面，叫部分倒装。

e.g. In came the headmaster, followed by a group of teachers. (完全倒装)

校长走了进来，后面跟着一群老师。

There goes the bell. (完全倒装)

Never shall I do that again. (部分倒装)

注：副词、介词短语和直接引语在句首使用全部倒装。

（一）倒装的意义

1. 适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指表达疑问句结构的需要。

e.g. How can I get to the railway station?

2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放在了句首，引起倒装。

e.g. Only in this way can we learn English well.

So early did he come to school that no other children came.

3. 为了保持句子平衡。

e.g. Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

“ Me, too,” said the boy anxiously.

（二）英语倒装的几种情况

（1）在疑问句中

e.g. How are you getting along with your work?

Is this report written in detail?

注：如疑问句作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。

（2）在There be 及其类似结构中。There be +主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie, stand等。

e.g. There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table.

There in Greece lived a famous thinker, named Aristotle.

There seems to be still some elements undiscovered yet.

There stands a bridge across the river.

（3）在表示祝愿的句子中

e.g. Long live the People’s Republic of China!

May you succeed!

（4）在省略if的虚拟语气条件状语从句中

这类句子中有were, had, should 等词时，把were, had 或should置于句首。

e.g. Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.

Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.

Should he be here next week, he would help us with the problem.

（5）在so, nor, neither 或no more 开头句子中

① 用于so 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同内容，意为“也怎么样”。另外，在结果状语从句句型so…that…中，如果so… 放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。

e.g. I often go out for a walk after supper. So does she.

So excited was she at the news that she couldn’t say a word.

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.

So mush does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night

注：在该结构中，“so + 形容词”是表语前置；“so + 副词”是状语前置。.

② 用于nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前面内容，“也不…”。

e.g. Li Lei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

If you don’t wait for him, nor shall I.

（6）带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：not, never, seldom, scarcely, rarely, barely, little, few, hardly, nowhere, nobody, in on way , on no account, at no time, not only…but also…, not once, under no condition, hardly…when, no sooner…than…等

e.g. Little did I think he is a spy.

Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang.

Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it .

Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.

（7）当句首状语为表示地点方位的介词词组时，句子倒装。

e.g. Round the corner walked a large policeman.

Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

West of the lake lies the famous city.

（8）“某些副词+不及物动词+主语” 的句式，或当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come 等表示位置转移时需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here, there, now, then, out, in, down, up, away等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。

e.g. Up went the plane.

In came the chairman and the meeting began.

Out rushed the boy.

Down came the brown wave.

Here is a ticket for you .

Now comes your turn.

注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。

e.g. Out they rushed!

Lower and lower he bent.

（9）only 放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），语序要部分倒装。

e.g. Only in this way can we get in touch with them.

Only because he was ill was he absent from school.

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing

(10) 在as though 引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词，副词或名词等置于句首。

e.g. Small as the atom is, we can smash it.

Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.

(11) 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。

e.g. “Let’s go!” said the captain.

“Take off your boots!” ordered the guard.

“What do you mean?” he asked.

(12) 在强调表语时

e.g. Worst of all were the humiliations.

Such is the case.

(13) 在强调宾语时

e.g. Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction.

Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.

注：当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。

e.g. Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.

篇10：高二上英语知识(Unit1-Uni9)知识（BII，U2）(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

A: Key Words and Expressions:

1. Which of the news media above is the most reliable? 以上的新闻媒体中哪一种最可靠？

reliable adj. 可信赖的; 可依靠的；确定的

They are reliable friends. 他们是可信赖的朋友。

Is the source of the information reliable? 那个消息的来源可靠吗？

[链接] reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地 reliability n. 可靠性；可信赖性

2. The man was fired. 那个人被解雇了。

fire的动词用法

(1) 解雇，开除

The company fired him for not coming to work on time. 那个公司因他不按时上班解雇了他。

(2) 发射

He fired his gun at the big snake. 他开枪打那条大蛇。

(3) 激发（人、感情等），使充满热情

The story fired his imagination. 这个故事激发了他的想象力。

3. The man faced difficulties.

(1) face v.t. 面临（困难等），应付，面对；（危险、困难等）迫近

可与介词 to/ towards / on连用

We must face our trouble and bear it. 我们必须正视我们的困难并勇于承受。

The house faces south／the south／to the south．那房子面朝南。

Vt.面临(困难、危险等)

He faced the difficulty with courage．

He faced the enemy bravely．

[短语]

be faced with 面临，面对 face up to面对；承担

face the music接受（不愉快的后果或情况）(对自己的行为结果)负起责任；接受批评)

I was faced with a new problem. 我面临了新问题。

She couldn’t face up to the fact that she was no longer young.

她无法面对自己不再年轻的现实。

The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the music.

那个男孩被发现考试作弊，不得不接受惩罚。

I must face the music and accept responsibility．我一定接受批评并承担责任。

If anything goes wrong，“is 1 who will have to face the music．

如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。

(2) difficulty表示“难，困难”时用作不可数名词，表示“难题，难事”时用作可数名词。

e.g. She learned to speak English without difficulty. 她毫无困难地学会了讲英语。

We will face many difficulties in the future. 将来我们要面临许多难题。

l'm in a bit of a difficulty over paying my rent．我对付房租有点困难，

在下列句式或短语中，difficulty是不可数名词。

have(much／no／1ittle)difficulty with sth．

have／find(much／no／little)difficulty(in)doing sth．

There is(no／1ittle／much)difficulty(in)doing sth．

with／without difficulty困难地／轻易地

I don't have much difficulty with English grammar．我对学英语语法没什么困难。

She had no difficulty in finding the house．她毫无困难地找到了那间房子。

The patient had difficulty breathing．那个病人呼吸困难。

She found no difficulty in solving the problem．她发现解决那个问题没什么困难。

There was little difficulty in understanding him．理解他的意思没什么困难。

She calmed her daughter with some difficulty．她费了力气才使女儿平静下来。

He finished the work without much difficulty．他很轻松地完成了工作。

4. The man was generous.

generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；宽容的；豁达的；丰富的，丰盛的

e.g. He is generous with his money. 他出手大方。

He gave me a generous lunch. 他请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。

[链接] generous adv. 慷慨地 generosity n. 慷慨大方

5.Below is a list of ten things that happened today. 以下列出了今天发生的十件事。

本句为倒装句，正常语序应为：A list of ten things that happened today is below.

Here is a seat for you.这儿有你的一个座位。

There goes the bell!铃响了。

Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.

黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的名字。

6.France elected a new president.

elect v.t. 选举，推选

e.g. They elected a president. / They elected him as President.

他们选举了总统。/ 他们选举他为总统。

注意：若选举某人担任某职位，且该职位只有一个时，通常不用冠词。

e.g. Our classmates elected him as/to be/our/as our monitor.

They elected the old man to be chairman of the club.他们推选那位老人为俱乐部主席。

[辨析] elect, pick out, choose

elect是指通过正式手续的选举。

e.g. Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the U.S.A.

罗斯福四次当选为美国总统。

choose通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择。

e.g. We had to choose between leaving early and paying for a taxi.

我们不得不在早点动身和雇计程车中间作出选择。

There are ten to choose from.

pick out比较通俗，指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选，多用于有行的东西。

e.g. She picked out a scarf to wear with the dress.

她挑选了一条围巾以配上她穿的衣服。

7.Food prices are going up. 食品价格在上涨。

go up上升，增长，提高

e.g. The temperature has gone up.

The lift went up to the fourth floor. 电梯升到了四楼。

8.A house in your city burnt down. Nobody was injured.

你们镇上一座房子被烧毁。无人员伤亡。

(1)burn down 烧毁；使烧毁【强调破坏性】；（由于燃料烧尽）火力减弱

These houses were burnt down to the ground. 这些房子被烧毁。

The fire is burning down, get some more coal please.

[比较] burn up烧尽，烧光【强调动作的结果】；（火，炉等）烧起来，旺起来

e.g. Put some wood on the fire and make it burn up.

(2) injure v.t. 使受伤；损害，伤害（感情）

She injured herself while skating．她在滑冰时受了伤。

The earthquake killed people and inured 3000。

地震造成2000人死亡，3000人受伤。

He got badly inured in the accident．在这次事故中他受了重伤。

The injured were taken to hospital．伤员被送往医院。

Smoking will inure your health．吸烟会损害你的健康。

I hope l didn't inure her feelings．我希望没有伤害她的感情。

Her refusal inured his pride．她拒绝了他，伤了他的自尊心。

[辨析] injure, wound, hurt, harm的区别：

injure伤害，损害（感情），损害（名誉）。普通用词，常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害。多指事故中人或物的损伤，包括容貌、生理、身体等。

e.g. In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured.

在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。

He was so injured in his pride that he stayed at home all day without meeting anyone.

他的自尊受到了如此的伤害以至于他成天待在家里，不见外人。

wound使受伤，伤害，损害，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害，像刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等。多指战场上受伤，还可以指精神上的创伤。

e.g. The soldier was badly wounded in the head.这个士兵头部受了重伤。

The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的胳膊。

hurt伤害（感情）。普通用词，没有injure正式，常用于口语。多用于有生命的东西常指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词，表“疼痛”。

e.g. Luckily no one was seriously hurt in the car accident.

The girl fell off her bike, and one of her legs hurt.

harm常用于口语，表示肉体或精神上的伤害均可以，有时可引起不安，不便。

e.g. There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.

Getting up early won’t harm you! 早起对你没有害处。

9.Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.

报纸和其他媒介并不仅仅记录已发生的事情。

(1) 该句中的do是助动词，起强调作用，用以加强说话者的语气。

e.g. Do remember to remind me to return the book I borrowed from you.

(2) more than不仅仅；极为，非常；多于；难以；不能

e.g. She’s more than a teacher to us.

The boy more than smiled but laughed. 这男孩不仅是微笑，而是放声大笑了。

We are more than pleased with the results. 我们对结果极为满意。

He has more than 300 pictures.

This room is three time larger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大两倍。

The old man is two times older than I am. 这个老人的年龄比我大一倍。

That is more than I can tell. 那是怎么回事我实在难说。

①more than + 数词，意为“……以上；多于……；……有余”。

More than 20 club members attended the meeting．

有20多个俱乐部成员出席会议。

②more than+名词，意为“不只；不仅仅”。

Peace is much more than the absence Of war．和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。

③more than+形容词或副词，意为“非常；十分；更加；岂止”。

He is more than selfish．他非常自私。

I am more than happy to hear that．听到这我非常高兴。

Her performance was more than good；it was perfect．

她的表演岂止是好，简直是完美无缺。

④more than + 动词，意为“十分；大大地；不仅仅”。

He more than smiled；he laughed outright．他岂止是微笑，他简直是大笑了。

⑤more than．”can／could，意为“不能……”。

The beauty of Hang zhou is more than words can describe．

杭州之美是语言所不能描述的。

That's more than l can tell you，Sir．这一点我是不能告诉您的，先生。

10.Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them.

经验丰富的编辑和记者对于该报道什么事件以及如何报道作出明智的决定。

e.g. a fallen tree一棵倒下的树 a broken chair一把破椅子stolen cultural relics被盗的文物

(2) informed adj. 明智的，有知识的，了解情况的

e.g. He is a well-informed man.他是个消息灵通的人。

inform的用法:

inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-…告知某人

inform sb.＋疑问词＋不定式

e.g. The singer informed us of their arrival.歌手们把他们到来的消息告诉了我们。

The nurse informed me that visiting hours were over.护士告诉我探病时间已经结束了。

Who informed you when to start? 是谁告诉你们出发时间的？

11.They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories.

他们还要确保报道的内容与读者的生活密切相关。

relate v.i. & v.t （和～）相关；涉及；把～与～关联起来

e.g. It is difficult to relate the two cases. 很难把两个案子联系起来。

We should learn to relate the results to the causes.

我们应该学会把结果与原因联系起来看问题。

Light industry is closely related to the people’s life.轻工业与人们的生活有密切的关系。

12.The two reporters agreed to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than the interviewers in order to let us know about their work and how the news we read in made.

两位记者同意交换角色，作一次受访者而不是采访者，让我们了解他们的工作，了解我

们读到的新闻是怎样制作和编写出来的。

(1) switch v. 转换，改变

e.g. He is always switching jobs. 他总变换工作。

He switched the recorder to the “off” position.他将录音机拧到“关”的位置。

(2) for once 就这（那）一次

e.g. For once they broke the rule.这一次，他们违规了。

For once our manager came late. 我们的经理这次来晚了。

He beat me for once.他只有一次赢了我。

(3)rather than”而不是；而没有”

rather than很像一个连词，前后常用一种平行结构，即前面用名词，后面也跟名词；

前面用动词原形，后也要接动词即要求前后成分要一致。

He decided to write to rather than (to) phone.他决定写信而不打电话了。

I’d like to go there in autumn rather than in summer.我愿意秋天去那里而不愿意夏天去。

He was engaging in writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper.

他正忙着写信而不是看报纸。

He is an artist rather than a politician．他是一位艺术家，而不是政治家。

The colour seems green rather than blue．颜色好像是绿的，不是蓝的。

It ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter．

是你而不是我应该在这封信上签字。，

They were screaming rather than singing．他们在尖叫，而不是在唱歌。

He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper．

他在忙着写东西。而不是在读报纸。

She telephoned rather than wrote．她打了电话，而没有写信。

I am going to forget the whole affair，rather than cause trouble．

我打算把整个事情忘掉，而不是打算惹麻烦。

rather than后接动词不定式时，可省略不定式符号to.

She likes to keep things rather than(to)throw them away．

Rather than go there，I'd prefer to stay here on my own．

13.After the interview, the reporter must present the material in an organized way and make sure that the article reflects events and opinions truthfully.

采访后，记者一定要提交出组织严密的材料，并确保文章的真实反映事实和舆论。

(1) present vt.呈现；描述；介绍；赠送

e.g. When will you present your report?你什么时候提出报告？

The government presented cars to the hospitals. 政府向医院赠送了一些车。

Allow me to present Mr. Brown to you. 请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。

(2) reflect vt. 反映；表现；反射；映出

This letter is sure to reflect our real opinion.这封信会反映出我们的真实意见。

Does this letter reflect your real opinions? 这封信反映出了你真正的观点吗?

Her face reflected how angry she was．她的脸表示出她多么生气。

vt．反射；回响

The water reflected the sunlight．日光反射在水面上。

The mirror reflected the heat．那面镜子反射热气。

Mirrors reflect light.镜子能反射光线。

vt．映出；照出

The lake reflected the trees．湖面映现着树木的影像。

She was looking at her face reflected in the mirror．

她看着自己在镜中映出的脸

14.My favourite article is the one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.我最喜欢的文章是我写的一篇关于如何努力把被盗的文物带回中国。

(1) 本句中的one是代词，用来指代article。one常用来代替前文提到的一种可数的事物。

e.g. I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one? 指代可数名词复数用ones。

e.g. On the desk there is a red pencil and two black ones.

(2)effort n. [U,C]努力；艰难的尝试；努力的结果

e.g. He did it without effort.他毫不费力地完成那件事

[短语] make an effort努力，尽力 spare no effort不遗余力

15.I want to write about people you seldom read about, for example people who have AIDS or who are addicted to drugs.

我想报道那些你们很少能了解的人，如艾滋病患者或者是染上毒瘾的人。

(1) seldom adv. 很少；不常；难得

[扩展] 表示否定意义的状语位于句首时，句子通常采用倒装句。

e.g. Seldom does he quarrel with others.

Never did I dream of seeing him in America.

Never before have so many people come to see him.

Not a single word did she say.

(2)be / get / become addicted to sth. / doing sth.对…成瘾/成癖

e.g. It doesn’t take long to become addicted to these drugs.

服用这些毒品不要多长时间就会上瘾。

It’s a pity that her child has got addicted to smoking.真可怜，她的孩子抽烟上瘾了。

Some children are addicted to computer games / TV.(喻)

一些孩子玩电脑游戏/看电视上了瘾。

He is addicted to practicing Chinese Gongfu.他醉心于练习中国功夫。

16.We shouldn’t ignore what happens even if it is difficult for people to accept some stories.

即使人们对一些现象很难接受，我们也不应该无视眼前发生的事情。

(1) ignore v.t. 不理睬；忽视

e.g. You shouldn’t ignore your father’s advice.你不该无视父亲的忠告。

I tried to tell her but she ignored me.我打算告诉她，可是她不理睬我。

篇11：高二上英语知识(Unit1-Uni9) 知识（BII，U4）(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

▲call up召唤；回忆起；调动(力量、人员等)；(给……)打电话

The photograph called up memories of his childhood．

那张照片唤起了他童年时代的一些回忆。

The music calls up old times．这音乐让人回想起旧日时光。

He was called up right at the beginning of the war.

他是在战争刚一开始的时候被征召入伍的．

Don’t call me up in the morning．不要在早上给我打电话．

▲belong to 属于；是……的成员之一；此短语不可用进行式，也没有被动语态形式。

The car belongs to my uncle．这辆车是我叔叔的．

Who does this bag belong to? 这个提包是谁的？

I belong to the tennis club.我是这个网球俱乐部的会员．

Do you belong to any party?你有没有加入哪个政党?

但常用belong to的-ing形式作定浯

China is a country belonging to the third world．中国属于第三世界国家．

▲come into being出现；形成；产生

We don'1 know when the universe into being．我们不知道宇宙是何时开始存在的。

Later two more armies came into being. 后来又成立了两支部队，

Thus the first workers’league came into being. 这样第一个工人联盟就出现了．

Such custom came into long ago．这种风俗很久以前就有了，

▲ glory n.光荣；荣耀；壮观；[C]光荣的事或人

They fought for the glory of their con．try．他们为了国家的荣誉而战．

He did it for his own personal glory．他为了自己个人的荣誉做了那件事．

the glory of the sunset 落日的壮观

the glories of our past history我们历史上荣耀的事

He is glory to his profession．他是他所从事的专业的光荣，

▲comparison l比较；对照；类似

He made an interesting comparison between classical music and jazz．

他在古典音乐和爵士乐之间做了有趣的比较．

He made /drew several comparisons between the two poets．

他把那两位诗人做了若干比较。

I find the comparison of life to a voyage quite proper，

我觉得将人生比喻为航海十分贴切。

in／by comparison with “…比起来；与……相比”

Living in the country is cheap in comparison with the big cities.

与大城市相比，在乡下生活较便宜．

by comparison 相比之下”

He seems rather weak by comparison. 相比之下，他似平相当弱．

▲apart adv．相隔；相距；除去；单独地

Alice and her husband now live apart．艾丽丝和她的丈夫现在分居．

New York and Tokyo are thousands of miles apart．纽约和东京相隔敷干英里．

The fires broke out a few hours part. 前后两场火灾相隔几十小时。

They planted the trees three metres apart．他们每隔三米种一棵树．

She lives apart from her family. 她跟家人分开住。

A few little things apart．the party was a great success．

除了几件小事之外，那次聚会非常成功．

apart /aside from 除……之外，除开

Apart from a few faults．he is quite a good teacher.

除了几个缺点外，他是十很好的老师．

Apart from the coat, the dress doesn’t suit me.

姑且不论价格．这件衣服也不适合我穿，

▲contribute vt．贡献；捐献；投稿

He contributed a lot of money to the charity.他捐很多钱给慈善机构．

She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion．

她在这次讨论中提出很多好的意见．

He didn’t I contribute anything to world peace．他对世界和平毫无贡献。

I contributed several poems to a literary magazine.我投了几首诗给一本文学杂志。

vi.有贡献，有助于；促成：投稿

contribute to 为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿”

The fine weather contributed to the success of the voyage，

良好的天气助成了那次航行。

A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适度的运动有益健康．

The contribution of a highway wil1 contribute to the growth of the suburbs.

建造高建公路将有助于郊区的发展． I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute to magazines sometimes.

我的钱大部分是靠写书挣的，但找也确实给杂志社投过几次稿．

▲stand out突出；出色；引人注目

David stands out as a computer designer．大卫是十出众的计算机编程员。

He doesn’t stand out in a crowd，他在人群中并不引人注目．

The tower stood out against the blue sky．那座塔衬托着蓝天引人注目，

The hat stood out because of its strange shape．那顶帽子造型奇特而引人注目．

They were all attractive，but she stood out from the others．

她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力．

▲next to 几乎；常用于否定词之前。

The speech said next to nothing．这次演说几乎什么都设讲．

The dealer gave us next to nothing for our old car

买主几乎没给钱就买走了我们的旧车．

I knew next to nothing about electricity．对电我几乎是一无所知．

It’s next to impossible to drive in this traffic．

在这种交通状况下开车行驶几乎是不可能的．

▲1ight up点燃；点亮；照亮；使面有喜色；容光焕发

He lit up a cigarette before he began his speech．在开始讲话前他先点上一支烟。

Hundreds of candles lighted up the hall．几百支蜡烛照亮了大厅。

A smile lit up her face．她一笑表情为之开朗。

Her face lit up with joy．她因高兴而容光焕发。

The street lights have lighted up．街灯已点亮。

▲Look up(在字典、时刻表等中)查看；翻查；查找

I looked up(the meaning of)the word in my dictionary．

我在词典中查阅这个词(的意思)。

I often go to the library to look up the information l need．

我常到图书馆查找我需要的资料。

Look up the directory for his telephone number．在电话簿中找找他的电话号码。

absence n．不在；缺席；缺乏

After an absence seven years I went home．外出了年后我返回了故乡。

I soon noticed his absence from sch001．我很快便察觉到他缺课了。

Absence“rain caused the plants tO die．因缺少雨水导致植物枯死。

absence of mind 心不在焉”

His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident．

他驾车时心不在焉，几乎肇事。

In one's absence"某人不在时；某人外出时；背地里”

A lady called in your absence，sir．先生，你不在时，有位女士来访。

They spoke ill of the captain in his absence．他们在背地里说队长的坏话。

▲recommend vt．推荐；介绍；劝告；建议

He strongly recommended her to our firm for the post．

他极力推荐她给本公司担任这职位。

I can recommend her as a good secretary．

我可以推荐她为一名优秀的秘书。

Canyou recommend me a good lawyer?

你能推荐一位好律师给我吗?

recommend sb．to do sth．

相当于advise sb．to do sth．“建议某人去做某事，劝某人做某事”

I recommend you to see her at once．我劝你马上去看她。

The doctor recommended me to take a long rest．医生劝我长期休养。

Recommend doing sth．“建议做某事”

I recommend going by bus．我建议坐公共汽车去。

She recommended buying this dictionary．她建议买这本词典。

recommend后还可接that从句，从句中谓语动词用should + v.形式，should可省略。

He recommended that they(should)be set free．他建议释放他们。

The teacher recommended that we(should)read the novel.老师劝我们读读那本小说。

篇12：Unit 3-6 重点词组U5(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

1.an advertising firm; advertise for 登广告征求、找寻

2.complain to sb of/ about sth; make complaints

3.persuade sb (not) to do sth说服了; persuade sb into/ out of doing sth

4.in order (of) 按(….的)顺序

5.take … into consideration

consider doing考虑 consider sb/ sth to be/ as 认为，看作

6.make/take notes of 做笔记

7.make a list of = list

8.in charge of管理-in the charge of 在…的管理下

charge要价，索价charge (me) 300 for a haircut

charge sb with doing sth 指控某人accuse sb of sth

9.be to blame 应受到责备 Who is to blame for the broken glass?

blame sb for sth; blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人的头上

10.be concerned about关心，担忧

be concerned with 和..有关

concerned adj. 担忧的，担心的 concerned parents

有关的（后置定语）the people concerned

concerning 关于(介词) Concerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that…

11.take (full) advantage of 充分利用 have an advantage over sb 比…

12.on/ over the radio, by radio on the phone; over the phone; by phone

13.post张贴 poster海报 Please post up the notice.

14. react to起反应 (respond to); react on有影响，有作用

15.inform sb of sth通知 informed了解情况的，见闻广识的

16. critic n.批评者 criticize (vt.) criticism n.

critical adj. 批评性的;

危急的，紧要关头的，关键时刻的

at the critical moment

a matter of critical importance极为重要

a critical stage in his illness

17.associate …with联系 (NBA association)

结交Don’t associate with bad boys.

18.get across传播;被理解，让…听懂

19.appeal to投合（兴趣）The idea appeals to me.

呼吁，恳求I appeal to your sense of justice/ responsibility.

The government is appealing to everyone to save water.

求助于He appeals to me for help.

上诉 He appeals against the judge’s sentence.

n. His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.恳求，呼吁

The game has lost its appeal.吸引力

上诉权the right of appeal

20.keep an eye out for 当心，警惕

keep an eye on照看，照料

21.attract one’s attention to

pay attention to

draw one’s attention to吸引

devote one’s attention to专心于

fix one’s attention on

22.we differ from/ with(和) them on/about/over (关于)the question.

We differ in interests.(在某方面)

make a/ no/ some difference 有影响，有关系

23. attach …to…

1) 使附属于，使参加（某个团体）

The school is attached to (ZNU) Zhejiang Normal University.

I got lost so I attached oneself to another agency.

2)重视，认为…有重要性

He attaches great importance to study.

3)与…有关联

No blame attaches to him for the accident.

No blame can be attached to him…

be attached to喜欢，依恋

24.make a bargain with sb over sth关于sth和sb达成协议，做成交易

25.make sense有意义的 makes no sense 毫无意义

26.name sb as任命，指定

27.distinguish between A and B; distinguish A from B区别，辨别

distinguish oneself 表现突出

28.hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联的

高二上unit8-10词组(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇1：高二上unit8-10词组(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇2：高二上（unit 1-10）教案集(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇3：高二上unit 10语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇4：高二上Unit 9 语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇5：高二上unit 8语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇6：高二上unit 4语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇7：高二上unit 3 语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇8：高二上unit 7语言点教案(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇9：高二上英语知识(Unit1-Uni9)知识（BII，U9）(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇10：高二上英语知识(Unit1-Uni9)知识（BII，U2）(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇11：高二上英语知识(Unit1-Uni9) 知识（BII，U4）(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

篇12：Unit 3-6 重点词组U5(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

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