考研英语副词性连接词语法小讲

由IceCreamer 分享时间：2023-09-20 08:18:03 收藏本文

【简介】感谢网友“IceCreamer”参与投稿，今天小编就给大家整理了考研英语副词性连接词语法小讲（共7篇），希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!

篇1：考研英语副词性连接词语法小讲

考研英语副词性连接词语法小讲

副词性连接词

副词性质的连接词不能象连词一样分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。也就是说它们不能连接两个分句或引导从句。它们引导的句子与前面的句子之间要用分号或句号，而它们与引导的句子之间往往用逗号。副词性质的连接词在写作中常常使用，主要分为以下几类：

1.表示顺序的'，如first, in the first place, then, finally, inthe end等等。尤其要注意then. 如：

误：He graduated from college in , then hefound a job.

正：He graduated from college in 2003, and thenhe found a job.

Hegraduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

2.表示递进关系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore,moreover等。注意in addition 与in addition to 的区别：inaddition 是副词性质;而in addition to 是介词性质，后面必须接宾语。

3.表示转折关系的，如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on thecontrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 当成连词：

误：In 2003, the United States launched the waron Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD),however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.

正：In 2003, the United States launched the waron Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction(WMD). However, no WMD has been found inIraqso far.

篇2：考研英语名词性从句语法

语法在考研大纲中并做没有明确的说明，容易被忽视，但无论是阅读、完型填空，还是翻译，甚至写作，对语法的考查又是无处不在的。在完型填空中，严格地说，语法是可以作为考题出现的，例如选择连词或代词的题，我们就可以把它们当作语法的题型来解决。

这里我们先总结一下能够涉及到的从句。在考研英语中，总共有三大类型从句，即名词性从句，定语从句和状语。我们这里先看一下名词性从句。名词性从句就是指在句子中起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可以担任主语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。根据它在剧中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

1、主语从句

主语从句在复合句中充当主语，为了避免头重脚轻的情况，平衡句子结构，一般用it作形式主语代替处于从句，把主语从句置于句尾。在完型填空中，对主语从句的考查以形式主语it为主。例如：It did not matter what was done in the experiment。it 作形式主语，关系代词what引导的从句是句子真正的主语。句子含义为：实验中做什么无关紧要。

2、宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以作动词的宾语、介词的宾语。也可以用于动词+it+that 结构，由it 作形式宾语。例如：That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments. () 在这句话中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是that 引导的宾语从句。注意在这样的结构中，that是不可省略的。句子的含义为：这种行为使得法院的判决不太可能被视作公正无私。

3、表语从句

标语从句放在系动词后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句。引导表语从句的that通常可以省略。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain等。另外，常用的结构还有the reason…that(不用because)和it is because…例如：Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code. (2012)这句话中，that从句作连系动词is的表语，说明“问题是什么”。句子的含义为：部分为题在于法官不受道德规范的制约。

4、同位语从句

同位语从句在完型填空中出现的次数很多，广大考生要引起注意。同位语从句用于对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。能接同位语从句的应为表示抽象概念的名词，如：idea, belief, fact等。同位语从句一般由that 引导，但也可以用关系代词(what, which, who)、关系副词(when, where, why, how)或者whether …引导。例如：Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. (2010) 在这句话中，句子的主干为no systematic evidence was found，句首Contrary to 作状语， that引导的同位语从句置于谓语部分后。句子的含义为：与所记载的描述相反，没有系统的证据证明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联。

以上，我们梳理了一下名词性从句的四种从句。广大考生在复习的时候，要做好区分。祝各位同学复习顺利，考试成功。

篇3：英语词性语法总结

英语词性语法总结归纳

一.名词

I. 名词的种类：

专有名词	普通名词
国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称	可数名词	不可数名词
个体名词	集体名词	抽象名词	物质名词

II. 名词的数：

1. 规则名词的复数形式：

名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：

规则	例词
1	一般情况在词尾加-s	map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2	以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es	class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3	以-f或-fe结尾的词	变-f和-fe为v再加-es	leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s	belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4	以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es	party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5	以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s	toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6	以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词	一般加-es	hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s	piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可	zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7	以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s	radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8	以-th结尾的名词加-s	truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

2. 不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：

规则	例词
1	改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式	man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2	单复数相同	sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3	只有复数形式	ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4	一些集体名词总是用作复数	people, police, cattle, staff
5	部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）	audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6	复数形式表示特别含义	customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7	表示“某国人”	加-s	Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形	Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women	Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8	合成名词	将主体名词变为复数	sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数	grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数	women singers, men servants

III. 名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

1. ’s所有格的构成：

单数名词在末尾加’s	the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
复数名词	一般在末尾加’	the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s	the children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’	Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s	Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s	Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略	the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

2. ’s所有格的用法：

1	表示时间	today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
2	表示自然现象	the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
3	表示国家城市等地方的名词	the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry
4	表示工作群体	the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
5	表示度量衡及价值	a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
6	与人类活动有特殊关系的名词	the life’s time, the play’s plot
7	某些固定词组	a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)

3. of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students

用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed

二.冠词

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法：

1	指一类人或事，相当于a kind of	A plane is a machine that can fly.
2	第一次提及某人某物，非特指	A boy is waiting for you.
3	表示“每一”相当于every，one	We study eight hours a day.
4	表示“相同”相当于the same	We are nearly of an age.
5	用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事	A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6	用于固定词组中	A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7	用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后	This room is rather a big one.
8	用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后	She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

II. 定冠词的用法：

1	表示某一类人或物	The horse is a useful animal.
2	用于世上独一无二的事物名词前	the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3	表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事	Would you mind opening the door?
4	用于乐器前面	play the violin, play the guitar
5	用于形容词和分词前表示一类人	the reach, the living, the wounded
6	表示“一家人”或“夫妇”	the Greens, the Wangs
7	用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前	He is the taller of the two children.
8	用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前	the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9	用于表示发明物的单数名词前	The compass was invented in China.
10	在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代	in the 1990’s
11	用于表示单位的名词前	I hired the car by the hour.
12	用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前	He patted me on the shoulder.

III. 零冠词的用法：

1	专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前	Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2	名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制	I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3	季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前	March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4	表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前	Lincoln was made President of America.
5	学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前	He likes playing football/chess.
6	与by连用表示交通工具的名词前	by train, by air, by land
7	以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时	husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8	表示泛指的复数名词前	Horses are useful animals.

三.代词：

I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：

1	人称代词	主格	I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格	me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2	物主代词	形容词性	my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性	mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3	反身代词	myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4	指示代词	this, that, these, those, such, some
5	疑问代词	who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6	关系代词	that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7	不定代词	one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

II. 不定代词用法注意点：

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。

I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?

2. each和every:

each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.

Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。

There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.

None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,

the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.

四.形容词和副词

I. 形容词：

1. 形容词的位置：

1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：

1	修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时	nobody absent, everything possible
2	以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后	the best book available, the only solution possible
3	alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置	the only person awake
4	和空间、时间、单位连用时	a bridge 50 meters long
5	成对的形容词可以后置	a huge room simple and beautiful
6	形容词短语一般后置	a man difficult to get on with

2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：

代词

数词

性状形容词

冠词前的形容词

冠词

指示代词

不定代词

代词所有格

序数词

基数词

性质

状态

大小

长短

形状

新旧

温度

颜色

国籍

产地

材料

质地

名词

all

both

such

the

this

another

your

second

one

four

beautiful

good

poor

large

short

square

new

cool

black

yellow

Chinese

London

silk

stone

3) 复合形容词的构成：

1	形容词+名词+ed	kind-hearted	6	名词+形容词	world-famous
2	形容词+形容词	dark-blue	7	名词+现在分词	peace-loving
3	形容词+现在分词	ordinary-looking	8	名词+过去分词	snow-covered
4	副词+现在分词	hard-working	9	数词+名词+ed	three-egged
5	副词+过去分词	newly-built	10	数词+名词	twenty-year

II. 副词

副词的分类：

1	时间副词	soon, now, early, finally, once, recently	5	频度副词	always, often, frequently, seldom, never
2	地点副词	here, nearby, outside, upwards, above	6	疑问副词	how, where, when, why
3	方式副词	hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really	7	连接副词	how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
4	程度副词	almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather	8	关系副词	when, where, why

III. 形容词和副词比较等级：

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.

5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

让孩子们在暑假受益匪浅(双语阅读)

How to make your children have a lot benefited on summer vacation?

怎样让孩子们在暑假受益匪浅呢?

1. Remind them of previous times they overcame a fear

他们克服了恐惧的时候提醒他们

Reminding your child of a previous occasion where they were afraid to try something, but ended up enjoying it, can give them a little boost of confidence in their own abilities.

提醒你的孩子以前他们害怕尝试，但最终享受了它，可以给他们一个小表扬来提高他们对自己的能力的信心。

2. Avoid comparing them to others

避免把他们与别人进行比较

Focus on your child, and what fears it is that they are aiming to overcome. Making continual comparisons to other kids can be unhelpful and may make your child feel inadequate.

关注你的孩子，看看他们害怕什么。让其他孩子与你的孩子持续的比较可以说是无益的，还可能会让你的孩子感到不满足。

3. Teach them to recognize valid fears

教他们正确的认识恐惧

While overcoming fears is important, we need to remember that some fears are perfectly valid and healthy. If your child is afraid of jumping into a river full of crocodiles, then that’s good, that’s a fear that you don’t want them to overcome. Teach them to recognize the difference between important life-saving fears, and irrational fears, by talking through risks and consequences.

然而克服恐惧是很重要的，但我们需要记住一些恐惧是完全有效和健康的。如果你的孩子害怕跳入有很多鳄鱼的河中，那很好，这是一个你不想让他们克服的恐惧。通过讨论风险和后果来教他们识别重要的拯救生命的恐惧，和非理性的恐惧的区别。

4. Show them how facing a fear can be done in small steps

告诉他们如何通过小的步骤面对恐惧

Sometimes the best way to overcome a fear is to leap right into it, other times though it’s better to tackle it slowly and gently. Be guided by your child on this, if the fear is overwhelming for them, then show them how it can be approached in small stages, only moving on to the next stage when a certain comfort level is reached. Plan the stages with them ahead of time so that they are clear on what is going to happen, and don’t spring surprises on them or they won’t trust you next time.

有时克服恐惧最好的办法就是飞跃跳过，其他时候最好慢慢地轻轻地解决它。通过这样来引导你的孩子，如果他们的恐惧是压倒性的，然后向他们展示如何走近一小步，只有移动到下一个能达到一定的舒适度阶段。提前计划，以便他们清楚会发生什么，也不要有什么惊喜否则下次他们不会信任你。

5. Constantly remind them that they’re not alone

不断地提醒他们，他们并不孤单

Probably the most important one is to remind them regularly that they don’t have to face their fears alone. If they feel secure in the knowledge that you will be there for them whatever the outcome, this will grow their fearless mindset and help give them the confidence to move forward.

最重要的是不断地提醒他们，他们不必独自面对他们的恐惧。如果他们觉得安全，无论他们结果如何，你都会在这里，这将增加他们的无所畏惧的心态，帮助增加他们前进的信心。

篇4：介词语法小讲

关于介词语法小讲

介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词，它不能单独作句子成分，后接名词、代词等作其宾语。

一、介词搭配

介词常与名词、动词、形容词等搭配。

(一)与名词搭配

如：

in deficit (赤字，逆差)

approach to (……的方法)

in the wake of (紧紧跟随，随着……而来)

from scratch (从零开始)

例句： China also signed a long?term trade agreement with the EEC in 1978 while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of 1979.

分析：该句是并列句。

译文： 1978年中国还与欧洲经济共同体签署了长期贸易协议;随着1979年初与美国外交关系正常化的到来，中国与美国的贸易也迅速增长。

(二)与动词搭配

如：

move along (沿着)

bustle about (匆忙)

buoy up (上升)

rein in (抑制)

pass down (使流传)

例句： The decline was partly caused by India?s reining in of its budget deficit and the short?term effects of the implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures.

分析：该句是简单句。

译文：衰退的部分原因是印度抑制其预算赤字及推行强有力的紧急稳定措施的短期效果。

例句： Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage， either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father?s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. (选自Text 2)

分析：该句是复合句，句子主干是most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either...or...引导的.并列短语作a single lineage的同位语，which is passed down only from mothers是一个修饰mitochondrial DNA的非限制性定语从句。

译文：然而，许多血统检测仅仅考虑一个单一的血统，要么是遗传来自父亲家庭里的Y染色体，要么是仅从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。

(三)与形容词搭配

如：

amenable to (对……负责)

conducive to (对……有益)

awkward for (对……不便，对……不合适)

例句： Korea traditionally has made things awkward for foreigners in terms of its financial systems, its real estate laws and so forth.

分析：该句是简单句。

译文：韩国传统上一直在金融体制、不动产法等方面让外国人感到极不方便。

篇5：考研英语写作常用逻辑连接词

考研英语写作常用逻辑连接词

英语文章强调文字之间的严格逻辑关系，这些逻辑关系通过逻辑连接词来具体体现。因此，考生需要掌握丰富的`词汇，有助于文章的组织结构，从而为文章增色。

因果关系：… and so…; another important factor/reason …; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that… ; in view of; owing to; since; so; … so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently

并列关系：and; also; as well as; both … and …; either… or …; neither… nor …; not only… but also…; in the same way; too （来源：考研教育网）

序列关系: first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon

递进关系：accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as… is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second place…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not… but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…

时空关系：afterwards; as soon as; at least; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not … until; later; formerly; previously; prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then

转折关系：yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of

条件关系：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless （来源：考研教育网）

重复关系：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above

比较关系：apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarly important; equally; when compared with; when in fact…

举例关系：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take… as an example; you may say

对比关系：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand… on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while

强调关系：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is; （来源：考研教育网）

总结关系：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; hence; all in all

篇6：考研英语重点语法小总结

2013考研英语重点语法小总结

考研英语是一项很复杂的工程，构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考研英语中的基础是什么呢？毋庸置疑，对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。语法基础不好，想要在考研英语中获取高分是不太可能的，倘若你的基础还不够好，笔者建议的考生务必扎扎实实，攻克语法关。对于考研英语难说，在语法的构造上有其自身的特点，实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解，所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢，各个击破考研英语中的语法难点，为顺畅解题做好铺垫。

一、虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点：动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。

Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. （ TEXT1）

这是个含有同位语从句的'复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。

参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。

二、省略

省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分的

Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（，翻译）

参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。

分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.

三、从句

从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句；定语从句功能相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句；而状语从句功能相当于副词，称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候，它会成为一个考点，所在在做题的时候，一定要辨清它到底是什么从句，正确地翻译出来。

例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.（，翻译）

分析：本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。

总之，这是在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法，它们重点中的重点，每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中，希望广大考生引起足够重视，各个击破！

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