英语定语从句的认知以及翻译英语论文

【简介】感谢网友“红罐可口可乐”参与投稿，下面是小编为大家整理的英语定语从句的认知以及翻译英语论文（共14篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

篇1：英语定语从句的认知以及翻译英语论文

英语定语从句的认知以及翻译英语论文

本文作者从研究“and”字句的语义功能入手，认为此类定语从句从翻译方面考虑的话，形合中蕴含着意合。这一观点可以帮助学生深入认识定语从句并且更灵活掌握其翻译技巧。

从英语的主从复合句范畴来看，比例出现较高的要数定语从句和状语从句，而对于这两类句子的认知理解与翻译又是大学生学习英语的难点之一，主要是由于此两类从句的表层结构与其相对应的语义内涵存在冲突。在学习过程中，学生进行翻译时只是抓住了表层的语法构造，而对深层语义内涵理解得不够深入，因此汉译的结果只能是抓不住要旨，不能表情达意，而且文字很是拘谨别扭。鉴于此，本文将就“and”字句的理解及其翻译进行探讨。

“and”字句：形合中蕴含着意合

关联词语(connectives)的出现使得语言表达更为严谨和丰富，在英语中关联词语“and”出现最早，并且在现代英语中仍广泛应用，用于表达前后两者的关系，比如因果关系、让步关系、目的关系等。下面以例子进行说明：

1.因果关系

The weather is good and we can go camping.天气不错，我们可以去野营。

2.条件关系

Think it over again and you will find a way out.再想一想，你就会找到办法。

3.目的关系

Go and tell your father the truth.请你去把真实情况告诉你父亲。

4.让步关系

I could not make her study hard，and I had repeatedly persuaded her to do so.虽然我屡次劝说她要努力学习，但是她却无动于衷。

5.时间关系

The boy smiled to me and ran away.那个男孩冲我笑了笑，然后跑开了。

6.对比关系

Jim likes music and his sister is fond of sports.吉姆喜欢音乐，而他的妹妹则爱好体育运动。

7.列举关系

The weather is good and the spring wind blows gently.天气晴好，春风和煦。

8.补叙关系

She lost one leg in the accident，and the left one at that.她在事故中失去了一条腿，而且还是左腿。

上述八个例子对“and”字句表达的逻辑关系进行了较为全面的阐述。我们可以这样理解，把以上句子视为意合句，“and”前后连接的部分不仅在形式上平等并列，更为重要的是其间的逻辑关系也被紧密联系起来了。那么我们来从英语汉译角度进行研究，从主从句的逻辑关系入手，会有趣的发现：在定语从句中，如果限定语的限定作用不是很突出的话，连接主从句的关联词可以用“and”进行连接，即“and”字句。这样的话，从翻译角度来说，为了达到传神的翻译效果，不能禁锢于表层的句子构造，而应抓住意合，更加准确地译出句子所要表达的逻辑意义。接下来就要阐述几种翻译法。

定语从句的汉译方法

1.前置法

一般而言，英语的定语从句置于先行词后，而对于汉语来说，被修饰成分放在定语之后，用汉字“的”来连接。前置法主要适用于限定性定语从句。比如：

This is a problem that needs deeper discussion.这是一个需要进一步讨论的问题。

My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.我的父亲和他的老师谈论了很多他们能够回忆起来的往事和故人。

Is there anything that you want to buy?有没有什么你想要买的.东西?

除了限定性定语从句外，有些非限定性定语从句同样在解释先行词。倘若这样的从句简短，一样可以使用前置法。例如：

She is always careless，which we should not be.我们可不应该像她那样总是马虎大意。

另外，限制性定语从句偶尔性的也会放在修饰语后边。例如：

But there were still those who had not realized the preciousness of time.然而还是会有那么一些人不懂得珍惜时间。

2.拆译法

非限制性定语从句只是对先行词进行解释补充，主从句之间有意合关系。汉译过程中，不用前置法，而是依照原来句子的顺序进行处理。以下分几种情形：

(1)表示“反差”或“转折”，可以理解为but或while引导的并列句。在翻译过程中，使用“然而”“但是”进行衔接，不过有时也可以省略掉。比如：

He insisted that he had succeed，which I suspected.(which I suspected=but I suspected)他坚持说他成功了，对此我表示质疑。

He is an artist，which I am not.(which I am not=while I am not)他是一位艺术家，而我不是。

The sky at night，which was full of stars，turned to a rainy day.(=The sky at night was full of stars but turned to a rainy day.)夜晚还满天星光，可是第二天却下起了雨。

(2)表示“补充陈述”或“继续说明”，可以理解为“and”引导的并列分句或者一个独立的简单句。按上述情况进行改写时需要考虑两种情况：一是在主句后直接接由“and”改写的从句;二是把主谓语中间的定语从句变为第一个并列分句，第二个并列分句由“and”连接的原来的主句。在翻译过程中，上述两种情形都可以不改变语序，也可以不用添加关联词。例如：

Then he met his teacher who asked him some questions about his classmates.(who asked him some questions about his classmates=and his teacher asked him some questions about his classmates)后来他遇见了他的老师，老师问了他一些关于他同学的问题。

He is very fond of English，which indeed he speaks well.(which indeed he speaks well=and indeed he speaks well)他非常喜欢英语，确实讲得不错。

篇2：英语定语从句翻译句子

1. 正在跑步的男孩是我的好朋友。

2. 他是我们正在寻找的男孩。

3. 昨天给我们上课的妇女是他的姑姑。

4. 她是我们昨天帮助的女孩。

5. 正在打扫校车的女孩是我们的班长。

6. 他是我所见到最高的学生。

7. 这是我去年买的手表。

8. 他是刚才唱歌的男孩。

9. 正在游泳的女孩是我们的同学。

10. 他是在医院里帮助过我的医生。

篇3：英语定语从句翻译句子

1、这是我昨天买的自行车。

2、他是我昨天遇见的男。

3、你昨天给我买的书很有趣。

4、这是我想要的钢笔。

5、那是他正在照顾的小孩。

6、正站在柜台后的女士是我妈妈。

7、在桌子上的书是我的。

8、这是我们买玩具的商店。

9、这是帮助过我的男人。

10、他是买这本书的男士。

篇4：英语定语从句翻译句子

1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that B. who C. whom D. this

2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. who B. which C. who D. /

6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which B. that C. / D. it

7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A. which B. in which C. that D. all

8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who

9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. this

10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.

A. who B. whom C. which D. /

11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.

A. was B. were C. is D. are

12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.

A. whom B. who C. / D. he

13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.

A. who live next door B. which lives next door

C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door

14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.

A. which B. whom C. that D. who

15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.

A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there

16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.

A. what B. which C. as D. ./

17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.

A. in that B. when C. where D. there

18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A. where B. in that C. that D. which

篇5：定语从句翻译句子

自由式定语从句

自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。

Examples:

Thus the Arab Umayyed Dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medina to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯麦伍德哈里发王朝阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团；该王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

阿拉伯麦伍德王朝的统治者们征服了……，于661年将首都从麦地那迁往大马士革，但此后他们便成了不折不扣的寄生虫。

嵌套式定语从句

嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的`定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。

Examples:

Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

东边也是塞尔柱突厥人。他们从自己的家乡中亚地区来到伊斯兰教帝国，充当了巴格达哈里发的雇佣军。

并列式定语从句

并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。

Examples:

This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.

这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。

一主二仆式定语从句

Examples:

The old ways of earning a living was rivaled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power.

古老的谋生之道正受到新农业技术、新贸易和新行业的挑战。其中，这些新兴的行业使用一些奇怪的机器。这些机器无需传统的人力和畜力，非常节省劳动力。

And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.

它有助于说明，为什么发源于中国的许多发明和希腊罗马人所知道的许多发明，只是在西欧人手中才得到全面发展和充分利用。

Consequently the manor was a self-sufficient village that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.

因而，采邑是靠农奴经营的自给自足的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活教俗封建集团。

Not Surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

毫不奇怪，苏丹出现了最复杂的政治组织，在那里，长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响最为强烈。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

苏丹的长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响也最大。在那里出现最为复杂的政治组织是毫不奇怪的。

Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society ... where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease is brought under control; and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities.

我们的目标是要在加纳建立一个强大、进步的社会......在这里，贫困和文盲不再存在，疾病得到控制；在这里，我们的教育机构为加纳所有的孩子提供发展他们的潜力的最好机会。

Even so the Lisbon government admitted in MARCH 1970 that a major attack had been launched by guerrillas who were armed with mortars and automatic weapons and who inflicted “many” Portuguese casualties.

即使如此，里斯本政府仍于1970年3月承认，配备迫击炮和自动武器的游击队已发动了一次大规模的进攻，使葡萄牙人蒙受“重大”伤亡。

At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.

Chinese Translation No.1:

处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，种族混合十分广泛，而且正在继续进行，因此，种族歧视较少。

Chinese Translation No.2:

最为典型的则要数夏威夷和巴西了。在这两个地方，种族混合非常普遍，而且将会有增无减；而相对来说，种族歧视问题就不怎么严重了。

He was also an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the “nationalist“ Hungarian Communists.

他还是一位老牌的斯大林主义者，曾在两次世界大战之间的时期内在匈牙利监狱呆了，因而这时不愿与”民族主义的“匈牙利共产党人分享权力。

Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。

Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.

在20世纪以前,小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点,因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。

Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.

虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式,但是行星的数目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

Taking his cue from Ibsen’sA Doll’s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.

易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走,因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示,从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己,她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。

篇6：考研英语定语从句翻译技巧

根据我们的统计，从1994年开始到的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句，占到了55.3%的比例，一半还要多的比例!因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以定语从句翻译的好坏直接影响到广大考生考研翻译的分数

我们知道，能够作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语，还有从句也可以作定语，那么这种从句我们称之为定语从句。

英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用，作用相当于形容词，那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时，我们把定语从句分为两类，一是限制性定语从句，一类是非限定性定语从句。那么，什么是限定性定语从句，简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制，表示“….的人或是物”，

举个例子来说：He is a man whom you should marry. 在这个句子中，如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry. 这个句子意思就不完整，甚至可以说是不成立了。

而非限定性定语从句，顾名思义，这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用，而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用，与主句的关系并不密切，拿掉非限定性定语从句，主句意思照样成立。

举个例子来说：He is my father, who love me deeply. 在这个句子中，如果去掉这个“who love me deeply.”非限定性定语从句，He is my father，这个主句照样成立，意思也不会受到太大影响。

而定语从句种类的不同，我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。

一 、前置法

当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。

我们看一个的一个句子。

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。

译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。

再比如：

98 年71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。

译文： 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

二、单独成句

当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候，往往也要单独成句。

比如：

64) Tylor defined culture as ”... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.“

在这个句子中，whole后面是一个很长的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂，所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。

译文：泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。

再比如：

61题：The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(非限定性定语从句)

“which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before 引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root，在状语从句中又包含了一个由how 引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语。句中Take root in 作“ 扎根“讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的，所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。

译文：“希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系，这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。”

三、融合法

把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，定语从句译成谓语。

这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be”句型中。

There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。

There are many people who are interested in the new invention.很多人对这项发明感兴趣。

这种定语从句在已经考过的试卷中还没有出现，所以，大家先掌握了具体的方法就好了!

四、状译法

英语中有些定语从句, 不仅仅起到一个定语修饰的作用，而且在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系, 表示原因、让步、转折等等关系。所以广大考生在翻译的时候，应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。

比如：

97 年71) Actually,it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

在这个句子中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account，而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句，修饰something。这个定语从句在这里有一个转折的逻辑关系在里边，所以要翻译出来!

译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

篇7：考研英语 定语从句翻译指导

考研英语 定语从句翻译指导

1.前置定语

71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago。

结构分析：这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句(参见1995年71题)，在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。

译文： 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。

结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的：They are…, and they are；in which引导定语从句，修饰practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定语从句的谓语，given前面省略了助动词is。

译 文： 自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

它们(自由和尊严)对于那种要求个人对自己的行为负责并因为其业绩而受到赞扬的做法来说，是必不可少的。

2.独立成句

当译成前置定语会使句子变得臃肿，妨碍理解的时候，最好让其独立成句。

94(72)”In short“, a leader of the new school contends, ”the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.“

新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”

contend坚决主张，声称[Y][+(that)]

The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe。

警察强调说他们面临的困难太严重了。

He left his job largely because he was homesick。.他辞职不干主要是因为他想家。

We have countless reasons against his plan。我们有举不胜举的理由反对他的计划。

96 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail。

基本结构：简单句+时间状语从句(主语+谓语+宾语+同位语从句(主语the specific demands +定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment+谓语cannot generally be foreseen in detail)

基本结构试译：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：……

译 文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

注意：不要将when引导的定语从句与时间状语从句相混淆，当然也就不能when引导的定语从句翻译成“当… 时候”。When引导定语从句前面一般是表示时间的'词作为先行词，如果是过去时，when译成“其时、届时”“当时”“在那个时候”，如果是将来时态，则译成“到时”“届时”，有时候还可以译成“然后”“随后”。

The Queen will visit the small town in April, when she will open the new hospital。

女王将于四月访问小镇，到时，她将主持这家新医院的开业仪式。

I expect to stay here no more than two days, when I shall return。

我预计在那儿呆两天，随后就回来。

99 71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past。

结构分析：这是一个复合句。While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians整个这一部分是让步状语从句，其中第一个as是程度副词，第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句there are historians；modern practice most closely conforms to one是主谓宾结构的主句；that sees history as the attempt是修饰one的定语从句，to recreate and explain the significant events of the past是不定式短语做名词attempt的后置定语。

译文：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

[我们的翻译]：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，而现代实践最符合这样一个定义，该定义把历史看作是重现和解释过去的重要事件的尝试。

There are almost as many job opportunities as there are college graduates。

几乎每个大学毕业生都有就业机会。

01 73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place。

结构分析：这是一个复合句。Pearson has pieced together the work是主谓结构的主句，of hundreds of researchers是介宾短语做定语修饰名词work，around the world则是介宾短语修饰名词researchers，to produce a unique millennium technology calendar是不定式短语做结果状语，that引导定语从句修饰名词calendar，when引导定语从句修饰dates。这里的when相当于by which，因此不能翻译成“当… 时候”，而应该翻译成“通过这些日期”或者“到这些日期”(参见真题72)

译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

3.独立成句，且译出内含逻辑关系。

97 71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have。

结构分析：这是一个多重复合句。Actually,是副词做状语，修饰整个句子，it isn't,是主句，在because引导的原因状语从句中，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account，而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句，修饰something。

译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。由于二者在翻译时无大差异，所以讨论时不加严格区分。定语从句的译法一般有三种：

(1)译成含“的”字结构的定语，放在先行词之前。

由于定语从句的作用相当于定语，所以这种译法是最普遍的。

(2)采用“分译法”――单独成句

当定语从句与被修饰词之间关系不很紧密，且译为前置定语过于臃肿时，应该考虑将定语从句单独成句，具体做法是将关系词处理为先行词的重复。P1-72 P8-71

(3)独立成句，且译出内含逻辑关系。

He, who has been in this school for five years, is quite familiar with the campus。

因为在学校已经待了

篇8：英语定语从句简单句子

一、定义

定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。

二、定语从句的结构

定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which，that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。

(一)关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

(1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：

·Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中做主语)

·He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中做宾语)

(2)whose 用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如：

·They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

(3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如：

·A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

(二)关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

(1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

·There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

·Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

·Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

(2)that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

·His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.

他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

·He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

(三)限制性和非限制性定语从句

(1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

·This is the house which we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

·The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

(2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

·Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

·My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

·This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

(3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

·He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

·Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.

液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

(四)介词+关系词

(1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

(2)that前不能有介词。

(3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

·This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

这是我两年前住过的房子。

·This is the house where I lived two years ago.

·Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

·Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

(五)as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

·As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

·The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

【特别提示】as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

a)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

b)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

篇9：英语定语从句句子

一、定语从句汉译英句子

1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。

She is the girl who studies math hard.

2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。

He is the man whom/that we talked about just now.

3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。

This is the girl whose father is a policeman.

4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。

They live in a house whose windows face south.

5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天

I still remember the day when we first arrived in the city.

6、这就是我们以前住过的房子

This is the house in which/where we used to live.

7、他们来到一所农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩

They arrived at a cottage, in front of which sat a little boy.

8、我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了

I lost the pen that cost me 10 yuan.

9、那个女人住在楼下，她是个音乐家

The woman lives downstairs, who is a musician.

10、他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴

He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.

11.、众所周知，中国将在举办奥运会As we all know, china host the olympic games in . china host the olympic games in 2008, which we all know.

12、我永远记得我参军的那一天

I will always remember the day when I joined the army.

13、我们班有50个学生，三分之二是女生

There are 50 students in our class, 2/3 of whom are girls.

14、我们期望的那一天将很快来到

The day (that/which we expect) will come soon.

15、他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物

They are talking about the people and things that they saw in the park.

16、这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一

This is the one of the most famous scripts that was written in the 30s.

17.这正是我要为她买的礼物

This is the very present that I want to buy for her.

18、正在看电视的女孩是Kate.

The girl who is watching TV is Kate.

19、她就是照顾这些孩子的护士.

She is the nurse that took care of these children.

20、我遇见了告诉我这个消息的史密斯先生.

I met Mr. Smith, who told me the news.21、你认识我们在学校里遇见的老师吗?考试及答案

Do you know the teacher whom we met in the school?

22、她就是我们正在寻找的人.

She is the person we are looking for.

23、书包丢了的那个男孩叫Tom.

The boy is Tom who lost his bag.

The boy is tom whose bag was missing.

24、被叫到名字的男孩们站起来.

The boys whose names are called stand up please.

25、这就是你要的那本书。

This is the book you want.

26、那是我所见过的最大的地图.

This is the largest map that I have ever seen.

27、七八月份是天气很热的月份。

July and august are the months that are very hot.

28、它发生在我出生的那天。

It happened the day when I was born.

29、他昨天去了他曾经上过学的学校。

He went to the school where he used to studied.

30、你知道我们为什么早走吗?

Do you know the reason why we left early?

二、定语从句翻译句子

1.我们在医院一直照顾take care of的老太太死了.

The old lady whom we had taken care of in the hospital last year died.

2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。

The girl whom you want to marry stole your wallet yesterday.

3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。

The book that Mt. Sun wrote is the best book in the world.

4.你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。

The girl who you like is the girl who I like.

5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。

The man who was bit by my dog was bit by my dog today again.

6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因吗？

Do you know the reason for which he is going to marry you?

Do you know the reason why he is going to marry you?

7.我讨厌hate我住过的那个旅馆hotel。

I hate the hotel where I lived.

I hate the hotel in which I lived.

I hate the hotel I lived in.

8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天autumn。

I will never forget the autumn when I studied and lived with you.

I will never forget the autumn in which I studied and lived with you.

9.他爱了的那个女孩昨天嫁marry人了。

The girl whom he had loved for 20 years married someone yesterday.

10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。

She is the beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

11.有什么事我能帮你吗？

Is there anything that I can do for you?

12.昨天死的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。

The old lady who died yesterday left one million.

13.昨天那个医生告诉我他为我爹什么也做不了了。

The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothing that he could do for my father.

14.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页.

This is the page ,where you can find the answer.

This is the page ,which you can find the answer on.

15.正像老师昨天说的那样，他没有通过考试。

As the teacher told me yesterday, he didn’t pass the exam.

16.正像我们刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。

As we was discussing just now, it’s easy for us to study English.

17.正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样，我的女朋友根本不爱我。

As my mother told me yesteray , my girlfriend didn’t love me at all.

18.正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。

As you know, the money is very important.

19. 我们现在学的商务英语非常有用。

We are studying the business English, which is very useful for us In the future.

20.你知道你们家狗要死的原因吗？

Do you know the reason why your dog is going to die?

21. 她就是那个到明年年底，会攒一万美圆的那个女孩。

She is the girl who will have made ten thousand dollars by the end of nest year.

22. 你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？

Do you know the thief whom (who) the policeman has been looking for?

23. 昨天他告诉我，是谁吃了我的苹果，那个苹果是我妈妈给我买的。

Yesterday, He told me who had eaten my apple which my mother bought for me.

24. 自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸。

She has never seen her father since he was born.

25. 她昨天告诉我，自从他去年见到她父亲，就再也没有见过了。

Yesterday, she told me that she had never seen her father sine she was born

26. 你知道你们班长喜欢的那个是贼的女孩吗？

Do you know the girl who (whom) your monitor likes?

篇10：定语从句英语句子

attributive clauses

参考例句：

Let’s analyse these attributive clauses now.

下面一齐看看这些定语从句

Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence, using the second as an attributive clause.

把下列各对句子结合成一个句子，用第二句作为定语从句。

attributive是什么意思：

a. 归属的,归因的,定语的

n. 定语

The crown is an attribute of kingship.

王冠是王位的象征。

attributable costs of acquisition

可归属收购的成本

Modification of a constructed attribute is not allowed.

不允许一个构造att修改。

No fault can be attributed to him.

不能把错误归咎于他。

The drama is attributed to Shakespeare.

这戏剧被认为是莎士比亚所作的。

考查定语从句的六大考点

一、考查指物的关系代词的用法(重点)

当先行词为指物的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应用that或which，这是各地中考英语命题涉及最多的一个知识点。如：

1. People often like clothes ______ can make them look young.(湖南株洲中考题)

A. when B. who C. that

分析：C。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词clothes(衣服)是“物”，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that，故选C。

2. The English-Chinese dictionary ______ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.(江苏南京中考题)

A. whose B. when C. who D. that

分析：D。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词dictionary(词典)是“物”，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that，故选D。

3. The little boy was wrapping the present ______ would be sent to his teacher.(呼和浩特中考题)

A. who B. / C. what D. that

分析：D。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词present(礼物)是“物”，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that，故选D。

4. —What are you looking for?

—I’m looking for the ring ______ my husband bought me last year.(山东滨州中考题)

A. that B. who C. whom D. it

分析：A。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词ring(戒指)是“物”，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that，故选A。

二、考查指人的关系代词的用法(重点)

当先行词为指人的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应用that, who, whom——that和who可用作主语或宾语，而whom只用作宾语。这是各地中考英语命题涉及相当多的一个知识点(从数量上看，比考查指物的关系代词的用法要少一些)。如：

1. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.(山东泰安中考题)

A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

分析：A。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词people(人们)是“人”，同时关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以要用who，故选A。

2. Most students like the teachers ______ understand them well. (浙江嘉兴中考题)

A. who B. when C. what D. which

分析：A。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词teachers(教师)是“人”，同时关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以要用who，故选A。

3. Success will belong to those ______ never say “impossible”.(河南中考题)

A. whom B. what C. who D. which

分析：C。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词those(那些人)是“人”，同时在定语从句中作主语，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who，故选A。

4. —Do you know the girl ______ is helping the old woman.

—Oh, that’s my sister. (贵州黔东南州中考题)

A. whom B. whose C. who D. where

分析：C。考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词girl(女孩)是“人”，同时在定语从句中作主语，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who，故选A。

三、考查that与which的用法区别(一般重要)

虽然关系代词that和which都可用于引导定语从句，但是它们有一定的区别：

1. 当关系代词直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which(而不用that)。如：

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。

2. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that(而不用which)。如：

All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye. 剩下我所要做的就是告辞了。

They have everything that money can buy. 他们拥有金钱所能买到的一切。

3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that(而不用which)。如：

Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

4. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that(而不用which)。如：

This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

5. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that(而不用which)。如：

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

6. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that(而不用which)。如：

They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

请看以下真题实例：

One of the most delicious drinks ______ I like is orange juice. (湖北十堰中考题)

A. which B. that C. whose D. whom

分析：B。句中的先行词是drinks(饮料)，指“物”，按理说，此题选A和B均可。但事实上，此题只能选B，原因就是先行词drinks之前有最高级(the most delicious)修饰。

四、考查whose的用法(偶尔涉及)

关系代词whose在定语从句中主要用作定语，表示它所修饰的名词与先行词之间为所属关系。如：

There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。

I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。

值得注意的是，whose既可指人，也可指物，不要误以为它只用于指人。请看一道真题实例：

—There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?

—The one ______ hat is yellow.(湖北随州中考题)

A. who B. whose C. that D. which

分析：B。由于空格处所填的关系代词用作定语修饰hat，故选B。“The one whose hat is yellow.”的意思是“戴黄色帽子的那个(是我的妹妹)”。

五、考查关系副词的用法(偶尔考查)

用于引导定语从句的关系副词有三个，即when, where, why，它们分别表示时间、地点和原因，且它们在定语从句分别用作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。但是从近几年的中考英语试题来看，这类考题涉及得比较少。如：

This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.(四川宜宾中考题)

A. where B. when C. that D. which

分析：A。由于受定语从句修饰的名词the primary school(小学)表示地点，所以定语从句用where来引导(同时where在定语从句中用作地点状语)。句意为：这就是我三年前就读的小学。

但是，值得注意的是，不要一看到先行词是表示时间、地点或原因，就以为引导定语从句的一定是关系副词，有时还得要分析关系词在定语从句是用作状语(用关系副词)还是主语或宾语(用关系代词)。请看两道真题实例：

1. There will be a flower show in the park ______ we visited last week.(广东中考题)

A. who B. where C. what D. which

【答案】D。虽然先行词park(公园)表示“地点”，但此空格处不能填where，因为关系词在定语从句中不是用作状语，而是用作宾语(作动词visited的宾语)，故此题的答案是D，而不是B。

2. I still remember the time ______ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.( 湖北黄石中考题)

A. when B. what C. who D. which

【答案】D。尽管先行词time表示“时间”，但此空格处不能填when，因为关系词在定语从句中不是用作状语，而是用作宾语(作动词spent的宾语)，故此题的答案是D，而不是A。

六、综合考查关系代词和其他知识(偶尔考查)

有时命题者会将引导定语从句的关系词与其他知识综合在一起进行考查。这类试题难度很大，同时在中考试题也出现得不多。请看两个实例：

1.—Do you enjoy My heart will go on?

—No, I prefer songs______ loud.(四川达州中考题)

A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are

分析：C。由于先行词songs指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词可用that或which，但A、B、C均符合此要求，而不同的是，它们后面所接的谓语动词不同。那么到底该用is还是are呢?同学们此时就要注意先行词是单数还是复数了。对于此题而言，由于先行词songs是复数，所以其后定语从句的谓语也要用复数，故选C。

2. We all like the story about the teacher ______ happened in our school last week. (湖北咸宁中考题)

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

分析：A。初看一眼，同学们很可能认为此题的答案是B，因为定语从句的先行词好像是teacher啊!但是错了，因为teacher(老师)不能happened(发生)，而只有story(故事)才能happened(发生)，所以真正的先行词是story而不是teacher，由于命题者用about the about将定语从句与先行词分开，导致许多学生误选了B。

篇11：英语定语从句总结完整

英语定语从句总结完整

定语从句（Attributive clauses）

在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有：

（1）关系代词：先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose

先行词为物：which, that, whose

（2）关系副词：when, where, why

注意： 关系词起三个作用：①连接先行词和定语从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分 what不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。 例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.

I. 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 定语从句的构成: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句

人 物

主格 Who/ that Which/ that

宾格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that

定语 whose Whose: …of which

（1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的'名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

（2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。 例如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）

The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）

（3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如： Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.

（which / that在句中作主语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。

I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.

I know the reason why he came late.

篇12：英语定语从句试题

英语定语从句试题

单句改错

1．(·四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.

【答案与解析】what→that/which或去掉what 句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。先行词dishes在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that，which或省略关系代词。

2．(·广西)And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.

【答案与解析】that→as 句意：尽可能多交朋友是很明智的。本句是as...as...引导的定语从句，先行词是good friends，因为前面有as many修饰，所以关系代词使用as，指代先行词，并在句中作省略的have的宾语。

单句填空

1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，65)But my connection with pandas goes back tomy days on a TV show in the mid1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter.

【答案与解析】when 句意：……但是我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。先行词the mid1980s在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导定语从句。

2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，67)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the developmentof chopsticks.

【答案与解析】who 句意：一些人认为生活在大约公元前551年到479年之间的中国的伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展进程。所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。

3．(2016·浙江，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by ________ we see the world around us.

【答案与解析】which 句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的the basic processes，所以介词by后面用which。

4．(2016·浙江，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.

【答案与解析】which 句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个是被证明的`。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which”引导。

5．(2016·浙江，14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one ________ reflected my interest.

【答案与解析】that 句意：当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。先行词为the one，所以引导词要用that。

6．(2016·北京，22)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

【答案与解析】whose 句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们家的孩子们总是很喧闹。此处用引导词whose在定语从句中作定语修饰children。

7．(2016·天津，9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.

【答案与解析】when 句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空后是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词是表示时间的名词next week，故用when引导。

8．(·新课标Ⅰ，64)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings．

【答案与解析】that/which 句意：我没有参观附近的桂林——游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江黑水的理想的地点，它们被画家画到很多中国画中。因为先行词指物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。

9．(2015·北京，24)Opposite is St.Paul's Church，________you can hear some lovely music.

【答案与解析】where 句意：对面是圣·保罗大教堂，在那里，你可以听到美妙的音乐。因为先行词St.Paul's Church在非限制性定语从句中充当地点状语，所以这里使用where引导定语从句。

10．(2015·福建，34)ChinaTodayattracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

【答案与解析】which 句意：《今日中国》获得全世界读者的关注，表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。which引导非限制性定语从句代替前面整句话。

11．(2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

【答案与解析】which 句意：这真是一个令人高兴的地方，这个地方看起来和一百年前一样，有蜿蜒的街道和美丽的小屋。先行词a truly delightful place是物，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。

12．(2015·天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.

【答案与解析】where 句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都喜欢工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词，定语从句中缺少状语，故用where引导。

13．(2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers，________is reported，hasdropped by 17 percent in just one year.

【答案与解析】as 句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如……”。

14．(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.

【答案与解析】whose 句意：桌子上封面发光的那些书是给我们的奖品。引导词在定语从句中作定语修饰covers，故关系词用whose。

15．(2015·陕西，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.

【答案与解析】when 句意：作为家里最小的孩子，艾历克斯一直期盼他能够独立。先行词为时间名词the time，定语从句中缺少状语，所以填关系副词when。

16．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，67)Maybe you have a habit ________is driving your family crazy.

【答案与解析】that/which 句意：可能你有一个令你的家人发疯的习惯。habit后是一个定语从句，所填词引导该从句，且作主语，故用that或which。

17．(2014·山东，10)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

【答案与解析】whose 句意：国内市场利润下降的公司可以从国外市场上寻找机会。所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，故用whose。

18．(2014·江苏，22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.

【答案与解析】where 句意：这本书在日常交流方面对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作中。work在此为表示地点的名词，其后是一个定语从句；要填的词引导从句并在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。

19．(2014·湖南，31)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

【答案与解析】when 句意：我一直都在期待我的女儿能够读懂这本书并了解我对她的感情的那一天。要填的词引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的the day；从句缺少状语，故填when。

20．(2014·北京，26)I borrowed the book SherlockHolmesfrom the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.

【答案与解析】which 句意：上星期我从图书馆借阅了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》一书，它是我同学推荐给我的。逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，要填的词引导从句并在从句中作宾语，指事物，故填which。

21．(2014·重庆，9)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.

【答案与解析】that/which 句意：一个月内我们将要实现年初我们设定的销售目标。此处用that或which代替the sales targets 在定语从句中作set的宾语。

22．(2014·陕西，13)Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.

【答案与解析】that 句意：请你把你手头的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，定语从句先行词为all the information，故填that。注：which引导的定语从句不修饰用all修饰的先行词。

23．(2014·四川，4)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.

【答案与解析】which 句意：直到现在，我们已经为贫困的孩子筹集到了五万英镑，这真的出乎意料。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，指代上文提到的整件事情，故填which。

24．(2014·福建，31)Students should involve themselves in community activities________ they can gain experience for growth.

【答案与解析】where 句意：应该让学生参与社团活动，在活动中他们能够获得成长所需要的经验。分析句子结构可知，从空格处一直到句尾为定语从句，修饰先行词activities，并且先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

25．(2014·安徽，22)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was .

【答案与解析】that/which 句意：安吉拉和她家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为the exact year，在从句中作spent的宾语，指物，故填that或which。

篇13：英语定语从句说课稿

英语定语从句说课稿

一， 定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句前。引导定语从句的是关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose）和关系副词（when,where,why），它们既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分，如何使用关系代词或副词是根据先行词及其在从句中所充当的成分确定的。

二，关系代词引导的定语从句

注：如果关系代词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。

①China is a big country that/which has a history of about 5000 years.

②Phil who/that comes from England is an active boy.

③The doctor (who/whom) David saw at the hospital told me to stop smoking.

④We passed some shops whose windows were decorated for Christmas.

⑤Is this the book (that/which) he is looking for?

△重点

1.that,who和which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。（但whom/which前有介词时，whom/which不能省略）

e.g. The man (who/whom) my father is talking with is my teacher.

The man with whom my father is talking is my teacher.

2．关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时可跟介词一起放在先行词后面；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。但固定短语中的介词不要放在先行词前（如look for,look after,take care of等）

e.g. The boy who(m) she is looking after is her aunt’s child.

3.that与which先行词都可指物，that与who/whom先行词都可指人，很多情况可互换使用，但也有区别。

A.只用that不用which的情况

1）当先行词是指物的不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one时。

e.g. I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.

2)当先行词被(the)only,the very,the last,all,some,any,no,every,little,few,much等修饰时。

e.g. There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome.

3)先行词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。

e.g. The first lesson that we’re going to learn is very difficult.

4)先行词为两个及两个以上分别表示人和物的名词时。

e.g. We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

5)当主语是以who或which开始的疑问句时。

e.g. Who is the boy that was here just now?

6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

e.g. The village is no longer the poor place that it used to be.

7)先行词有the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。

e.g. This is the same pen that I used yesterday.

B.只用which不用that的情况

1）关系代词前有介词时。

e.g. This is the room in which we lived last year.

2)引导非限制性定语从句时。

e.g. His dog,which was very old,became ill and died.

3)先行词后有插入语时。

e.g. Here is the grammar book which,as I’ve told you,will help improve our English.

4)先行词本身是that时。

e.g. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

C.先行词指人，但只用who不用that的情况。

1）先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one,someone,anyone,no one,all,nobody,none,those等。

e.g. Those who are against put up your hands.

2)当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时。

e.g. The aunt who came to see me last week is my father’s sister.

3)当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中。

e.g. Mr.White is coming soon who will give us a talk.

4)whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom

e.g. We live in the room,whose window is broken.(=the window of which is broken.)

注意：which与whose作定语时的区别

which只用于非限制性定语从句，仅指物，且要修饰对先行词起概括作用的泛指名词；“whose+n.”与先行词不表示同一事物或情况。

e.g. ①Mary is studying Chinese,which knowledge is important now.

②The man whose wife is a housewife is from France.

△难点：关系代词as引导的定语从句

as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

引导限制性定语从句，常用于以下句式。

1） such+n.+as…：“像….一样的”

the same+n.+as…：“和…同样的”（指同类异物，同类同物用that）

e.g. ①These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.

② I want to buy the same cellphone as you bought.

The same customer that came here yesterday is here again.

2)…such as…

such意为“这样的人或物”，修饰先行词such.

e.g. This book is not such as I expect.

关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。

e.g. ①As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.

3．当定语从句放在主句后面时，也并非as永远等于which。

1）当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只用which。

e.g. He came here very late,which was unexpected(not expected).

2） 当as在从句中作主语时，后面常跟动词的被动式。如be known,be said,be reported,be announced等。若从句中动词是主动式，一般用which作主语。

e.g. ①She’s been absent again,as is expected.

②Tom has made great progress,which makes us very happy.

3)当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，只能用which引导定语从句。

e.g. Betty always tells a lie,which her parents find strange.

4)as多用于下列习惯用语中：

as anybody can see as is well-known=as is known to all

as we had expected as often happens

as has been said before as is mentioned above

as (it) seems likely as (it) pointed out

as I remember (it) as I understand (it)

as (it) appears

e.g. Jack has won the first prize,as it often happens.

三．关系副词引导的定语从句

1.先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。

1）先行词是“时间词语”，用when引导定语从句。when=表时间的介词（in,at,during等）+which

e.g. I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army.

2)先行词是“地点词语”，用where引导定语从句。where=表地点的介词（in,at,on,under等）+which

e.g. Can you tell me the office where(=in which) he works?

3)先行词是reason时，用why引导定语从句。why=for which

e.g. The reason why(=for which) he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.

△难点：高考对where的考查

where从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。即，当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事所发展的`stage，或表达某事的某个方面的都可用where这个关系副词。

e.g. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

四．关系代词与关系副词的比较

技巧：①分析句子结构，看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语还是作主语和宾语。

②看定语从句的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，或者是不及物动词+介词

e.g. This is the place ＿＿＿＿ he worked.

The city ＿＿＿＿＿＿ we visited is well known.

Do you know the reason ＿＿＿＿ he is absent.

I didn’t believe the reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿ he gave me.

We’ll never forget the day ＿＿＿＿＿＿ we spent in the village.

We’ll never forget the day ＿＿＿＿ we worked in the village.

The house ＿＿＿＿＿＿ we stayed in belonged to Mr.Black.

The house in ＿＿＿＿ we stayed belonged to Mr.Black.

五．限制性与非限制性定语从句

1.区别

限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用，且先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。

e.g. He gave up the plan,which was a very good one.

2.非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法

1）关系词在任何情况下都不能省略。

2）who（主语），whom（宾语），which（主语，宾语）不能用that代替，也不能互相替换。

3）“介词+which/whom+从句”结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面。

4）when,where可用于非限制性定语从句，why不可。

e.g. ①That student that the teacher thinks best played truant（逃学）yesterday,which made the teacher very disappointed.

②Some pre-school children go to a day-care center,where they learn simple games and songs.

六．定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。

1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词

e.g. The Great Wall is one of the famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.

2.the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词

e.g. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.

注意： not the only one of…=one of…

e.g. Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.=

Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.

3．当as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. Great changes have taken place in Zunyi,as/which is known to all.

七．注意way和time后接定语从句的情况

1.当先行词是way意为“方式、方法”时，关系词又是作状语时，用in which/that/不填；若关系词作宾语时，用that/which/不填。

e.g. The way ＿＿＿＿＿＿ he explained to us was quite simple.

The way ＿＿＿＿＿＿ he explained the sentence to us was difficult to understand.

2.当先行词是time时，若作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，而且可省略；若作“一段时间”讲，应用when或at/during+which引导定语从句。

e.g. ①I could hardly remember how many times ＿＿＿＿ I’ve failed.

②This was at a time ＿＿＿＿＿＿ there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.

篇14：定语从句造句带翻译

1、自由式定语从句

自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。

Examples:

Thus the Arab Umayyed Dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medina to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯麦伍德哈里发王朝阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团;该王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革 。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

阿拉伯麦伍德王朝的统治者们征服了……，于661年将首都从麦地那迁往大马士革，但此后他们便成了不折不扣的寄生虫。

2、嵌套式定语从句

嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。

Examples:

Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国;在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

东边也是塞尔柱突厥人。他们从自己的家乡中亚地区来到伊斯兰教帝国，充当了巴格达哈里发的雇佣军。

3、并列式定语从句

并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的.简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。

Examples:

This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.

这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击;因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。

【定语从句的翻译技巧】

一、前置法

当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003)

本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。

译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。

But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71)

这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。

译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

二、单独成句

当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来,放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候，往往也要单独成句。

Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (2003,64)

在这个句子中，whole后面是一个很长的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂，所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。

译文：泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004,61)

“which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root，在状语从句中又包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语。句中Take root in作“扎根“讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的，所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。

译文：“希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系，这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。”

三、融合法

把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，定语从句译成谓语。这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be”句型中。

There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.

楼下有人要见你。

There are many people who are interested in the new invention.

很多人对这项发明感兴趣。

四、状译法

英语中有些定语从句,不仅仅起到一个定语修饰的作用，而且在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系,表示原因、让步、转折等等关系。所以广大考生在翻译的时候，应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。

比如：

Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.(1997,71)

在这个句子中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account，而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句，修饰something。这个定语从句在这里有一个转折的逻辑关系在里边，所以要翻译出来!

译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。