冠 词 篇 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
【简介】感谢网友“shenshen1989”参与投稿，这次小编给大家整理了冠 词 篇 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（共19篇），供大家阅读参考。
篇1：语法专项系列之一冠词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法专项系列之一
冠词
1. 种类: 定冠词和不定冠词及零冠词.
2. 冠词与可数名词搭配表示类别
有三种: 不定冠词+名词(强调任何一个) , 定冠词+名词(强调整个类属), 名词的复数形式.
3. 在发明物前用the , by + 手段, 方式 不加art. 但用介词on/ over/ through 则加art.
如: on the radio, over a phone, through a newspaper
4. 特定词组中不用冠词
①. turn/ go 后作补语的名词
turn writer/ go socialist = become a writer/ socialist
②. 在 引起的让步状语从句倒装结构中
Child as he is, ----
Hero as he was, ----
③. 在某些独立结构中.
He entered the room, book in hand.
但加上with 后用限定词.
He entered the room, with a book in hand.
④. 序数词作副词,或作名词表 “名次”时
First read fast.
He came first in the game.
⑤. 形容词最高级作表语只用来同本身做比较时, 并无一定范围.
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.
⑥. 表称呼或职位,军衔的名词做表语, 同位语和补语时,
Tom is monitor in our class.
We made Tom monitor in our class.
⑦. 常见词组:
at war/ peace/ table/ work/college/ sea
by force/ air/ sea/ train
in bed/ hospital/ peace/ ink/ public/ time of
take possession of
lose heart
5. 冠词词组
①. 位于such. What/ many/ half 后
Many a man is fit for the job.
②. as, so, to, how, however, enough,+ adj. + a/ an,
eg. as happy a day
③. quite / rather a day
但可以说: rather/quite a cold day
a rather/quite cold day
④. 在让步状语从句中, 有:
Brave a man though he is, he failed.
⑤. 倍数+ the + n.
twice the students
6. 有无冠词, 意义不同的词组:
in course of 正在进行中 in the course of 在---期间, 在过程中
out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能
in charge of 负责,掌管 in the charge of 在---的主管下
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被---拥有
at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌旁
in front of in the front of
by sea 坐船 by the sea 在海边
in case of 假使, 万一 in the case of 就---而言, 至于
by day 在白天 by the day 按日, 按天
on watch 值班,守望 on the watch 看守着, 提防着
to death 极度, 非常 to the death 致死, 到底
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：语法-冠词试题1 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
编号 081010 姓名 付爱冬
1. Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again！
A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填
2. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and _____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
3. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don't think I've got ______energy.
A. a: 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the
4. It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.
A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the
5. Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.
A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a
6. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.
A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a
7. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a
8. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填
9. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
10.______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring ______ packed lunch.
A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填
11.Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______ whole family are supposed to get together.
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the
12. -How about ______ Christmas evening party?
-I should say it was ______ success.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
13.Polar bears live mostly on _____ sea ice, which they use as _____ platform for hunting seals.
A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填
14.Geogre wouldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.
A. 不填; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a
15. -Could you tell me the way to ______ Johnsons, please?
-Sorry, we don’t have ______ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
1-5 CBDAD 6-10 CAACC 11-15 DBCCB
篇3：语法-冠词试题1 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
编号081010 姓名 付爱冬
I. 用适当的冠词填空：
1.When you’ve finished with _____ book, don’t forget to put it back on _____ shelf, will you ?
2.In my opinion, _____ life in ______ 21st century is much easier than it used to be.
3.It was not until we had stayed together for ______ couple of weeks that we had a lot in _____ common.
4.I think he is taking _____ active part in ______ social work. I agree with you in _____ way.
5. -Did Peter fix ______ computer himself ?
-He had it fixed, because he doesn’t know much about ______ computers.
II．用适当的冠词给下列短文填空：
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my 1 advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are 2 few suggestions. First, it is important to take 3 Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from 4 teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read 5 books, 6 newspapers and 7 magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be 8 excellent idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember 9 Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you 10 lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write me in Chinese next time.
III．单句改错
1.It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us.
2.Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as good as the Olympic Games.
3.However, when John went back home, the tickets were still there. In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat.
4.I have made up my mind to spend the vacation far from home for first time in my life. My parents have agreed to visit me, and I will have a different vacation.
5.I had many wonderful experiences, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianjin.
6.Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decided to travel with their friends, while I chose to take part-time job to gain experience and earn some money.
7.The play tells humorous stories that happen in the Green’s family.
8.I like the color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.
9.There is reported to be the number of the wounded on both sides.
10.In case of the fire, please press the red button.
11.It is getting dark. Take a umbrella before you forget it.
12.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called a world wide wait because it can be very slow.
13.A book is the store that sells books.
14.Don’t you believe it! Glass can take place of the steel in many ways of life.
15.He began to learn English in his 1990s in Britain.
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
I. 1. the; the 2.不填；the 3. a; 不填 4. an; 不填; a 5. the; 不填
II. 1. 不填 2. a 3. a 4. the 5. 不填 6.不填 7.不填 8. an 9. 不填 10. a
III. 1. 去掉the 2. history前加the 3. 去掉the 4. first前加the 5. party前加a 6. part-time前加a 7. 去掉Green’s前the 8. good前加a 9. the改成a 10. 去掉the 11. a 改成an
12. a改成the 13. the改成a 14. place前加the 15. his改成 the
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：考点1 冠词和名词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点1 冠词和名词
1. Always read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions
2. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .
A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions
3. The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of
5. Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation
6. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character
7. Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at .
A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate
8. Now I come here at the of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.
A. require B. remark C. demand D. request
9. She waited in for her mother’s letter.
A. anxious B. anxiety C. anxiously D. antique
10. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the __ __ of modem society.
A. benefits B. goods C. pleasures D. possessions
11. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
12. The on his face told me that he was angry.
A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression
13. Father went to the doctor for _____ about his heart disease.
A. an advice B. advice C. some advices D. the advices
14. It was so crowded in the bus that there was for me.
A. no room B. no rooms C. some room D. no spaces
15. Four are visiting our school now, two of them are . ??
A. Russians; policemen B. Russians; policeman
C. Russian man; policemen D. Russian; policemen
16. You know I have no for foreign languages.
A. knowledges B. gift C. character D. characters
17. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for the new students.
A. place B. area C. room D. space
18. At tile meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
19. He got to the station early, missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of
20. We’ve missed the bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
21. The classroom is big enough , but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment
22. You can’t afford to let the situation get worse. You must take to put it right.
A. decisions B. directions C. steps D. sides
23. Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out oxygen to us.
A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition
24. She broke a while she was washing up.
A. glass wine B. wine glass C. glass of wine D. glass for wine
25. According to the recent reports one of the animals, the crocodile, is in of dying out.
A. a danger B. the danger C. danger D. dangerous
26. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. /; the
27. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
- Sorry, wrong number, there isn’t Mr. Smith here.
A. / B. a C. the D. one
28. The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.
A . /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the
29. In review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; / D. /; a
30. I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left city. I only remember it was Monday.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
31. This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.
A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. a; /
32. Of all __ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ___ most important one.
A. the; a B. /. ; a C. /; the D. the; the
33. Apples are usually sold by weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.
A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a
34. Xiamen is most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for second time.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
35. Mr. Arafat was honored as historic leader who led his people with courage in all the stages of the national struggle.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /
36. The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop
37. When we are in France, China is an country.
A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern
38. I didn’t expect that Tom would my failure to achieve his own goal.
A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of
39. You are really very kind. I’ll never forget the you have done for me.
A. favour B. deed C. help D. good
40. I know the man by but I have never spoken to him.
A. chance B. heart C. sight D. experience
41. I knew John Lennon, but not famous one.
A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a
42. My of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought
43. The bad policy of the new government has put the economy of the country into a more difficult .
A. occasion B. situation C. case D. background
44. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _______.
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
45. He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him MP3 as birthday present.
A. the; an; a B. /; an; the C. /; an; a D. the; a; a
46. Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us great service.
A. /;a B. the; a C. /; / D. the; /
47. The adverbial phrase “every day” has space between two words.
A. the; the B. a; the C. /; the D. /; /
48. He lost the chance to be employed as _ marketing manager because he lacked _ work experience.
A. /; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; /
49. Scarlett Johnasson developed ____ interest in acting and has made herself into perhaps finest actress of her generation.
A. an; a B. /; the C. an; the D. /; a
50. is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.
A. The tiger; a B. The tiger; / C. Tiger; / D. A tiger; the
51. Cherries are sold by weight, and books can be mailed by dozen.
A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the
52. Charlely Oakley, NBA star, hasn’t lost game in the past month.
A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. /; the
53. I wonder what it feels like to be one of really rich. The Jenkinsons already have two Rolls Royces and now they are buying third!
A. the; a B. the; the C. /; a D. /; the
54. What beautiful weather! Great for holiday.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D./; a
55. The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /
56. The explorer got a disease in blood for the of fresh vegetables and fruit.
A. sake B. lack C. ignorance D. benefit
57. Man’s first walk on the moon was a strange technological .
A. success B. achievement C. succession D. accomplishment
58. Everyone’s application for the job must be sent in one week .
A. before hand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible
59. Have you made out your for a passport?
A. appointment B. application C. apposition D. appreciation
60. They considered the plan in all its .
A. appearances B. aspects C. prospect D. suspect
61. I’m in my that he is a good manager.
A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief
62. Now we can pick up weather information from new type of weather satellite.
A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C. /; a; / D. /; a; a
63. More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in a of goods on oilier.
A. price B. variety C. value D. amount
64. teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering how old ___ woman she would be.
A. The; a B.A; a C. A; the D. The; the
65. Would you like knife and fork, or would you rather use chopsticks, sir?
A. the; the B. a; / C. /; the D. /; /
66. Some of the passengers told the reporters about their __ in the burning train.
A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences
67. - $ 500, but that is my last offer.
- OK, it is a .
A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal
68. Those football players had no strict until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise
69. He walked up to _____ cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube.
A. the; / B. the; a C. a; a D. /; a
70. She is ______ success, ______ woman as she is.
A. a; a B. /; a C. a; / D. the; the
71. To protect his new invention, he took out a _________ on it.
A. pattern B. protection C. license D. patent
考点小资料：短语中冠词的有无
by car by bike by train by the time 到……时候
by weight by length
by the metre by the hour by the kilo
take a bus in a boat on the bike
Chinese 汉语，中国人 the Chinese 1anguage 汉语
at table 吃饭，在吃饭的时候 at the table 在桌旁
be in charge of 负责…… be in the charge of 在……的掌握之下
take place 发生 take the place 代替
in possession 拥有 in the possession of 为……所有
in sight of 看得见 in the sight of 据……的见解
in place of 代替 in the place of 在……的地方
be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄
take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告
out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能
make beds 制作床 make the bed 整理床铺
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：冠 词 篇 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
冠 词 篇
一、a与one的对比
1. 尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。
2. 在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。
3. 在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。
4. 用在某些固定词组中。
e.g. all of a sudden（突然），as a matter of fact（事实上），in a hurry，in a word，do sb. a favour，pay a visit to，a hand of（少量的），a length of（一根、一段），a variety of（种种），a depth of（深度为），an article of（一件），a total of（总共），an average of（平均），one by one，one after another，one day
二、不定冠词的基本用法
1. 具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”。
2. 初次提到某人或某物。
3. 速度、比率、价格等，其意义相等于one或every。
4. 用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。
a coffee, a heavy rain
5. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。
He has a knowledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.
6. 用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。
He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.
7. 表示“同一个”的意思。
The two boys are of an age.
These umbrellas are of a (=the same) colour and size.
8. 不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词
so kind a man = such a kind man too difficult a book
三、定冠词的主要用法
1. 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。
2. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
3. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。
4. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。
5. 用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。
6. 用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。
7. 用在姓氏的复数前，表示该夫妇俩或全家人。
8. 乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词。
9. 用于某些缩略词之前。 the PRC
10. 用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。
11. 固定搭配。 in the morning on the other hand
四、不用冠词的几种情况
1. 季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。
the Spring Festival （除外）
2. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，一般不加冠词。
3. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加。
4. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。
5. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。
6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。]
7. 在turn，go（变成、成为）变成后面的名词做短语时，名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。
8. 在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词。
9. 泛指复数名词前不用冠词。
10. 固定搭配。
in debt，in good (bad) health，in good condition，in great demand，in great need of，in time of danger，in office（就职），in honour of，in trouble (difficulty)，in favour of，with anger，in general，in size，in character（在性格上），in sight，in (out of) order，on business，on holiday， on leave，on watch，on fire，heart and soul，knife and fork，at sea，husband and wife，brother and sister，from morning till night，on horseback
五、特殊情况
1. 部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前
无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。
out of problem（不成问题），out of the problem（不可能），take place，take the place of，in hospital，in the hospital，at table，at the table，in front of，in the front of，three of us，the three of us，on earth，on the earth，of age（成年），of an age（同岁数），lose colour（脸色苍白），lose the colour（褪色），
2. 有些诉组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a ，意义不同。
a number of the number of
3. 注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时，冠词的位置要放在形容词后面。比较such。
4. 注意习惯用法。在某些词组、成语中，名词前不用冠词。
六、表示类别的三种情况
1. 定冠词+单数可数名词（用特指的那一类事物代表一类事物）。
2. 不定冠词+单数可数名词（用“任意一个”“某一个”所具有的特性、特征表示一类事物）。
3. 可数名词复数或不可数名词，指“类别”。（考虑到同一类中的各个情况）。
专题练习
冠词
1. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience. (全国高考题)
A./; the B./; an C.an; an D.the; the
2. There’s ________ dictionary on ________ desk by your side. (北京春季高考题)
A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the
3. An accident happened at ________ crossroads a few meters away from ________ bank. (2003上海春季高考题)
A.a; a B./; a C./; the D.the; /
4.The warmth of ________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ________ wool used.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; /
5.Mr.Li will give us ________ talk.________ talk will begin at 8:00.
A.a; The B.the; A C./; / D.a; A
6.The sun gives us ________ heat and ________ light.
A.the; the B.a; a C.a; the D./; /
7.-What do you need in dinner?
-I need ________.
A.a knife and a fork B.a knife and fork
C.the knife and fork D.the knife and the fork
8.________ Mrs.Smith is waiting for you in your office.
A.The B.A C.One D./
9.She’s on ________ People’s Daily.
A.the B.an C.a D./
10._____ Einsteins could not pay for _____ advanced education that young Albert needed.
A.The; the B.A; a C.An; the D.The; an
11.She is ________ newcomer to ________ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A.the; the B.the; a C.a; / D.a; the
12.-Where is Jack?
-I think he is still in ________ bed，but he might be in ________ bathroom.
A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the
13.I don’t like talking on ________ telephone; I prefer writing ________ letters.
A.a; the B.a; / C.the; the D.the; /
14.Many people are still in ________ habit of writing silly things in ________ public places.
A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the
15.-If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one.
-OK，but do you have ________ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.
A.a big B.a bigger C.the big D.the bigger
16.I heard somebody playing ________ piano in ________ next room.
A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; an
17.________ Pacific Ocean is ________ largest of all.
A.the; a B./; the C.the; the D.a; /
18.Great changes have taken place in ________ 1990’s.
A./ B.a C.the D.an
19.Wouldn’t it be ____ wonderful world if all nations lived in _____ peace with one another?
A.a; / B.the; / C.a; the D.the; the
20.Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.
A./ B.a C.the D.one
21.In 1864，Lincoln was elected _____ President of ____ United States for the second time.
A.the; the B.a; a C./; the D./; /
22.John is ________ university student.
A./ B.any C.a D.an
23.The table is made of ________.
A.a wood B.some wood C.the wood D.wood
24.We are going to learn ________ next week.
A.Twelfth Lesson B.The Twelfth Lesson
C.Twelve Lesson D.The Twelve Lesson
25.-I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel，please.
-Well，you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some; a B.an; some C.some; some D.an; a
26.Paper money was in _______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ______ thirteenth century.
A.the; / B.the; the C./; the D./; /
27.Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A.the; a B./; a C.the; the D./; the
28.Alice is fond of playing _____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _____ music.
A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the
29.Oh，John.________ you gave us!
A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
30.________ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A.How a B.What a C.How D.What
31.Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.
A.a; / B.the; an C.the; the D./; the
32.Beyond ________ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but ________ space.
A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.the; the
33.-Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.
-Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it some where.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the; a
34.After watching ________ TV，she played ________ violin for an hour.
A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the
35.-Are you sure to help me find ________ bed for my new house?
-Sure，but not now. I’m heading for ________ bed and a good sleep.
A.a; / B.a; a C.the; a D.the; /
36.Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors in ___ history of ___ cinema.
A./; / B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
37.-What about ________ book?
-It’s too difficult ________ book.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
38.Towards ________ evening ________ cold rain began to fall.
A.an; the B.the; a C.the; / D./; a
39.She always plays ________ football after ________ school.
A.a; the B.the; the C./; a D./; /
40._____ wheel is thought to be _____ invention of _____ first importance in human history.
A.A; the; the B.The; an; the C.A; an; the D.A; an; /
41.I felt someone patted me on ________ shoulder.
A.a B.the C.my D./
42.-So you are running ________ restaurant?
-Yes，but I don’t want to make it ________ restaurant only for rich people.
A.the; / B.the; the C.a; the D.a; a
43.Xi’an was ________ starting point of ________ world famous“Silk Road”.
A./;/ B.a; a C.the; / D.the; the
44.It is ten o’clock in the morning but he is still ________.
A.in the bed B.at the bed C.in bed D.on bed
45.More than half of ________ water used for drinking，washing and irrigating crops comes from under ________ ground.
A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.the; the
46.At noon we reached ________ small village ________ east of ________ Summer Palace.
A.the; the; the B.a; /; the C.a; the; the D.a; /; /
47.The child had only ________ slight temperature，but the doctor regarded ________ illness as serious enough for ________ hospital treatment.
A./; /; the B.a; /; / C.a; the; / D./; the; the
48.I had ________ lunch at a friend’s house yesterday.________ food was good.
A.the; / B./; / C.the; the D./; The
49.-What is Jack going to do with all his money?
-He says he has always dreamed of taking ________ trip around ________ world.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; / D.a; a
50.Qingdao is ________ most beautiful city in summer.
A.the B./ C.a D.one
51.Just now you said you always got to work on _______ 8 o’clock train. But would _______ later train get you to work on time?
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
52.The building was completed in ______ September of 1956 not in ______ October,1955.
A./; the B.the; the C./;/ D.the; /
53.I would like to have _______ room，_______ window of which opens to _______ south.
A.a; the; a B.a; the; the C.a; /; / D.a; the; /
54.There is _______ house in the picture.There is _______ old woman near _______ house.
A.an; a; the B.a; an; the C.the; a; an D.a; the; an
55.________ Europe and ________ America are separated by ________ Atlantic Ocean.
A./; /; the B.the; the; the C./; /; / D.the; the; /
56.There is ________“h” in the word“honest”.
A.a B.the C./ D.an
57.________ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!
A.What B.How C.What a D.How a
58.Father often says to me,“Be _____ honest boy today and _____ useful man tomorrow.”
A.a; a B.an; an C.a; an D.an; a
59.Things of ______ kind come together; people of _____ kind fall into _____ same group.
A.the; the; the B.a; a; the C.the; the; a D.a; the; the
60.________ Suez Canal brought ________ east and ________ west closer.
A.The; the; the B./; the; the C.The; /; / D./; /; /
1~5 CAABA 6~10 DBBAA 11~15 CDDCB 16~20 BCCAC
21~25 CCDBA 26~30 CBCCD 31~35 AACDA 36~40 CDDDB
41~45 BDDCD 46~50 BCDAC 51~55 DDBBA 56~60 DCDBA
【解析】
1.全句意为“在一万英尺的高空从飞机上跳下来真是一种激动人心的经历”。
2.全句意为“你旁边的桌上有一本词典”。
3.两个空都是表示泛指。
4.第一空用定冠词表示类别；第二空后的名词wool是不可数名词，故前面用零冠词。
7.a knife and fork是“一副刀叉”的意思。
10.姓的复数前加定冠词可表示“某某一家人或某某夫妇”；第二空是特指小Albert需要的高等教育。
12.第一空泛指“一个美妙的世界”，第二空的in peace是固定短语。
16.in the habit of意为“有……的习惯”,in public places意为“在公共场合”。
17.泛指“一件尺码更大的”。
25．information是不可数名词，have a word with意为“和……说句话”。
31.a knowledge of意为“知道/懂得一点……”，international trade泛指“国际贸易”,前面不用冠词。
35.find a bed意为“找到一张床”,第二空后的bed为抽象名词，意为“就寝、睡觉”，故不用冠词。
37.根据上下文的语气，第一空显然是表示特指(双方都知道指的是那一本书)；第二空则是说“这是一本很难的书”，因为与too连用，故将形容词提前。
41.接触到某人的某个部位，英语中习惯上在部位名词前用定冠词，不用人称代词。
42.两空都是表示特指。
46.第一空表示泛指，第三空表示特指，第二空是一个名词结构作状语，故其前面不用冠词。
50.各人观点不同，谁也无法断定青岛就是夏天最美的地方，故在most beautiful前用不定冠词，这时的a most相当于very的含义。
57.live a…life是“过着……的生活”的意思。
59.此句为一谚语，“物以类聚，人以群分”。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：高考英语陷阱题总结--冠词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--冠词
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Do you know ______ English for ‘帅哥’?” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.”
A. the, the B. the, 不填
C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填
【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：
(1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：
The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。
(2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：
What’s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说?
(3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：
There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。
2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.
A. a, the B. a, 不填
C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填
【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如：
He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。
My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。
3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard?
A. a, a B. 不填，不填
C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a
【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。
【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：
He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。
He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。
而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：
He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。
Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。
4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy.
A. a, aB. an, an
C. a, anD. an, a
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为 11的英文是eleven它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他：
(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.
A. a, a B. an, an
C. a, an D. an, a
(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute.
A. a, an B. an, a
C. a, a D. an, an
5. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”
A. a, the B. the, the
C. a, a D. the, a
【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题：
“Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the
C. a, a D. the, a
此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：
“Have you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; a
此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。
6. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, aD. the, the
【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A)：
(1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
(2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.
A. the, the B. 不填，不填
C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the
2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A. a, the B. a, 不填
C. 不填, the D. 不填，不填
3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填
4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.
A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday
C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday
5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.
A. the, the B. the, a
C. the, 不填 D. a, the
6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the, a B. the, 不填
C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the
7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.
A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填
C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the
8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.
A. the, 不填 B.不填，不填
C. the, a D. an, the
9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.
A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one
10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a
C. 不填, the D. the, 不填
11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a
C. the；不填 D. the; a
12. -John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.
-Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the
C. the; the D. a; a
13. “What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”
A. a; the B. the; a
C. a; a D. the; the
14. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on.
A. 不填, 不填 B. the, 不填
C. the, the D. 不填, the
15. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”
A. an; the B. a; the
C. the; a D. an; a
16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.
A. the; 不填 B.不填; 不填
C. the; the D.不填；the
17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. the, an B. a, 不填
C. the, the D. 不填, the
18. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.
A. the, the B. a, the
C. the, a D. a, a
19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.
A. 不填, 不填 B. The, an
C. The, 不填 D. 不填, an
20. - Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?
- Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填
C. the; the D. a; the
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词；country 表示“农村”时，其前习惯上要用定冠词。
2. 选B，success 在此指“成功的事”，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语，其中不用冠词。
3. 选A，其中的 failure 在此指“失败的人”，为可数名词。
4. 选B，Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示“某一个”。
5. 选C，kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。
6. 选B，当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；另外in danger of 是短语，不用冠词。
7. 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语，其中一个带冠词，一个不带冠词。
8. 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。
9. 选 D。a one bedroom apartment 意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。
10. 选B。the young 意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。
11. 选 A。over [on] the telephone 为习语，意为“通过电话”；若用 by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter（通过信件）也不用冠词。
12. 选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级，而是表示“很”、“十分”，故其前用a；第二空也填a，该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。
13. 选B。第一空填the，表特指；第二空填a，表泛指，as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学”。
14. 选A。used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠词。
15. 选D。NBA中的 N 读音为 ]ne[，即前面一个音为元音，故填an不填a；第二空填a表泛指，泛指任何一场比赛。
16. 选A。介词by表示“以…计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词，如：by the week 按周，按星期 / by the ton 按吨 / by the yard 按码 / by the meter 按米；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词，如：by volume 按体积 / by weight 按重量。
17. 选B。knowledge 虽为不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种程度的知识，有类似some的意思；第二空不填冠词，是因为trade 为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。
18. 选B。序数词前通常用定冠词，表示特指（如第一空）；有时也用不定冠词，表示原有数量上的增加（如第一空）。
19. 选B。原则上说，专有名词前不用冠词，但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词，表特指，即指“那时的英国”；第二空填不定冠词，表示具有某种特征。
20. 选C。Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词，它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫，所以C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A，则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：随堂语法小练习之冠词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
随堂语法小练习之冠词
33. We were shocked to hear the news that two Chinese engineers were shot to death in Pakistan. Worse still, third one died in hospital afterwards.
A. /; a B. the ; the C. the ; a D. / ; the
21． experiment took as five months and turned out great success.
A．The; 不填 B．不填; a C．The ;a D．The; the
15．-What’s your impression of the city?
-Oh, what different Tangshan! It isn’t I saw last.
A．不填；the one B．a; the one C．a; one D．不填; one
21. As some experts say, shopping by television will never take place of shopping in stores, because many people find shopping at a store great enjoyment.
A. 不填；a B. the; a C. a; the D. a; 不填
21. Mobile text messaging has become _________ second most popular way of exchanging New Year and Christmas greetings, according to ________ research which is given by the Social Science Institute of Shanghai, China.
A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. /, the
6. In memory of China’s Youth’s Day, __________ celebration evening took place on our campus. It was __________ success.
A．a; / B．the; the C．a; a D．the; a
28．Tommy, it’s bad manners to blow your nose at table.
A．/, the B．a, the C．/, / D．a, /
21. As we all know, Australia is considered to be _________ great sporting nation and __________ most Australians owe their love for sport to perfect conditions for it
A. a; 不填; the B. the; the; the C. the; the; 不填 D. a; 不填
21. When we want to find ________ certain information in a text quickly， we scan ______ text for key words and phrases， dates， numbers， etc.
A. the; a B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
21．He likes ____music so much that I think it right to buy him____MP3 as____birthday present．
A．the; an; a B．不填；an; the C．不填；an; a D．the ; a ; a
24. -I hear that Tony was seriously injured in an accident the other day.
-Yes, ______ news came as ______ shock to all of us.
A. the; theB. a; 不填C. the; aD. 不填; a
21. -Which city will be host city for the next Olympic Cames?
-London.
A. aB. /C. theD. an
21．-Have you seen toothpaste?
-Isn’t it on sink?
A．the ;a B．不填;the C．the; the D．不填; a
28. Companies in Zhongguancun all have their own characteristics, but they all share _______ spirit of creativity and scientific skill that have made Zhongguancun ________ success.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; 不填 D. a; a
21. It is announced that _____ $20,000 reward will be offered for ______ return of the stolen sculpture.
A. a; the B. 不填; the C. a; a D.不填；a
随堂语法小练习之口语交际
21、-I really like the record you lent me.
-_________.
A．My pleasure B．I’m glad you like it
C．Thank you D．Not at all
22. -- Julia, let's meet on the beach this afternoon.
-- ________ In this weather?
A. It's a pleasure. B. Are you kidding? C. Is that so? D. What fun]
21. -Thank you for your mp4. I'll return it as soon as I can.
-______. I've got a new one from my uncle.
A. Nothing serious B. No hurry C. With pleasure D. Nothing much
30. ---- Hi, Sandy. I’d like to invite you to dinner on Friday evening. Can you come?
---- Well, A friend of mine might come to see me.
A. it’s my pleasure. B. it depends. C. really? D. of course not
35. － Here, your new computer is ready.
－ Thank you.
－ ________ to call this number if you have any problems.
A. You’re free B. It is free C. Feel free D. Don’t forget
3 --- I wonder if you could give me a lift ?
--- ________ .
A With pleasure B It’s my pleasure C You’re welcome D A piece of cake
22. -- Are you finishing your task?
-- _________.We need no less than three hours more.
A. Far from it B. Exactly C. Not a little D. No wonder
24.--Wow! Jenny, I still owe you for the film ticket yesterday.
--________.
A. Forget it B. No problem C. Don’t mention it D.Take it easy
35.-He eventually realized hisown fault and wanted to reform.
--_______.
A. It’s shopping a dry well. B. It never rains but it pours
C. Better safe than sorry D. Never too late to mend
23．－The combination of Chinese culture and modern technologies will make the Beijing Olympics a special event．
－ _________．
A．Good idea B．That’s all right C．It’s fun D．I couldn’t agree more
35. -Look at the noisy kids!
-Haven’t you heard the saying “_________.”?
A. There’s plenty of fish in the sea B. All that glitters is not gold
C. When the cat is away, the mice will play
D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
34．-The moon cake is really delicious. Can I have another piece?
- _____
A．You can. B．Behave yourself. C．Be my guest! D．Do it yourself.
21. --Hello. Is Mr. Fred available now?
-- ____________.
A. I am Mr. Fred. B. Speaking. C. Who are you? D. Who are you looking for?
33．-Shouldn’t someone go and pick up the clothes at the laundry? They were ready three hours ago.
-
A．It’s very kind of you. B．Don’t look at me ,Mom!
C．Thanks anyway. D．Sounds good.
22. -- Could i use your dictionary ?
-- Yes, ________.
A. you could B. by all means C. you have got it D. I'm using it myself
随堂语法小练习之定语从句
23. Modem teaching equipment as well as tens of computers ________ sent to the village school ________ I once worked
A.were ; which B. was; which C. was; where D. were ; where
33. I feel uncomfortable each time I remember the situation ____________ Mary didn't agree with me ___________ the matter
A. that: at B. in which; over C. which; about D. where; to
27．I'm glad to introduce Mr. Smith to you, without consideration our project would
have ended in failure．
A．whom B．his C．whose D．who
31．According to the report，as many as 50 percent of patients do not take medicine
directed， has drawn doctors' attention．
A．when；it B．as；what C．that；and D．as；which
35. Our town has been added to these years. It is no longer ________ it was 15 years ago, ________ it was poor and untidy.
A. what; which B. that; which C. which; that D. what; when
32. Most teachers believe language acquisition is a process ________ skills are more important than grammar rules.
A. on which B. whose C. what D. in which
18．The science of computer， rapid progress has been made in recent years，is the most important of all science．
A．which B．with which C．in which D．to which
23. The key to the success of any film is finding a capable and qualified artistic director, _______ I always hope to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
34. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, helps patients recover faster.
A. this B. that C. which D. where
35. The farmer used wood to build a house to store grain.
A. with which B. in which C. which D. where
35. The local government is now Planning to locate a flew entertainment center______ most of the retired are living．
A．which B．in which C．where D．around which
26. The view _______ many scientists hold is _______ too much emission of carbon dioxide is
destructive.
A. which; which B. that; that C. that; which D. what; that
29．TV – Turnoff Week, millions of people around the world participate every year, tries to encourage people to turn on life.
A．in which B．on which
C．which D．when
29. Language can't be separated from its cultural background, might include songs, poetry, stories and everyday conversation.
A. what B. whose C. that D. which
8. The chickens will provide us ________ feathers, ________ we can make use for cleaning the table and benches.
A. with ; with B. with ; of which C. of ; which D. of ; from which
随堂语法小练习之名词性从句
27. worried the doctors most was they could find the cause of the disease.
A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what
29.____ is it ____ has made Tom ____ he is today.
A. What, that, that B. That, that, what C. What, what, that D. What, that, what
24. It’s not surprising, with the huge popularity of the movie Pairates of the Caribbean, ________ two more have been produced.
A. which B.what C. so D. That
23. - So you haven’t read the information form?
- ________ makes the matter worse is that I don’t have a single copy.
A. It B. What C. That D. Which
34．After five years of preparation, Shanghai presented the world many said was the greatest Special Olympics.
A．when B．what C．where D．which
17．An idea suddenly came to J.K. Rolling she could write a book about people living in the magic world.
A．if B．when C．that D．which
24. breaks the law should be punished.
A. Those who B. Anyone who C. No matter who D. Whoever
29. The Olympic Games hold the idea matters is not winning but participating.
A. that it B. what it C. that what D. what that
33. This year's production in our factory is five times ____________ it was ten years ago.
A. than B. as C. that D. what
7. The question has not been answered __________ Taiwan will be included on the Olympic torch relay route.
A．that B．whether C．which D．if
31. The time is not far away _________ information will be made known _________ more workers will be trained for their jobs.
A. until; which B. when; that C. before; that D. as; which
29．The expert insisted that silkworms were first raised by a woman in is now Hebei Province.
A．which B．that C．where D．what
25. Desertification， the name for ______ happens when farmable land is turned into desert， is a growing world problem.
A. which B. where C. what D. how
32．These children are wild. I feel sorry for had to be their babysitter.
A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever
33．There are signs reading classics is becoming more popular with students.
A．which B．that C．whether D．when
随堂语法小练习之状语从句
31．-Jennifer, would you take a picture for us?
-Sorry, I take pictures, they usually come out dull.
A．before B．until C．when D．since
34．Despite the great success of Chang’e-1, experts say, it will be at least ten years our astronauts can land on the moon.
A．while B．before C．since D．until
34. It wasn't long ______ Lisa arrived and we went in together.
A. afterB. whenC. beforeD. until
33．He had his camera ready, just he saw something that would make a good picture.
A．ever since B．as if
C．even though D．in case
29. --- Why didn’t you buy the dictionary?
--- _______ it may be of great use, I don’t think it good value for money.
A. Before B. As C. While D. Since
29．He was told that it would be at least three more months he could recover and return to work.
A．before B．when C．since D．that
28．-You won’t go to Kathy’s wedding party, will you?
-Yes, invited.
A．even if B．if C．unless D．as
25. - Our holiday cost a lot of money.
- Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter you cnjoyed yourselves.
A. unless B. as far as C. as long as D. until
16．I had just finished doing my examination papers the bell rang.
A．when B．while C．before D．after
9. there is enough food in the world for everybody, not everyone can afford to buy it.
A．While B．Even if C．Unless D．When
27. The company has a free long-distance telephone number consumers can call with any questions they have about the products.
A. unless B. even though C. as if D. so that
27. The project won't carry on _____ we can get financial aid from the government.
A. unless B. though C. whether D. until
32. ---- School is not the only place one can study.
----You are quite right. you are ready to learn you can gain knowledge and skills everywhere.
A. which ; Once B. what ; Now that C. where ; As long as D. that ; Even if
26. -What’s going on between you and Mike?
-We had a fight. I thought of him as my trustworthy friend _____, to my shock, he gave me away.
A. unless B. since C. for D. until
6 I was about to the party ______ I realized that I had to complete my project .
A while B since C as D when
随堂语法小练习之情态动词
19 With the problem solved , Tom ________ worry about it any longer .
A should need B did not need to C had to need D could not need
22. -It’s seven o’clock already . Mary be home by now .
-Oh , I forgot to tell you that she was going to a party and wouldn’t be home until 10.
A. must B. should C. might D. could
26. Look at the blue sky! -- It be fine this afternoon.
A. can B. ought to C. might D. has to
34. -Are you coming to the musical of the 42nd Avenue from Broadway ?
-I'm not sure. I ______ go to see a movie, instead.
A. must B. would C. might D. should ,
22. More than 4o percent of citizens are unhappy with public services, which ______ alarm bells ringing in some local governments, so related departments ______ pay attention to this survey.
A. will set ; must B. has set ; should C. had set ; can D. is setting ; need
24. － Why are most of us unable to study English well, Mr. Li?
－ You ______. But you ______ too little attention to it.
A. could; pay B. will; attach C. would; refer D. can; devote
26．- Can I pay the bill by check?
- Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash.
A．shall B．need C．will D．can
31. Being physically examined for free twice a year is what every clerk _______ be ensured in any company of the state.
A. must B. shall C. ought to D. need
29. But for these interruptions, the meeting _________ have finished earlier.
A. should B. would C. will D. must
29．Everybody is expected to be vigorous and responsible. In no case take drugs.
A．must they B．could they C．they should D．they may
27．-I thought you were going to call me last night about the plans for the conference.
-Sorry ,I ,But Tom and Jane stopped by and stayed until midnight.
A．must have B．can’t have C．might do D．should have
32. -- What did you do in the mountain village last winter?
-- Whenever possible I go out and paint some pictures with my brother.
A. should B. might C would D. could
30. －________ I have a word with you, Miss Smith?
－Oh dear, if you must.
A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should
31．You _________ have written so long an article．The teacher said 100 words would be enough．
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．wouldn’t
22. it's hard to say what kind of person he is. Sometimes he is very friendly; at other times he ____ be very cold.
A. can B. must C. will D. shall
随堂语法小练习之非谓语动词
29. On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden, weather_________.
A. permits B. permit C. permitting D. permitted
32. ___________ on the MSN, some people often use '88' for 'good-bye'.
A. When chat B. When chatting C. When chatted D. When to chat
27．-She didn’t speak to me yesterday .She was unhappy.
-Well ,she seemed to about it .
A．have been told B．be told C．having been told. D．being told.
31．The sale usually takes place outside the house ,with the audience on benches ,chairs or boxes.
A．having seated B．seating C．seated D．being seated
25. The gesture, _____ the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a call” in Brazil.
A. moves B. moved, C. moving D. to move
24. ________the film so many times, I don’t need to see or hear it _______ what is happening now on the screen.
A. Seeing ; knowing B. Having seen ; to know
C. To have seen ; to know D. To see ; knowing
28. “I won’t have it _______ that we are responsible for Mr. Wang’s death in the accident. It’s unfair!” the director told reporters.
A. said B. saying C. to say D. says
29. This is a strange and confusing age. We’ve been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street the new neighbour.
A. meeting B. to meet C. having met D. to have met
33. With too many construction projects all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot.
A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking
32. The man denied any thing at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.
A. to have stolen B. having been stealing C. having stolen D. to steal
29．I’m sorry，but I didn’t see how we can get all this work you assigned_______ by next Tuesday．
A．having done B．done C．being done D．to do
31．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have_______ right from wrong．
A．distinguished B．to distinguish C．distinguishing D．to be distinguished
29. _______ by the heavy snowfalls, Chenzhou, a city in South China, was cut off from the outside, _______ water and delectricity shortagel.
A. Having struck ; facing B. Having struck ; faced C. Struck ; facing D. Struck ; faced
33. Learning Peking Opera in schools is intended ______ the traditional cultural treasure.
A. to preserving B. to preserve C. to have preserved D. preserving
25. At the age of 94, the old lady spends most of her time lost in thought, in a wheelchair at home.
A. sat B. sitting C. to sit D. having sit
随堂语法小练习之动词时态和语态
21．一Let’s discuss the question raised last night．shall we?
一There is no hurry for that. I _______ for a conference．
A．headed B．was heading C．am heading D．have headed
29．Until tens of years ago，most zoos _______ in such a way-animals in one area and birds in another．
A．were organized B．had organized
C．will organize D．have been organized
26. --- Sorry to interrupt you. Please go on.
--- Where was I?
--- You ________ you didn't like going to college in Hongkong.
A. had been saying B. had said C. said D. were saying
23．-Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?
-Not in the afternoon ,I’m afraid. I .
A．will be working B．am going to work
C．am about to work D．will work
24. Tens of millions of people in the United States ________ by the storm by 2:00 pm last Monday.
A. have been affected B. had been affected C. have affected D. had affected
8. Glad to see you back. How long ________ in Russia?
A. did you stay B. have you stayed
C. were you staying D. have you been staying
22. I ________ in Shanghai for a week on business. It was really warm there.
A. was B. have been C. had been D. have gone
13．Private cars，as the product of modern civilization, an important role in people's daily life．
A．played B．had played
C．have been playing D．plays
34. ---- Did you attend Tom’s birthday party at the Grand Hotel?
---- I wish I _______. I _______ an English lecture in the school hall.
A. have ; gave B. did ; have given C. do ; had given D. had ; was giving
24. My headache is killing me. I it away. But now it’s getting worse and worse.
A. think; is going B. thought; was going C. have thought; is going D. had thought; was going
31. So far, scientists about 1.8 million living species(物种), and that just a small number of what probably exists on Earth.
A. had named; was B. had named; is C. have named; has been D. have named; is
27. -Why! Where’s my mobile phone? Maybe I left it on the plane.
-My goodness! You things behind.
A. haven’t left B. didn’t leave C. had never left D. never leave
27．------Did Alice enjoy the concert held in Xi Yuan Theater yesterday?
------Yes．she did．She ________ such an excellent concert for a long time．
A．didn’t take part in B．wouldn’t take part in
C．hasn’t been in D．hadn’t been in
27. --My car _________ twice this month.
--I'm sorry to hear that.
A. has been broken in B. was broken in
C. has been broken into D. was broken into
30. --I hope you've read the instructions.
--Yes, of course _______.
A. I did B. I will C. I do D. I have
随堂语法小练习之代词
28. --Tom and Mary got married last month.
--Are you kidding? They have _________ in common.
A. anything. B. something C. nothing D. everything
34. The pollution caused by industrial waste is more serious than ________ of organic farming.
A. one B. it C. any D. that
23．Are there any books on animal cloning ?If so ,I want to borrow .
A．them B．one C．it D．that
24. Going to America tbr thrther study is a good chance, ________ I have been looking forward to, and I prefer ________ to be no doubt that this chance will belong to me
A. it: it B. that ; which C. one :there D. the one; it
34．－Why are you crying?
－I just can’t help ____________.
A．to B．that C．it D．so
25．It’s a little surprising that a house made of wood or bamboo may stay up in an earthquake
while ______ made of steel and concrete may fall down.
A．one B．that C．it D．what
23. Chinese think less of money when _________ comes to educating their children.
A. one B. he C. that D. it
24. -- Have you ever heard of the new brand of computer, Miller?
--Yes, of course but I haven't decided whether to buy _______.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
33. I would appreciate ______ if you could give me a lift to the Lakefront School.
A. that B. it C. you D. one
25．Though he was always finding excuses of one sort or _____ for his being absent from work, none of us would believe him．
A．the other B．others C．another D．some other
22. ---Anything wrong?
---There was no objection on the part of ________ present.
A. this B. those C. these D. who
28．一Can I help you?
--I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday，______ at a proper price but of great use．
A．that B．one C．anyone D．everything
22．-Haven’t seen you all for ages! all right?
-Not good. We’ve got problems with sales.
A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing
31. Furniture made of wood is certainly more expensive than ________ made of other materials.
A. it B. one C. those D. that
23．The editor-in-chief asked me to write another article for them, about how to prevent bird flu.
A．that B．one C．it D．what
随堂语法小练习之形容词和副词
24．These people were mentioned at the meeting， ，Tom，Helen and Brown．
A．specially B．especially C．simply D．namely
25．On the top of the mountain we saw that the scenery Was very and We simply couldn't tear ourselves away．
A．eye-catching B．mind-reading C．heart-attacking D．interest-attracting
26．------It is useless trying to help Jack with his maths．He is so poor at it．
------I know，but is he _______ better at it now?
A．much B．little C．even D．any
32. --- What did you think of her oral English?
--- I was very ______.
A. impressed B. inspired C. addictive D. admirable
25. There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.
A. contract B. contrast C. content D. contact
---Well, it’s a bit too large. Do you have this coat in ____ size?
A．the smaller B．a smaller C．a smallest D．a small
32．Julian packed all the things into a suitcase, ____.
A．being anxiously to leave B．to be anxious to leave
C．anxious to leave D．be anxious to leave
24．Dennis ,if you are late again, I’ll phone your parents .I’m ,you know.
A．serious B．careful C．true D．promising
22.Tell me, Mr. Mentakis, was Mrs. Smith one of your_______ cusomers?
A. regular B. common C. average D. usual
28．－Is it safe enough to stand here．Morn?
－No，come a bit _______ to me，honey．
A．close B．closely C．closer D．more closely
30．It is generally believed that a successful Olympic Games _____ relies on well-performed IT
services.
A．largely B．narrowly C．badly D．simply
29. Personally I prefer to stay up _______ at night, but not _______ I'll have to drive to work the next day.
A. deeply, while B. deep, unless C. far, because D. late, when
31. --Have you looked through the plan?
--Not yet. This plan is _________ careful consideration.
A. short of B. fond of C. proud of D. worthy of
22．－Do you think the weather is good enough for an outing?
－Yes, you couldn’t hope for ___________ at the time of the year.
A．the nicer day B．a nicer day C．the nicest day D．a nice day
26. With some snow on top of it the yellow Mountain looked fantastic this winter. Actually, I doubt whether we could visit ______ mountain in China.
A. a most beautiful B. the most beautiful
C. a more beautiful D. a beautiful
随堂语法小练习之短语动词
27. That was indeed a silly trap, but why were so many so-called smartest ?
A. taken on B. taken in C. taken off D. taken out
31. In Britain today women 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. hold up B. build up C. account for D. consist of
5 The socks are so ________ that they can’t be mended any moe .
A used up B worn up C tired out D broken out
17 I wrote a letter of complaint , and the airline has promised to _______ the matter .
A look through B look into C look at D look for
32. Memories of her staying with the host family in China often _______to the mind of the Italian exchange student.
A. come back B. call up C. hold back D. bring up
28. The young couple are always arguing recently. Constant arguing doesn't ________ a happy marriage.
A. get across B. attend to C. make for D. make up
26．None of us expected the chairman to_____at the party, we thought he was still in hospital．
A．turn in B．turn over C．turn down D．turn up
35．Environmental groups intend to the pressure until the government changes the law.
A．keep up B．make up C．pick up D．bring up
26. - If we take a plane, we’ll of course have arrived in Paris by the next weekend.
- Don’t be sure, we should the weather factor. What shall we do if it is foggy?
A. leave alone B. allow for
C. look over D. take advantage of
15. Nicolas Sarkozy became the first president whose marriage ____________ during his term of presidency in French history.
A. broke up B. broke down C. broke off D. broke out
32. The further falling of the stock market as reported today has a fresh wave of selling.
A. set off B. given off C. put off D. got off
26. -How did it that you made such a silly mistake?
-I myself haven’t figured it out yet.
A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. come on
9．If you carry on working like this, you’ll sooner or later.
A．break up B．break away C．break down D．break in
2. Little Sam couldn’t _________ how to print out the papers until the teacher showed it to him.
A. go through B. come up C. figure out D. get over
29. Don’t you think he has said something that ______ you especially?
A. appeals to B. applies for C. brings up D. gets across
随堂语法小练习之介词
21. The boy has an amazing appetite ________ American country music.
A. to B. on C. with D. for
34.The sports meet,originally __________ be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather.
A.due to B. thanks to C. owing to D. according to
23．Our opinions on language learning differ greatly each other’s in that respect.
A．at B．by C．for D．from
21．____________ his arrival at the airport, he was arrested by ____________ police.
A．By; the B．In; a C．On; the D．With; 不填
28．Whit the development of its economy, Beijing has changed recognition in the last five years.
A．without B．beyond C．over D．with
31. ______ further information, please write to the following address.
A. InB. ForC. WithD. On
22．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism the wildlife in the area.
A．in B．on C．at D．with
22．She was sleeping on the sofa, the television on.
A．with B．for C．over D．through
25. The boat will not arrive ________ twenty hours.
A. for B. at C. in D. by
24. – The fellow has been suspected _________ e- mail fraud.
-- Nowadays cybercrime is developing __________ an amazing rate.
A. from; at B. about; in C. of; with D. of; at
24．A wide range of postcards and other souvenirs are _______ sale in the visitors’ center.
A．on B．at C．in D．of
6．Most of the audience wondered what idea a man who is deaf from birth can have music.
A．with B．in C．of D．to
7. Don’t trouble such a little boy! Such a problem is _______ his understanding.
A. over B. beyond C. at D. behind
29. The exercise is so difficult that it is the abilities of most of the class.
A. outside B. beyond C. above D. across
31. － Can I get the house cheaper?
－ Sorry, it’s ______ my power to sell it any cheaper.
A. without B. except C. beyond D. out
随堂语法小练习之动词
28. － Do you think John is coming to attend the lecture?
－ Sure. I have ______ him to.
A. advised B. suggested C. persuaded D. supposed
29. Juventus_________two goals in the last ten minutes.
A. achieved B. managed C. succeeded D. challenged
24．Unless all his demands were ________，he would refuse to sign the agreement，he insisted．
A．met B．permitted C．allowed D．replied
29．A young woman was found dead in her own apartment and the police _____ murder.
A．charged B．doubted C．suspected D．considered
34．The story that follows two athletes who have been accused of taking excitant.
A．concerns B．states C．relates D．refers
24．Grades would from one or two ,for outstanding or excellent ,to six or seven ,for poor or very poor.
A．suffer B．differ C．come D．range
32．These shoes don’t any more. I’ve grown out of them.
A．match B．suit C．fit D．wear
27. My Chinese host was always putting delicious food onto my plate as soon as I ________ it.
A. finished B. got C. emptied D. eaten
33. A strong-willed person may ________ the targets he or she set for themselves whatever they are.
A. obtain B. complete C. concentrate D. reach
27. We are asking people to _______ goods from companies that use child labour.
A. refuse B. resist C. reject D. boycott
31. The secretary was allowed ten more minutes. She ______ her boss’ patience and tried to hurry.
A. sensed B. tolerated C. realized D. understood
27．He didn’t even smile at your joke because he didn’t it.
A．get B．make C．trust D．judge
22. Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things. You have to some of them.
A. remain B. resist C. remove D. renew
26. When we have enough confidence and courage, the difficulties we are facing don't _______.
A. need B. count C. meet D. spare
26. George ________ the good chance to present his proposal to the director, and at last, it was adopted.
A. realized B. seized C. delivered D. released
随堂语法小练习之名词
32. At the news conference,the spokesman said,”Keeping the meat price under control is within the ___________ of the governments’s responsibility.”
A. field B.limit C. extent D. range
27. As a public _______, Yao Ming knows what to do in face of this kind of thing.
A. character B. figure C. person D. opinion
21. We should read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions
26. Let's make a list of speakers that we'll invite to our meeting, in order of ____________.
A. preference B. devotion C. habit D. interest
17. Even if you take the matter to the judge, you have no chance of winning the ________.
A. thing B. question C. problem D. case
34．Although there were several problems in reaching this target, the was highly successful.
A．result B．outcome C．effect D．cause
22．It’s important for us to use a word or phrase according to the __________ in language studies.
A．situation B．translation C．expression D．condition
25. Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A. preference B. interest C. habit D. feature
33．We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A．way B．possibility C．choice D．selection
30．Because of the heavy rain, the sport meeting has been put off until further .
A．message B．information C．notice D．news
21．The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People’s Olympics will allow Beijing to become the focal point for tourists from across the globe.
A．theme B．purpose C．task D．brand
32．She is in a poor _______ of health, which worries her mother a lot.
A．position B．situation C．state D．condition
27. He spoke for quite a long time, but he threw no on the main point.
A. excuse B. doubt C. light D. detail
25. -- Does that make any _______?
-- Yes, it matters a great deal.
A. matter B. sense C. difference D. meaning
29. Ladies and gentlemen. Let's keep the meeting short and to _________ so as not to waste
the everyone's time.
A. opinion B. note C. key D. point
随堂语法小练习之短语
24. ________doing more exercise to lose weight, many teenagers would rather be a couch potato. A. Instead of B. As a result of C. In spite of D. Regardless of
29. I can _____ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of C. have effects on D. keep away from
14 You’d better take some clothes with you _______ a sudden change of weather .
A in favour of B in honour of C in case of D in memory of
29．Excuse me，I can’t _______ you．Could you please slow down a bit?
A．look up to B．keep up with C．1ive up to D．come up with
27. The weather in London is so changeable that people always take their umbrellas with them _________ rain.
A. for fear of B. in need of C. in spite of D. because of
32. －Although she sometimes loses her temper, her students like her no less.
－That’s it. _________, she is really a good teacher.
A. At all B. In all C. Above all D. After all
30. Research shows that people feel unhappy and worried when they have nothing to do. , the happiest are those who are busy.
A. In short B. In fact C. As a result D. For one thing
22. ________ achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade.
A. In terms of B. In case of C. As a result of D. In face of
23. This story, is very fascinating ; there are many interesting characters in it.
A. on the whole B. on earth C. in no time D. out of the question
33．She was over the age limit and , her application for the job was rejected.
A．as a result B．in conclusion C．worse still D．what’s more
30. The village was badly struck by the rare flood last night. The villagers were badly
food and shelter.
A. in charge of B. in possession of C. in want of D. in face of
24．A Chinese satellite is expected to orbit Mars in , _________ an agreement the country signed with Russia on Monday.
A．instead of B．in spite of C．as a result D．thanks to
5. The government work report by Premier Wen covers a variety of issues, and the prices of agricultural products____________.
A．in common B．in general C．in particular D．in practice
22. - She will, get into trouble.
- I agree, I hope she will get rid of her bad habits.
A. more or less B. here and there C. sooner or later D. just so so
10．On their arrival, they found the people suffering the quake were ______ food and water supplies.
A．in praise of B．in honor of C．in face of D．in want of
随堂语法小练习之句型结构
34. , the mountain climbers conquered Mount Qomolangma in the end.
A．As the difficulty was great B．Great as the difficulty was
C．Great difficulty as it was D．The difficulty was great
24. The key is that, full your schedule is, only when you try really hard always fit some more things in it.
A. no matter how ; can you B. no matter what ; can you
C. however ; you can D. whatever ; can you
25. － I hear Tom ______ playing games recently.
－ ______ no wonder he is easy to feel sleepy in class.
A. is addicted to; There is B. addicts; There is
C. addicts; It is D. is addicted to; It is
29. I have been working there for 15 years, and never before _______ my boss so serious!
A. I found B. I have found C. did I find D. have I found
7 --- The curtain was opened and out ________ .
--- Do you know who ________ ?
A came the host ; was he B came the host ; he was
C the host came ; was he D the host came ; he was
33．________ , I could not memorize the text．
A．However hard did I try B．However hard I tried
C．However I tried hard D．However I had tried hard
34. I don' t think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, _______ ?
A. does it B. don't I C. hasn't it D. has it
33 .Only______as an interpreter _______how important it is to grasp English.
A. when did 1 work ; I realized B when I worked ; I realized
C. when did I work; did I realize D. when I worked; did I realize
34．Only those who have experienced hardship _______ well aware of what happiness means．
A．can they be B．they can be C．can be D．they can
28． that all mountain roads were closed.
A．So became the dangerous weather
B．So dangerous did the weather become
C．So dangerous became the weather
D．Dangerous the weather became so
32. -- I don't suppose Jimmy could have done well in the midterm exam last week, ________?
-- ________, he almost failed in the exam.
A. had he; Yes B. did he; No C. do I; Yes D. could he; No
12．-How did you think of the job he did last week?
-Well done．
A．It couldn't have been better B．It should be better
C．It couldn't be worse D．It was worse
34．The bus hit against a tree in the fog and to the deep valley，with ten passengers killed and twenty wounded．
A．down did it roll B．down rolled it C．it down rolled D．down it rolled
29. ____ ,1 have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
35. _______ about the milu deer that they decided to go to Dafeng for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. What a curious couple was
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
时态
一、目标
本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。
要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。
二、重点及难点
八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。
三、方法
1．Do you know something about “tense”?
你知道“时态”是什么吗？
2．You are right. For example：
I'm working.我正在工作。
I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。
I will work.我将要工作。
How many tenses have you learned ?
你们学了几种时态？
3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense.
现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。
I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?
我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？
4．What's the form of the verb ?
谓语动词形式是什么样的？
5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?
Here's a saying:
（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。
Can you learn it by heart ?
你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？
6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?
你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？
你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：
清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。
浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。
元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。
你能想出几个例子吗？
7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？
8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？
9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.
That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？
10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？
11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？
那么用什么状语呢？
12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？
13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？
14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。
be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。
be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……
Can you make some sentences？
15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？
16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.
现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。
17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？
18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。
19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：
A．He has come for 3 hours.
B．The girl has waited since two years.
C．The old man has died for ten years.
D．I have bought the book for two months.
20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?
A．join the army
B．join the Party
C．come back
D．borrow a book
E．buy a book
F． leave
G．go out
H．die
I．open
J．begin
K． arrive
21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：
我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：
A．I have been a League member for 5 years.
B．It's five years since I joined the League.
I joined the League 5 years ago.
I have been a League member since 5 years ago.
Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.
A．He has been here for 2 hours.
B．They've been away since 1960.
C．The film has been on for one hour.
22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.
A．I ____ （lose）my pen.
She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.
B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.
I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.
C．The car ____ （stop）.
The car ____ （stop） just now.
D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?
B：Yes, I ____ .
A：When ____ you ____ it ?
B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.
23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.
have been to 意思是“去过”。
have gone to 意思是“去了”。
请翻译下列各句：
A．我去海南四次了。
B．他已经去南方了。
C．你去过东京吗？
D．小李已经去办公室了。
你可以去那儿找他。
E．你去哪儿了？
F．他去哪儿了？
24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？
25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.
e．g．He was a student in the past.
e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.
26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。
27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…
例如：
A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.
B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.
28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.
e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.
What were you doing while I was watching TV ?
Students
1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.
我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。
2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.
我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。
5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：
A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。
B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。
C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。
D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。
6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。
7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…
8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.
（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）
B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）
C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）
9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.
因为动作是有规律地发生。
10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.
For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.
For example：
He is reading a book now.
We are learning BookⅡthis week.
11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。
12．
A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.
明天他要来看我。
B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。
13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.
它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。
14．Yes, I can.
A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.
我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。
B．The boys are to go to school next week.
这些男孩们下周要上学了。
C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.
我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。
15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。
我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。
16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。
A．We have cleaned the room now.
我们现在已经打扫了房间。
B．He has cleaned the room now.
他现在已经打扫了房间。
C．They have been here for 3 hours.
他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。
D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．
教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。
17．我想有两种含义：
一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。
另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。
18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。
19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。
B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”
C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。
D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。
20．Let me have a try．
join the army----serve in the army
join the Party----be a Party member
come back----be back
borrow a book----keep a book
buy a book----have a book
leave----be away
go out----be out
die----be dead
open----be open
begin----be on
arrive----be here
A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since one hour ago.
21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since an hour ago.
22．
A．have lost； lost
B．have been； went
C．has stopped； stopped
D．Have… had
have
did… have
had
23．
A．I have been to Hainan four times.
B．He has gone to the South.
C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?
D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.
E．Where have you been ?
F． Where has he gone ?
24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。
25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。
26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：
I said that I would go to that island.
“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。
可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：
I said that I had finished the composition.
said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。
27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。
老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？
四、精选题
选择填空：
1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]
----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）
A．get B．will get
C．are getting D．will have got
2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]
----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been
C．was D．will be
3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]
A．just help out
B．have just helped out
C．am just helping out
D．will just help out
4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]
A．has completed
B．completes
C．has been completed
D．is completed
5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]
A．has worked
B．was working
C．had been working
D．had worked
6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]
----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）
A．is hanging B．has hung
C．hangs D．hung
7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]
----But she ____ ！（'98）
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]
----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98）
A．painted
B．had painted
C．have been painting
D．have painted
10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]
A．went down
B．will go down
C．has gone down
D．was going down
11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]
----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）
A．has left B．leaves
C．left D．was leaving
12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]
----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀）
A．are not correcting
B．have not corrected
C．are still being corrected
D．have already been corrected
13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]
----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城）
A．waited B．was waiting
C．had waited D．have been waited
14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]
A．has rung; was
B．has been ringing; is
C．had rung; was
D．rang; has been
15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]
A．was B．has been
C．were D．have been
16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]
----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）
A．do you meet
B．will you meet
C．would you meet
D．are you meeting
17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]
A．can break
B．could break
C．could have broken
D．could have been broken
18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A．I've been told
B．I've told
C．I'm told
D．I told
19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]
----It's 9568442．
A．didn't B．couldn't
C．don't D．can't
20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]
A．read; was falling
B．was reading; fell
C．was reading; was falling
D．read; fell
21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]
A．just stared
B．was just staring
C．has just stared
D．had just stared
22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]
---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A．Don't you meet him yet
B．Hadn't you met him yet
C．Didn't you meet him yet
D．Haven't you met him yet
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）
2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）
3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land）
4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）
5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）
6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）
7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）
8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）
9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）
10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）
答案：
选择填空：
1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC
16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。
3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。
4．thought
5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。
6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。
7． is studying
8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。
9．won't take
10．were enjoying, came
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：It 句型 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
It 句型归纳
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in
the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful
play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats
for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：
kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good
chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the
sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other
last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）
说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home
now．
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：省略 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
省略
省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。那么--
一、词法上的省略
1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：
at the doctor's 在诊所
at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家
at the barber's 在理发店
2. 冠词的省略
1）为了避免重复
The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）
2）在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。
3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：
She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：
Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)
我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。
3. 介词的省略
1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：
These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.
这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：
The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。
4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如：
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。
4. 动词不定式中的省略
1）有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构
to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如：
I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
2）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：
They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
3）在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to； but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。如：
We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：
I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：
I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
5）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：
Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。如:
-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
-Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。
有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to。如： He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).
尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：
-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？ -No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。
二、句法中的省略
在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。
1． 简单句中的省略
1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如： What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！
How wonderful!多妙啊！
2） 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：
-（Will you） Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？ -No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。
（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？
2． 并列句中的省略
1） 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
2） 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
3） 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
3． 复合句中的省略
1） 名词性从句中的省略
（1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).
他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：
（I'm） Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。
（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。
2） 定语从句中的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。如：
The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
（2）关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。如：
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。
3）状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
（1）在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：
While（I was） waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。
（2）在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：
Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
（3）在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。
（4）在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：
He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
（5）在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：
I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。
三、替代性省略
在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和so， not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：
-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？
-I suppose not. 我认为不会。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：表语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
表语
一、教学目标
通过本章学习, 使学生明白表语的概念及表语的用法。
二、教学重点和难点
不定式、分词、动名词作表语及表语从句。
三、教学方法
1．在谓语一章中我们已分析过表语, 最常见的是 be动词及 become。
2．在使用中我们常见到不定式用在be动词后边作表语。由于不定式表明一个具体的动作, 当放在be动词后边时表示即将要去做的事。请将下列句子翻译成汉语并作分析：
3．
A．The news sounds inspiring.
B．His absence is disappointing.
C．We are interested in the story.
D．After a long walk, we all felt tired.
E．He has got married.
一般来说～ing形式作表语表示主语的特征, 具有影响别人的能力；～ed形式作表语表示受到影响而呈现的状态。
4．A句是动名词作表语, 表示主语job的内容。
B句是现在分词作表语, 表示主语result 的特征。
动名词与现在分词作表语的不同就是前者是表内容, 后者是表特征。
5．这是一个含有主语从句和表语从句的复合句, 在后边的章节中会作进一步阐述。
1．表语表明主语的身份、状态、样子、方位、处所, 除了be, become这两个系动词外, 还有一些本身既是行为动词又是系动词的词。
2．
A．I am to go to town.
我要进城。
B．My work is to clean the classroom.
我的工作是打扫教室。
3．A．这消息听起来挺鼓舞人心的。是现在分词作表语, 表示本身具有影响别人的特征。
B．他的缺席令人失望。与上句一样表示主动。
C．我们对这故事感兴趣。过去分词作表语, 表示故事有趣, 使得我们对它感兴趣, 因此用过去分词。
D．走了一大段路, 我们都感到累了。过去分词作表语, 是走路使得我们累, 我们才感到累。
E．他结婚了。表示一状态, 过去分词作表语。 get married是个词组。
4．同样都是～ing 形式作表语, 遇到这样的句子, 怎样解释？
A．My job is running the machine.
B．The result is exciting.
5．如何理解下面这个句子？
Why he hasn't come is that he has something important to do at home.
四、精选题
1．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. [ ]
A．not makeB．not to make
C．not making D．do not make
2．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. [ ]
A．pay B．paying
C．paid D．to pay
3．Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous, but which do you think ____ ? [ ]
A．tastes best B．smells most
C．drinks mostly D．sounds best
4．----Hello, Tom, where were you last night ?---- ____ . [ ]
A．To Brown's
B．To the Browns'
C．In Brown's
D．In the Browns'
5．Thank you very much indeed． That's ____ of you. [ ]
A．kindest B．most kind
C．the kinder D．the most kind
6．The meeting was put off, ____ was exactly ____ we wanted. [ ]
A．it；that B．as；that
C．which； what D．this ；what
7．His suit has become loose． He seems ____ weight. [ ]
A．to lose B．being lost
C．losing D．to have lost
8．----Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ [ ]
----Sorry to say I didn't． It was a meeting than a party.
A．more ofB．rather like
C．less of D．more or less
9．----Where is George？ He said he would meet me here at 3 O'clock. [ ]
----He seems ____ with Mr Brown in the office.
A．to talk
B．to be talking
C．to have talked
D．talking
10．They found there was ____ to weigh such an elephant. [ ]
A．big enough nothing
B．nothing enough big
C．enough nothing big
D．nothing big enough
答案：1～5 BCADB 6～10 CDABD
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：倒装(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
倒 装
(一)疑问句多数是倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问词或被疑问词修饰的，整个句子是自然语序，本身就是个正装句
A. Who invented the machine?
B. What impressed you most?
C. What has happened to Tom?
D. How many people took part in the demonstration?
E. Which team won the game?
(二)there be结构是倒装句，除be以外，live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充当该结构的谓语
A. About 2, 300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.
B. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom.
C. For there lay the Combs-the set of combs that Della had worshipped for many months in a shop window.
(三)only放在句首修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时要倒装，其他情况就不构成倒装式了。如果谓语动词是单个实意动词，倒装时加do的相应形式(即do, does, 或did)
A. Only in this way can you succeed.
B. Only yesterday did I hear of the accident.
C. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
D. Only my parents know the secret. (不倒装)
(四)表示否定意义的词放在句首时要倒装
hardly, scarcely, never, not, not until, not only, seldom, little等。
A. Never shall I forget it.
B. Not a single mistake did he make.
C. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
D. Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
E. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 请注意下列这组句子。
A. She didn't change her mind until yesterday. (正装句)
B. Not until yesterday did she change her mind. (倒装句)
C. It was not until yesterday that she changed her mind. (强调句不倒装)
(五)把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)，只用于肯定句
A. He has been to Beijing, So have I.
B. They like English very much. So does John.
C. Society has changed and so have the people in it.
但如果后面的句子是对前面句子的内容加以确认的话，那么也把so放在句首，不过后面主谓不倒装。
A. There was clearly nothing left to do but drop herself onto the shabby couch and weep. So Della did.
B. I said I was going to visit him. So I did.
C. He studies hard. So he does.
(六)如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词含有be动词，助动词或情态动词，可将if省略，而把be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词移到主语前，构成倒装句
If it had not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (正装句)
A.
Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (倒装句)
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
B.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?(倒装句)
(七)在某些让步状语从句中用倒装结构
A. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.
B. Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity.
C. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(八)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装结构
A. Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!
B. May you both be happy!
(九)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时常常把表语或状语部分放在谓语动词前
A. On the ground lay an old sick goat.
B. There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire.
C. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning. ”
D. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
(十)宾语在多数情况下都紧跟在谓语后面，但当我们特别想强调宾语时，亦可放到主语前面，但句中的主谓不倒装
This they kept for themselves.
All this he fixed together with glue, string, wax and many wires.
(十一)so…that结构中的so置于句首时，需要倒装
A. So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.
B. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next house could hear him.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇13：高三英语教学初探 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高三英语教学初探
周至四中 张荣利
众所周知，高三这一学年里，英语教师既要完成高中英语第三册的教学，又要带领学生进行会考、高考的复习备考，再加上我们农村地区的学生英语基础差，要让学生在一年内成绩有较大的提高，可谓任务紧、压力大。那麽，如何更加有效的进行教学呢？
分析历年考题后，我们会发现，高考、会考在重视英语基础知识的同时，都突出以测试语言运用能力为主的原则，形成了以篇章阅读为主的试题布局。说到底，高三复习最终目的是提高英语语言运用的能力。因此我的做法是这样的：
一、新课教学与单元复习同步进行.--------以新带旧,复习总结
边进行高三的课文教学，边对高中的内容如语音、词汇、语法和惯用法等语言知识进行查缺补漏和系统化训练。每单元除精选课本上的词汇、语法、填空或阅读理解习题进行即时训练外，还结合高考第一轮复习资料《创新设计》上高三部分套题对学生进行反馈训练。这些套题为每2单元一套，包括短语翻译15个，单词拼写10个，句形转换5个，单项选择15题（基本包括本单元主要语言点）、完型填空1篇。同时适当穿插语法专项、句型翻译、阅读理解和完型填空强化习题，印发一些范文让学生背。并告诉学生：词汇、短语的学习不能脱离语篇。要求同学通过诵读课文、范文，试着造句加深对词语与重点句型的印象。
二、加强词汇教学,积累语言信息．---------稳固根基,加强交际应用
在平时教学中对所学英语知识进行归纳总结，将零散的、孤单的知识有机地结合起来，使已学知识网络化，形成一个完整的知识体系，从而摸索出、总结出带规律性的东西，提高复习效率。比如：
（1）“点”： 归纳常用、常考重点词汇的基本用法、语法特点、适用条件以及相关知识点，特别是一些使用频率教高的动词，如 need, consider, suggest, expect, prefer 等。例如 suggest, 可表示“建议”，也表示“暗示”“表明” 等意义；还有suggest doing的结构, 以及做宾语从句时要用虚拟句型suggest that sb.（should）do 的结构，而作“暗示”、“表明”时则要用陈述语气；据此还可以联想到所带宾语从句中用虚拟语气的相关动词insist, demand, order, advice等。
（2） “线”：对有共同用法特点的词汇进行归纳、串联，形成知识链。如，既可作实义动词又可作系动词的词有：sound，smell，taste，get，become，turn，grow，come，fall，go，remain，look，appear，seem等。又如常用动名词（不能用不定式）作宾语的动词有：mind, enjoy, finish, imagine, suggest, avoid, practise, delay, appreciate, risk，等。
(3） “面”：由点及线，由线及面，培养发散思维和知识迁移的能力。对搭配能力强的词汇在复习时让学生先进行归纳复习。如复习Put用法时，马上想到Put away,put aside,put sth.in order,put on,put up with,put through等 。再区别记忆。
(4) “分”： 英语近义、同义词的学习和归纳可以扩大知识面，增强语言的使用能力。如在复besides 用法时，可以联系except, but, except for, except that, but for, apart from, other than 等词汇的词义区别和用法。再如: dress, be in ..., put on, have on, wear等词汇都可以表示“穿戴”，但他们的意义和用法的区别在哪？
（5）“合”：正确处理语法教学和阅读教学的关系：
要摆脱语法束缚，就得学好语法，逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。现行教材强调交际和运用，可是交际并不排斥语法，我们不能孤立地谈交际、阅读，更不能片面地教语法。这是两个极端。语言的基本功能就是交际，就是用来交流思想和看法的，很难想象一个满口病句错句的人能把他自己的思想准确无误地表达出来。形式是为内容服务的，适当的语言形式(即语法)应在运用中、在篇章阅读中让学生不断体会，进行自我总结，再由老师简要归纳，最后为学生所掌握。
三、检测：
实施单元训练和月考制度。单元训练每单元学完进行一次，重点是对阅读理解、完形填空和写作的考查，测试时量不超过45分钟，题量为一张8开试卷纸（双面）。
四、专项突破
单项选择
1、这种题型知识面考查范围较宽,要通过上下文中的暗示,附加信息掌握语境,正确推测对话双方的关系,选择符合西方文化习俗的正确答语;
2、在题中加入插入语成分、或故意打破句子的结构和平衡、或故意前置增加迷惑性;
3、句子结构题:考查强调句型、倒装句型、省略句型;
4、习语搭配型:提高区别相近习语混淆的能力;
5、逻辑题型:考查上下文的逻辑关系,选择恰当的连词;
6、将基础的语法、时态融入特设的愈境中,这时附加信息对答案有直接的影响;
完型填空
完形填空实际上是从词汇、语法、篇章、语境和用英语思维等方面对学生进行综合考查。所以，应从以下三个方面入手训练学生做完形填空的思维能力和解题技巧：
1．充分利用首句信息，掌握文章大意；
2．利用同位结构、破折号、上下文对词汇、词组进行推测;
3．掌握全文基本时态;
4、利用语篇标志解题;
语篇标志即:表明语篇内在联系的词语。如表示结构层次的firstly ,secondly ,finally等;表示逻辑关系的thus, therefore, so ;表示改变话题的by the way ,on the contrary,;表示递进的besides, what’s more ,further等;表示时间的before, after, so far, meanwhile ,later等;
5．利用语法知识分析句子结构；
6．利用词性和词语辨析法来解题；
7．利用文化背景和生活常识解题。
高考完形填空所选文章都堪称精品，其逻辑必是上下贯通，其脉络也必是井然有序，令人信服。因此，做完完形填空以后，应从文章的内在逻辑入手，看所选答案是否经得起推敲，是否能自然融入整个语篇，如果有游离于文章主旨之外或与整篇文章的逻辑相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。
阅读理解
阅读能力一直是高考英语测试的主题，完型填空题也是以阅读能力为基础的。因此，在平时的教学中，我们尽量采用整体教学法，注意培养学生的下列能力：
1．理解文章主旨大义的能力；
2．获取课文中重点细节的能力；
3．根据上下文、词缀推测生词词义的能力；
4．根据文章的内容和提供的线索做出简单判断和推理的能力；
5．理解文章基本结构和逻辑关系的能力；
6．理解作者基本意图和基本态度的能力；
7．分清文章中的事实和观点的能力；
8．理解指代关系的能力；
9．理解图表信息的能力；
10．预测下文的能力。
在进行专项复习中，让学生限时阅读，培养他们快速阅读的技巧。对于学生无法读懂的文章，采用泛读和精读相结合的办法，通过对语义的解析，使同学理解语篇。阅读训练的重点是主旨大意和推理能力的培养。同时，课外给学生一定的阅读量，使他们熟悉各种体裁的文章，提高阅读能力。同时注意文章的时效性，题材的多样化。特别关注人与人、人与自然的和谐，健康与饮食，环保与节能内容的文章。
短文改错
1、检查是否“三一致，”即：主谓一致，指代一致，时态一致；
2、平行结构的一致：由and,but 连接或是比较状语结构是否前后一致；是否该省略“to”;是否是并列谓语；
3、用词的准确性，是否夹杂了文化差异；
4、并列与转折：根据上下文，选择恰当的连词；
5、逻辑推理与语意呼应：上下文的语意是否一致；
6、介词、动词是否搭配一致；
7、冠词是否恰当，是不是零冠词；
8、形容词是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级；
9、名词的数与格；
10、注意隔行句（每行只有一个错）；
书面表达
写作的过程与达标是一个渐进的过程。在高中的整个课文教学中，要求学生背诵每篇课文中的典型句式和表达好的句式。在高三的作文讲解中，也要重视对学生组句成文、文法知识、各种文体的行文方法的指导和对学生进行范文引导和习文点评。同时通过汉译英、词语造句的练习来强化学生对句法和文章结构的理解与认识。这样，学生在训练过程中逐步积累题型训练经验、获得答题技巧，提高语言交际运用能力。以下是注意事项：
1. 加强遣词造句的训练。把握五种基本句型结构，避免中式英语，力使句子语言生动、精练；
2. 练习篇章写作。循序渐进，仿写、改写、缩写、扩写，正确使用过渡词语；
3. 规范使用大小写和标点符号，避免非文字信息的丢分；
4. 注意人称、时态的一致和文章格式；
5. 学会审题，思路清晰，拟好提纲，避免要点错漏；
6. 字数适中，书写规范，卷面整洁。
五、考前训练
专项训练结束后，再进行NMET的适应性训练。训练学生审查试卷和填涂答题卡的习惯，养成良好的适应考试的能力，使学生在考试中能够发挥正常水平。时间分配上，建议单项选择用12分钟，完型填空用18分钟，阅读理解用40到45分钟，单词拼写和改错题用10分钟，写作（包括阅读填空）用25到30分钟，填涂答题卡用5分钟（建议每做完一个大题填涂一次，避免出错和没时间填涂）。
总之，高三的教学重点就在于通过第一轮对基础知识的系统复习、归纳、整理、深化，第二轮的专项训练和第三轮的模拟训练，完成由知识向应用能力的成功转化，使学生具备参加高考的能力和取胜的信心。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇14：补语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
补语
一、目标
通过本章学习, 使学生了解主动语态句子中宾语补足语的概念、使用方法及被动语态中主语补足语的使用。
二、重点和难点
不定式、分词、形容词、名词及with sb./sth.+补语结构
三、方法
1．We mean that part of the sentence which stands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.
2．A．At the meeting we elected him monitor.
把him与monitor扩展成一个句子则成为：He is a monitor.
B．What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
把Xiao Wang与angry扩展成一个句子则成为：Xiao Wang is angry.
3．名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
4．Nouns used as objective complements.
Please do the following translations:
A．他们让他当会议主席。
B．我认为你弟弟是个聪明的孩子。
C．年轻的父亲给他的宝宝起名叫“强强”。
D．我认为这是撒谎。
E．你们选玲玲当经理了吗？
5．How many verbs can be followed the nouns used as by objective complements? And what are they?
6．形容词是否可以作宾补？请翻译下列句子：
A．我发现教室空无一人。
B．他们把丝绸染成红色。
C．别把布料裁得太短。
D．一切都准备好了吗？
E．这消息几乎令他发疯。
7．Generally speaking, the following can be followed by adjectives used as the objective complements: find, make, keep, cut, paint, push, drive, leave…
8．副词
A．Please call the students back at once.
B．He was seen to take his cap off.
C．It was John who took the baby upstairs.
D．I joined the two pieces of wood together.
E．Please keep yourselves off the grass.
F．We wished the talk at an end.
9．副词作宾语补足语比较难于掌握, 对高中学生来说, 多用于理解, 而不强求会用。
10．不定式
在高中阶段我们只学过如下九个及物动词后边的不定式作宾补省略to：
let, make, have, feel, see, watch, hear, observe, notice, 从日常应用的角度看, 记住上边的九个动词基本就够用了。
11．Without“to”:
A．I can't have you say so.
B．You should try your best to make him understand that.
C．I noticed the thief steal into the room.
D．We observed the students do the physics experiment.
E．I felt my hands tremble.
能够跟不定式作宾补的词很多, 我们应当在使用中注意积累。
12．现在分词作宾补
have, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, 注意make后边不能跟现在分词作补语。
13．过去分词作宾补
在 have, make, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, get后
如： get one's hair cut
have one's hair cut
make oneself understood
keep one's mouth shut
find the work done
14．上述凡能跟宾语补足语的动词, 当它们出现在被动语态的句子中时, 原来被称为宾语补足语的部分则被称为主语补足语。需要指出的一点是, 原来不定式作宾补省略to的动词变成被动语态时, to不能省。
A．We call him Lao Wang.
主 谓 宾补
He is called Lao wang.
主 谓 主 补
B．We made him copy the sentence.
主 谓 宾 补
He is made to copy the sentence.
主 谓 主补
C．We asked him to sing us a song.
主 谓 宾 补
He is asked to sing us a song.
主 谓 补
需要说明的地方是have sb. do sth.一般不用于被动语态。 let sb. do sth.一般情况下也不用被动语态。
Students
1．What do you mean by the objective complement?
2．在一个句子中谓语动词是及物动词时, 后边必须跟宾语, 如果宾语后边仍有一个能与它构成逻辑上主谓关系的部分, 我们则称其为宾语补足语。
C．We hear him singing in the hall.
把him与singing扩展成一个句子则成为：He is singing.
3．什么可以在句子中作宾补？
4．
A．They made him chairman of the meeting.
B．I think（consider） your brother a clever boy.
C．The young father named his baby “Qiang-qiang.”
D．We call this lying.
E．Have you elected Ling-ling manager?
5．They are: elect, make, name, call, think, consider…
6．形容词也可以作宾补：
A．I found the classroom empty.
B．They dyed the silk red.
C．Don't cut the cloth too short.
D．Have you got everything ready?
E．The news almost drove him mad.
7．间或我们还能见到这样的句子：
Don't swallow it whole.
I bought it cheap.
也即是说swallow与buy后边也可跟形容词作宾补, 只是不常用罢了。
8．We use adverbs as well as prepositional phrases to be the objective complements less frequently than we use adjectives.
A．请叫这些学生们立即回来。
B．只见他脱下了帽子。
C．是John把孩子带上楼的。
D．我把两块木头接到了一起。
E．请你们不要践踏草地。
F．我们希望谈话快点结束。
9．We think it a bit difficult for us students to use adverbs to be the objective complements.
10．不定式作宾补分带to与不带to两种。因为在做练习时我们常见到这样的句子：
We saw him enter the hall.
I forced him to tell me the truth.
另外help后边的不定式不论是作宾语还是作宾语补足语, to省与不省没有关系。
11．With“to”:
A．I believe him to be honest.
B．He allowed me to use his car.
C．All parents forbid their children to play with fire.
D．Can you get some students to help me with the work?
E．What caused the Second World War to break out?
12．
A．It's too cold inside, please keep the fire burning.
B．When I pushed the door open,
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
13．
A．He saw his face reflected in the water.
B．I heard it spoken of in the next room.
C．I'll get it done in one day or two.
D．How much will it cost to have it repaired ?
E．We observed the door unlocked.
14．
A．He is seen to stand up and go out.
只见他站起来并走了出去。
B．He was observed to open the window.
有人见到他把窗子打开。
C．The students were watched to play basketball.
人们观看学生们打篮球。
D．Air can be felt to be exist if you blow to your hand.
如果你对着手吹气, 就能感觉到空气的存在。
E．They were encouraged to practise speaking English.
人们鼓励他们练习讲英语。
四、精选题
1．Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. [ ]
A．to have studied
B．to study
C．to be studying
D．to have been studying
2．I saw the man ____ down and the driver ____ away. [ ]
A．knocking； driven
B．knock；driving
C．knocked；driving
D．knocked； drive
3．----Is there anything I can do for you ? [ ]
----I'd like to have these materials ____ by ten o'clock.
A．printed
B．print
C．printing
D．to print
4．who did the teacher ____ an article for the wall newspaper? [ ]
A．has write
B．has written
C．have write
D．have written
答案：1～4 ADAC
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇15：从句(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
从 句
(一)定语从句
(1)as可引起定语从句，常和such, same连用，有时可代表主句所表达的内容，译作“这一点”、“这件事”。
A. My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
B. Such people as you describe are very common now.
C. This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
D. As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made earth satellite.
(2)表示地点的名词、表示时间的名词和表示原因的名词作先行词时，关系词不一定是where, when和why。如果它们在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，则应用which。
I'll never forget the day when you said good-bye to me.
A.
October 1st, 1949 is a day which the Chinese people will never forget.
This is the room where he was born.
B.
This is the room which he bought four weeks ago.
This is the reason why she was absent yesterday.
C.
This is the reason which she gave for her absence yesterday.
(3)在定语从句中关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，谓语应与主句中先行词保持一致。
A. The man who is standing there looks worried.
B. Those who have seen the picture enjoy it very much.
He is one of those boys who are fond of music.
C.
He is the only one of those boys who is fond of music.
(4)定语从句通常和所修饰的先行词紧紧相连，但是如果主句的谓语部分很短，那么定语从句可放在谓语部分后面以保持句子的平衡。
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
但要注意“我把昨天买的书放在桌上”这个句子。
正：I put the books which I bought yesterday on the desk.
误：I put the books on the desk which I bought yesterday.
(5)当有二个或二个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，用that而不用who, whom, which。
The letter and the little boy that we had discovered disappeared again.
(二)状语从句
(1)注意连词as的一词多义：
A. He had to make a living by selling newspapers as he was only a little boy. (“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句)
B. As he was not well, I decided to go without him. (“由于、鉴于”，引导原因状语从句)
C. He is not the same man as he used to be. (“正如”，定语从句)
D. Things are not always as they seem. (表语从句)
E. Young as he is, he knows a lot. (“虽然，尽管”，让步状语从句)
F. Please state the facts as they are. (“按照，如同”，方式状语从句)
G. The work is not so easy as you imagine. (“像……一样”，比较状语从句)
(2)表示条件的状语从句除由if和whether引导外，还可由unless, suppose, in case, so(as)long as, on condition(that), provided(that)引导，并注意在条件状语从句中不能用将来式。
A. We shall go outing unless it snows.
B. You'll get there in time so long as the bus doesn't break down.
C. You can borrow the book on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.
D. Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.
E. Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
F. I will go provided that my expenses are paid.
(3)whatever相当于no matter what, whenever相当于no matter when，以此类推，可引导让步状语从句。
Whatever happens, we're determined to fulfill the task.
A.
No matter what happens, we're determined to fulfill the task.
Whatever dictionary you have, lend it to me.
B.
No matter what dictionary you have, lend it to me.
注意：当whatever作名词性从句的连词时，就不能和no matter交换使用了。
正：Whatever she did is perfect.
误：No matter what she did is perfect.
正：Take whatever you want.
误：Take no matter what you want.
(4)where, when引导的从句，无先行词是状语从句，有先行词则是定语从句。
A. We'll go where the Party needs us. (地点状语从句)
We'll go to the place where the Party needs us. (定语从句)
B. He came when we needed help. (时间状语从句)
He came at a time when we needed help. (定语从句)
(5)while和when的区别
while和when都可作“当……的时候”解，都可引导时间状语从句。while后的从句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词，而when则瞬间动词和延续性动词都可用。
A. My mother entered the room while I was doing some sewing.
B. 正：When I had finished the work, I took a rest.
误：While I had finished the work, I took a rest.
While还可作“而，然而”解，when则没有这个意思。
A. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
B. I am a late riser while my sister is an early bird.
when有时可作and then解，而while却不能。
A. I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
B. I went out for a walk, when I met John.
(6)though, when, while, if, till, until等引导的状语从句中的省略
当某些表示让步、方式、时间、条件的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同，且谓语动词又包含be动词，那么这种状语从句中的主谓都可省略。
A. The article is very important though(it is)short.
B. When still a boy of ten(When he was still a boy of ten), he started working to support himself.
C. Do not leave the machine till told to do so(till you are told to do so).
D. If (he is) too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighborhood affairs.
E. While (he was) in school, Kim worked hard to study his chosen subject, computer science.
F. He acted as if (he was) certain of success.
固定词组if(when, where)necessary(possible)是if(when, where) it is necessary (possible)的省略形式。
A. Fill in the blanks with proper articles where(it is) necessary.
B. Whenever possible (Whenever it was possible), one of them would stop him, make him stand at attention and ask him the three questions.
(7)if作“如果”解，引导状语从句，此时应注意从句中谓语动词不能用将来式；if作“是否”解，引导宾语从句，从句中该用什么时态就用什么时态。
A. I don't know if he will come tomorrow. (“是否”，宾语从句)
B. If he comes tomorrow, I'll tell him about it. (“如果”，状语从句)
(三)主语从句
(1)当主语从句在意义上和语法上都完整的情况下，连词必不可少。
A. That she was chosen made us very happy.
B. That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
当主语从句放在句首使句子显得笨重时，一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词it作形式主语。
A. It is strange that he didn't come yesterday.
B. It's not your fault that this has happened.
(2)表示“是否”的主语从句用whether引导，一般不用if引导。
A. Whether or not she will go is up to her to decide.
B. It is not yet known whether they will send a delegation to the conference.
(3)由连接代词(what除外)或连接副词引起的主语从句，可以直接放在句首作主语，也可放到句子后面，前面用it作形式主语。
When we shall have our discussion is still a question.
It is still a question when we shall have our discussion.
但如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构了：
Has it been announced who will take part in this important job?
(4)无论主语从句有多长，一般作单数处理。
A. Whether we do it this or that way doesn't matter too much.
B. That you have achieved so much in such a short time is really something unthinkable.
(四)表语从句
(1)系动词后面的从句是表语从句。除be动词以外，常用的系动词还有：
A. 单纯表示一个特征或状态：feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear;
B. 表示由一种状态变为另一种状态：become, turn, get, grow, fall, go, come, run;
C. 保持某种状态：remain, continue, stay, keep, prove
(2)引导表语从句的连词是that, whether和as if
A. The fact remains that we are still behind the other classes.
B. The question is whether it is worth doing.
C. It looked as if it was going to snow.
(3)请注意“他没来学校的原因是因为他病了”这个句子。
误：The reason why he doesn't come to school is because he is ill.
正：The reason why he doesn't come to school is that he is ill.
(五)宾语从句
(1)宾语从句在双宾语中充当直接宾语。
A. Please advise me which book I should read first.
B. Mr. Smith explained to them that John had told him all about his past when he asked for a job in his factory.
C. You may ask the policeman how you can get to the Shanghai Indoor Stadium.
(2)在介词后面的宾语从句。
A. The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth.
B. The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
C. The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight.
(3)带复合宾语的从句中，that引导的从句常常移到后部去，前面用it作形式宾语。
A. I took it for granted that they were not coming.
B. We all thought it a pity that our team should have lost the game.
C. They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
(4)陈述部分带that从句作宾语时，作反意问句的疑问尾句应与主句的主谓保持一致。
A. I have told him many times that he should observe traffic regulations, haven't I?
B. You never told us why you were late for the last meeting, did you?
当陈述部分的主句是I think(suppose, believe, expect, imagine)时，反意问句的疑问尾句往往与that从句中的主谓保持一致。
A. I don't suppose he cares, does he?
B. I think you two have met before, haven't you?
(六)同位语从句
(1)同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如idea, news, fact, promise, rumour, hope, belief,
thought, doubt, answer, message)后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容，用连词that或连接副词how, when, where等引导。
A. During the first hundred years of my stay in the sea, I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
B. You have no idea how worried I was!
C. One of the men held the view that what the book said was right.
D. Braille had to face the fact that he would go to a special school for the blind in Paris.
(2)如果主句的谓语很短，为了保持句子平衡，可将谓语放在前面，而将同位语从句放在后面。
A. Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
B. News reached England that they were receiving little care.
(3)在on condition that, in spite of the fact that后的从句也是同位语从句。
A. I'll lend you this money on condition that you give it back in two months. B. He came to the meeting, in spite of the fact that he was very ill.
(4)定语从句和同位语从句的先行词都是名词，如果该引导词既在从句中充当成分，又能代替所修饰的先行词，则是定语从句；
如果该引导词在从句中不充当成分，或虽充当成分却不能代替所修饰的先行词，那么这个句子就是同位语从句。
He didn't tell us the date when he would start. (定语从句)
A.
I have no idea when he will start. (同位语从句)
Often, we read to discover facts that we didn't find in our first reading. (定语从句)
B.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. (同位语从句)
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇16：并列句(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
并列句
(一)何谓并列结构
一个英语句子有时候具有两个或两个以上相互连接而又属于同一层次即具有相同句法功能的语言结构，这种结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上平行的词、词组或分词：
Are we to have the speech contest today or tomorrow?(并列连词or连接两个平行的单词)
You can go to Beijing either by train or by plane. (并列连词either…or连接两个平行的词组)
Hurry up, or we shall be late for the lecture. (or连接两句分句)
并列成分有时候不用逗号而用连词加以连接；一般讲，逗号用来连接平行的单词居多：
Fuel, rice, oil, salt--these are chief daily necessities of life. (柴米油盐--这些是主要的生活日用品。)
在现代英语里，逗号常被用来连接两个短的独立分句，如He is absent, he is ill. 实际上，这两个简短的独立分句含有因果关系，这个逗号等于从属连词because，用逗号来取代使引文更为简炼。
(二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别
引导并列结构的并列连词有and, or, but, so, for, nor等，并列连词包括关联连词both…and, either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also, as well as, as much as等。并列连词也包括连接性副词，如however, hence, therefore, besides, moreover, yet, anyway,
consequently, still, nevertheless, all the same等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别：
1. 位置上的区别
连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首，前面通常有逗号：
Lopez left For Woodside(美新译西州一城市)the day before yesterday, and he won't be back till the end of the month.
I must work harder, for I still have a long way to go.
Pay him back, or he will bring a suit against you. (快还他钱，不然他要向你起诉。)They all went, but I didn't(go).
连接性副词的位置较灵活，既可放在句首，也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多：
Father is ill; therefore ，he doesn't go to work today.
置于句首
Father is ill; he, therefore， doesn't go to work today.
置于句首
Father is ill; he doesn't go work today, therefore.
置于句末
2. 用法的区别
两个并列连词不可以连用：
Oscar and I go to the club every Saturday evening, and but we play bridge there. (根据句意，应把but划掉。)
但并列连词却可以和连接性副词连用：
He is not in favor of the plan, and yet he raised no objection.
(三)一些常见并列连词的用法
1. and
(1)表示动作或事物的先后
I heard a crash and went out to see what had happened.
The pictures and the sound are relayed by the communication satellites. And they are received in all parts of the world.
注意，and也可置于独立分开的分句句首。
(2)表示意义上的增补
The relations between the two countries are improving: a trade agree--ment has been signed and a cultural exchange(has been)arranged.
and连接的分句a cultural exchange(has been)arranged在意义上增补前面的分句a trade agreement has been signed。
(3)表示意义上的转折或让步
He tried hard, and(=and yet)he failed to get the job.
掌握and的这一用法，便能正确理解下面一句在西方极为流行的谚语：
You can't eat your cake and have it.
显然，这里的and=and yet, 表示意义上的转折，指你可不能又要把蛋糕吃下肚同时又要把它保持下来，即“不能两全其美”之意。
(4)表示对照
Jack is clever and(=but) Jane is dull.
(5)表示对第一分句的评注
John failed to pass the entrance examination, and that's too bad.
(6)and连接两个或两个以上相同的名词可以表示数量众多的含意
In Holland, everywhere you go, you find water and water.
and在口语体中还经常被用来连接两个比较级的形容词或副词，表示“越来越……”这一逐步增强的含义：
The wind blew harder and harder.
and连接两个比较级副词，表示“风刮得越来越大”。
It's getting warmer and warmer.
and连接两个比较级形容词，表示“天气越来越热”。
在讲话中and也常用来连接两个或两个以上相同的动词，表示动作的不断重复或持续进行：
We talked and talked till it was midnight.
连续不断的动作有时也可由and连接两个或两个以上相同的名词或具有“继续”含义的相同小品词来表示：
“Sail on and on and on, ”said Columbus to the sailors.
That night, we talked for hours and hours till the day broke.
for hours and hours意义上=for a very long time.
We walked for miles and miles till it was dark, and then we went home.
for miles and miles相等于for a very long distance.
(7)当and连接两个形容词，而前面的形容词是nice, good, fine或rare时，and加上它前面的形容词实质上变成副词，对后面的形容词表示修饰的从属关系：
The room is nice and cozy.
nice and cozy=very cozy
It's good and cool outside.
good and cool=quite cool
The children are fine and joyful in the nursery.
fine and joyful=finely joyful, 即very joyful。
The girl is rare and beautiful.
rare and beautiful=rarely beautiful, 即uncommonly beautiful(美得出奇)。
and的这种用法在口语中很普通。
(8)and连接祈使句和陈述句以表示条件，即祈使句+ and=if：
Press the button and the machine runs by itself.
祈使句 陈述句
(=If you press the button, the machine will run by itself. )
Make another effort and you will succeed.
祈使句 陈述句
(=If you make another effort, you will succeed. )
注意两点：
a. 在口语中，有时可省去and以逗号代之：
Take the offer, you will never regret it.
b. 祈使句中的动词有时也可省去：
Another effort, and you will succeed. another前的动词make省略。One more word and I'll knock you flat(摆平你)。one前面的动词say也被省略。
(9)and连接某些动词(包括某些词组)和另一动词以表示目的，结构为：动词(必须原形式)+ and+ 动词(也是原形式)。
一般有以下这些动词：
go/come/run/mind/learn/send/try/stay/stop/write/remember/take care/be sure
在上列结构中and=不定式符号to, 故表示目的。如：
Try and get(=Try to get)the work done today.
The meeting is very important. You must mind and arrive(=mind to arrive)punctually.
I'll write and thank him(=write to thank him).
You look ill. You'd better go and see(=go to see) a doctor.
在现代口语里，go(或come)and see中的and往往都被省略，如“I'll go ask her. ”和“I'll go see my brother. ”
(10)and的一些常见习惯用法
a. and that+ 副词
and that用来代表前面分句中的整个谓语以避免重复。这是一种强势句法。试比较下列三组例句：
Something must be done about it without delay.
*Something must be done about it, and that without delay.
and that代表must be done about it, 是强势式。
He speaks Spanish very well.
*He speaks Spanish, and that very well.
and that代表speaks Spanish, 是强势式
He will come soon
*He will come, and that soon.
and that代表will come, 是强势
b. and all用于俗语，作“等等”，“以及其他一切”解：
To save the little boy from drowning, the man jumped into the river, clothes and all (衣服等一概未脱)。
The fire burnt the books, clothes, furniture and all. (那场火把书籍“衣服”家俱以及其他所有东西统统烧光了。)
c. and all that用于口语，意思是“等等”；“诸如此类的东西”。(=and other things of that kind)
You can get paper, ink, chalk and all that in the little store at the street corner. (在街上拐角的那家小商店里可以买到纸张、墨水、粉笔之类的东西。)
You have really been very kind to me, my hearty thanks and all that. (你对我确实是深情厚谊，我衷心地感谢你，不一一地讲了。)
d. and so on; and so forth; and so on and so forth
以上三式意义相同，都作“等等”；“如此等等”解：
The marchers carried banners, balloons, models, charts, bouquets and so on. (游行的人们拿着旗帜、汽球、模型、图表、花束等等东西。)
e. and the like作“之类”；“等等”解：
In the Kindergarten, the children learn singing, dancing, drawing, and the like.
f. and then some
这一句习惯用语在美国口语里常用；意思是“此外还有许多”；“还有好多好多”：
My uncle gave me two pencils, a pencil sharpener, a rubber, and then some. (我的叔叔给了我两支铅笔，一只卷笔刀，一块橡皮，还有好多好多东西。)
I'm afraid the expensive new car would cost all your money and then some. (恐怕把你们所有的钱都花掉买这部昂贵的新汽车还不够哩。)
g. and the rise
系美国口语常用语，作“还多些”；“不止于此”；“…以上”解：
There are eight hundred thousand volumes in our library and the rise. (我们图书馆有八十万册以上的书。)
h. and what not口语常用语，和and so on(或forth)同义，作“以及其他”；“等等”解：
He sent me some books, magazines, newspapers, pictorials and what not.
Children love to have toys, pictures and what not.
i. enough and to spare作“很多”；“绰绰有余”解，可用作定语短语和名词短语：
You two could have come with us; there was food enough and to spare for three more people. (你们两位本来可以和我们一起来，饭菜再有三个人也够吃。)用作定语
We have heard enough and to spare of his selfishness. (他的自私自利我们听得多了。)用作名词
2. both…and…
both…and…是对and意义的强化，但在用法上和and有如下的区别：
(1)and可以连接两个以上的并列成分，而both…and…只能连接两个属同一层次，即语法结构相同的并列成分：
Both Martha and her sister paid a visit to China not long ago. (连接两个并列的主语)
I teach myself both physics and mathematics. (连接两个并列的宾语)
Kenneth is both clever and diligent. (连接两个并列的用作表语的形容词)
Judith is a versatile girl. She can both sing and dance. (连接两个并列的动词)
(2)and可连接分句，both…and…则不能连接分句。
both Eric cleaned the windows and Ernest swept the floor.
在上句中，both…and…各连接一个分句，故不能成立，应改为：
Eric cleaned the windows and Ernest swept the floor. (and连接分句)
或：While Eric cleaned the windows, Ernest swept the floor. (and连接分句)
或：Eric(或Ernest)both cleaned the windows and swept the floor. (both…and…各连接一个谓语)
或：both Eric and Ernest cleaned the windows and swept the floor.
在这最后一句中，both…and…各连接一个主语，故在语法上能成立；但注意，句意是“Eric和Ernest俩人都揩了窗，又拖了地板”。
both…and…的用法中还要注意两个问题：
a. both…and…可以和at once…and…互换使用，意义上无区别：
I am at once (=both)a teacher and a student. (我既当老师又当学生。)
The writer's satirical essays were at once(=both)incisive and forceful, exposing the evils of society like a surgeon's scalpel. (作者的讽刺文章既锋利又泼辣，好像外科医生的手术刀揭露了社会的弊病。)
注意，只有在at once…and…这一词组中，at once才=both。
b. 在both…and…这一结构中，不能用as well as来代替both, …as well as…不能成立。
3. nor; neither nor和neither都是表示“也不”这一否定意义的并列连词，它们用法相同a. nor/neither单独用来连接并列成分时，前面部分通常都用否定式，nor/neither后面部分则不能用否定式，因nor/neither已含有否定意义：
Peter is a decent fellow. He won't do it, nor/neither Considers it.
否定式 肯定式
Anthony is not clever, nor/neitherヾiligent.
否定式 肯定式
b. nor/neither连接的后面并列成分是分句时，则其主谓须倒装：
Peter is a decent fellow. He won't do it, nor/neither will he consider it.
Anthony is not clever, nor /neither is he diligent.
Martha can't speak Spanish, nor/neither can her sister.
Yance does not drug (吸毒)，nor/neither does his brother.
Cannis has never been abroad, nor/neither have I.
注意，由于neither和nor都带有副词性质，故它们前面可以加上and或but:
You cannot lift it, and nor/and neither can I.
I didn't clean the room, but nor/but neither did you.
c. nor通常后面连接一个并列成分，但有时也可连好几个并列成分：
Futter does not ride, nor shoot, nor fish, nor swim.
4. neither…nor…
neither…nor…一起用时，作为关联性的并列连词，连接语法功能相同的平行结构：
Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词)
The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词)
I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语)
The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词)
Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语)
I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句)
注意：
(1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装：
I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so.
Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother.
(2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致：
Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与I靠近，故用am。)
Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。)
(3)neither…nor…作“既不…也不…”解，故谓语动词必须用肯定式，不能用否定式：
He is frightened by neither hardship nor danger. (谓语用肯定式，不能用否定式not frightened。)
Neither you nor your brother can do it. (同上，谓语动词不能用cannot do it。)
(4)neither…nor…也可连接两个以上的并列成分：
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer
5. or
(1)表示选择：
Which do you prefer, this one or that one?
You can go with us or stay at home.
They parted for one reason or another.
(2)表示同位关系或一种改换的说法：
Seaweeds, or algae, do not have roots like higher land plants. (海菜即海澡同较高地势的植物一样，是无根的。)
The workers are satisfied now, or at least they do not make any more complaints. (工人们现在感到满意了，或者至少说他们已不再抱怨。)
(3)表示不确定或含混的说法：
The accident happened two or three weeks ago.
I put the novel in the bookcase or somewhere.
在表示“不确定”或“大约”这一概念时，or有两个常用短语：
a. or so(左右；前后)
We'll stay here for a month or so.
I'll be back in a week or so.
There will be sixty or so people at the New Year get-together(新年联欢会). (注意，也可说sixty people or so。)
(4)or something(表示不能十分肯定)或是什么；或是做点什么)
Don't idle away your time; do some reading or something. (别虚度光阴，还是读点书或是做点别的什么事儿。)
Haven't seen you for ages! Have you moved or something? (好久没见到你了，你是搬了地方还是什么的?)
He is engaged in carpentry or something. (他是做木匠或别的什么的。)
(5)表示否定的条件：
Put on your overcoat, or(不然)you will catch cold. (=if you do not put on your overcoat)
I must work doubly hard(加倍努力)，or I'll fail in the entrance examination. (=if I do not work doubly hard)
这样用时，or后面可以加上else来强化其意义：
Do what I tell you, or else you'll be sorry. (or else=if you do not do what I tell you)
(6)与not一起用时，表示全部否定：
He is just like an illiterate(文盲)。
He cannot read or write. (他不识字，也写不来。)
I can't sing or dance. (我唱歌、跳舞都不会。)
注意，not和and一起用时，则表示部分否定，而不是表示全部否定。试比较：
The story is not interesting or instructive. (部分否定，句意是“这篇故事既不吸引人又无教育意义。”)
He story is not interesting and instructive. (全部否定，意思是“这篇故事内容很有趣，但无教育意义。”)
He does not speak English clearly or correctly. (全部否定，指英语讲得既不清楚又不正确。)
He does not speak English clearly and correctly. (部分否定，意思是英语讲得口齿很清楚，但不正确。)
从上面例子中可以看出，not…and…一起用时，and的前面部分肯定，后面部分否定，试再看下面一例：
He is not rich and kind. (前面部分肯定 后面部分否定)
这是书面语言，在日常用语中往往改用He is rich, but he is not kind这种形式来表达以避免在意义上引起误解。
6. either…or…是关联连接词，表示比or更强的选择概念。它和neither…nor…一样，连接语法功能相同的平行结构，后面动词的数和最靠近的主语保持一致：
Either you or he is wrong. (靠近的主语是he，故动词用is。)
Either he or I am wrong. (靠近的主语是I, 动词用am。)
You can Either do it yourself or ask someone else to do it. (连接两个并列谓语)
There are only two possibilities: Either you succeed or you fail. (连接两个并列分句)
(1)上面列举的前二句例句系极正式的英语，颇不自然，在日常应用中往往避免这种结构而改为：
Either you are wrong, or he is.
Either he is wrong, or I am.
(2)either后面有时可以接一个以上的or：
He Either resigned, or opened up an office of his own, or went abroad.
(3)either后面接or，不能接nor或and, 但not…either…后面则要用nor，不能用or，因not…either=neither。
7. not only…but also…
应用这一关联连词时，要注意以下几点：
(1)后面须接平行结构：
Hangzhou is famous not only for its beautiful scenery but also for its longjing tea. (连接两个介词短语)
He is not only an architect but also a painter. (连接两个表语)
She speaks not only English but also French. (连接两个宾语)
Father not only said it but also did it. (连接两个谓语动词)
Not only they but also we are invited. (连接两个作主语的代词)
Students should develop not only intellectually, but also morally and physically. (连接副词)
(2)not only…but also…着重于but also后面的部分，故句中谓语动词的数应与but also后面的主语取得一致。试比较：
Not only you but also he is invited.
Not only he but also I am invited.
(3)not only…but also…在实际应用中出现以下几个变体：
a. not only…but…(省略also)：
He not only has read the novel but remembers what he has read.
b. not only…also…(省略but)：
Man has in fact not only domesticated wild animals, also domesticated wild plants, especially those which bear edible fruit. (also前省掉了but)
c. not only…(在现代英语中，有时but also都省略，代之以逗号“，”：
She was not only compelled to stay at home, (but) she was(also)forbidden to see her friends.
D. not only…but…as well(but also为but…as well所代替：
He is not only my teacher but my friend as well.
e. not only…but…also(not only不能分开，but also可以拆开)：
She was not only compelled to stay home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends. (注意，stay home是美国英语=英国英语stay at home。)
f. not only置于句首时，主谓须倒装，但but also后面如连接从句的话，其主谓则不能倒装：
not only was the girl complain to stay home, but she was not allowed to see all her friends.
not only did he complain about the food, but he also refused to pay for it.
8. but
并列连词but能表示：
(1)意义的转折
He is poor but honest. (连接两个形容词)
All men must die, but death can vary in its significance. (连接两个分句)
He said that he was free today but that he would be busy tomorrow. (连接两个宾语从句。注意：but后面有从属连词that, but连接分句，that引导宾语从句。)
从上面的例子看，but连接的并列成分，其意义应该是相反的。如果句意顺势发展下去，不带有相反的含义，就不能用but，而应该用and:
It is more than ten years since I left Ypsilanti, but I haven't gone back there once in that time. (句意是“我离开Ypsilanti［美密执安州一城市，Eastern Michigan University所在地］以来已经十多年了，但是这些年来我一次也没有回去过。”)
两个分句的意思基本一样，第二分句是第一分句意思上的延伸，故不应用but，应把but改为and。
(2)表示对比或对照的意义。
She doesn't know a word of Japanese, but she speaks English perfectly.
表示这一意义时，but还用于下列句型中：
a. not…but…，后面须接语法功能相同的平行结构：
The book is not mine, but hers. (连接两个物主代词)
I major not in law, but in American history. (连接两个介词短语)
not what you expect to receive but what you are ready to give counts in love. (连接两个主语从句，句中的谓语动词是counts。句意是“在谈情说爱中，重要的并不是你指望得到什么而是你准备给予什么。”)
请再比较下列两句：
A good policy is not a dogma, but a guide to action. (连接两个用作表语的名词，平行结构，句意是“一项好的政策不是教条而是行动的指南。”)
A good policy is not a dogma, but it is a guide to action. (这句错，因not…but…后面的结构不平行，但在日常口语中可以接受。)
注意，not…but…可以转换成主语+ 肯定式或谓语+ but not…。如：
The book is not mine, but hers.
可转换成：The book is hers, but not mine.
I major not in law, but in American history.
可转换成：I major in American history, but not in law
b. never…but…作“不…则已，一…就…”解。
在这一句型中，never后面接谓语动词，but后面接分句=never+ 谓语动词+ without+ 动名词：
I never see him but I think of my younger brother. (=I never see him without thinking of my younger brother. )(上面两例句意思相同，即“我一看他就想起我的弟弟”)
never…but…是一个意义非常正式的书面体，具有极为强调的效果，故也用于谚语：
It never rains but it pours. (［谚］不雨则已，一雨倾盆，含意是“坏事情不发生则已，一发生则接踵而来。”)
如John got sick, and then his brothers and sisters all got sick. It never rains but it pours.
在日常应用中，never…but…往往改用when…always…I never see him but I think of my younger brother.
改成：when I see him, I always think of my younger brother.
我们也可反过来改：
when he speaks, she always contradicts(批驳)him. (口语体)(=He never speaks but she contradicts him. )(强调的书面体)
when I go past my old school, I always think of Mr. Wilkins, the headmaster. (口语体)(=I never go past my old school but I think of Mr. Wilkins, the headmaster. (强调的书面体)
c. not such或so…but…在这一句型中，but=that…not…: Octavius is not such a fool but he knows it. (=Octavius is not such a fool that he does not know it. )(奥克泰弗斯并没有傻到连这个都不知道。)
Octavius is not so big a fool but he knows it. (=Octavius is not so big a fool that he does not know it. )(意思同上。)
这一句型有一个变体，即否定主语+ be+ so…but(或but that)…
Nothing is so hard but(或but that) it becomes easy by practice. (=Nothing is so hard that it does not become easy by practice. )(再难的事情通过实践也会变得容易了。)
这一变体实际上用得比原来的句型要多，如“再难的任务我们也能完成”就可用这一变体的句型来表示：
No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it. (=No task is so difficult that we cannot accomplish it. )
(3)在特定的语言环境中，but或but that无实义，相等于连词that, 通常用于下列情况：
a. 用在“怀疑”、“否定”等表示否定意义的词后面：
I do not doubt but (=that) someone among us leaked the information.
There is no doubt/no question but (=that) he will recover.
I do not deny but/but that(=that) his statement is true.
b. 用在It is not impossible后面：
It is not impossible but (=that) such a day may come. (这样的日子的到来不是不可能。)
c. 用在It is ten to one等类似结构中：You are working so hard. It is ten to one but (=that) you will succeed. (你这么努力，十之八九你会成功的。)
d. 在口语中，but往往用在表示歉意或相反意见的词的后面，使语气缓和一些，but本身无实义，不作“但是”解，故翻译时不需译出：
Excuse me, but are you Mr. Brown from the ABC Company?
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you on that point.
(4)用于not that…but that…省略结构中
这一结构可以理解为前面省略了(I do) not(say) that…but that…或(The reason is) not that…but that…，故not that…but that…作“不是…而是…”解：
Not that I dislike the work, but that I am unequal to it. (不是因为我不喜欢这项工作，而是我不能胜任。)
(5)but then
but往往和then连用，表示委婉的相反含义，作“但是”，“不过”，“但另一方面却”解：
Your plan is a good one; but then it would take too much time and money. (你的计划好是好，不过费时太久，花钱太多。)
9. for表示因果关系的从属连词有as, since, because等好几个，但表示这一关系的并列连词只有一个，即for。
for与because的区别
(1)because是因果概念最强烈的从属连词，故直接回答由why引出的问句时，只能用because，不能用for：
A: Why are you leaving?
B：I'm leaving because I'm fed up with the life style here. (因我对这里的生活方式感到厌烦了。)
(2)because引导的原因状语从句可以置于句首或句末，置于句首时通常要用逗号分开，置于句末时则不需用逗号分开：
Girls are jealous of her because she is beautiful and successful. (because从句置于句末，不用逗号分开。)
Because she is beautiful and successful, girls is jealous of her. (从句置于句首，用逗号分开。)
但由for引导的原因分句不能置于句首，只能置于句末，并且必须用逗号分开：
Girls are jealous of her, for she is beautiful and successful.
(3)because只是直接表示因果关系，而for是并列连词，它所引导的分句对前一分句所表示的内容则起着补充说明其理由或推断其原因的作用：
I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling hungry. (for引导的分句补充说明“我决定停下来吃饭”的理由。)
He must have gone to sleep, for the light is off. (从灯关掉这一for引导的分句推断出他肯定已入睡了。)
在以上两例中，不能用because来取代for。
10. as well as
as well as用作并列连词时，有两个意义：
(1)=not only…but also，但两者在用法上有如下不同：
a. not only…but also侧重后者，as well as则着重前者，也就是说A as well as B=not only B but also A:
Mr. Brown has experience as well as knowledge. (不仅有知识而且有经验)( 侧重前者，即experience。)(=Mr. Brown has not only knowledge but also experience. )(着重后者，即but also后面的部分。)
了解as well as的侧重点便能正确判断下面句子的正误：
I am a Chinese, but I have Chinese friends as well as foreign friends.
as well as强调它前面的成分，故这句的意思是：“我是中国人，但我不仅有外国朋友而
且还有中国朋友。”显然，这是讲不通的。应改为：
I am a Chinese, but I have foreign friends as well as Chinese Friends.
as well as连接的并列成分对调后，则变成“我是中国人，但我不仅有中国朋友而且还有外国朋友。”这样，句意便能成立。
b. 在带有as well as的句子中，动词须和as well as前面的主语在数上取得一致；not only…but also连接句中的并列成分时，动词的数则和but also后面的主语取得一致：试比较：
The pilot as well as two of the passengers has miraculously escaped death. (as well as前的主语pilot系单数，故动词用has。)
Not only two of the passengers but also the pilot has miraculously escaped death. (but also后面的主语pilot也系单数，动词用has。)
Two of the passengers as well as the pilot have miraculously escaped death. (as well as前的主语two of the passengers系复数，动词用have。)
Not only the pilot but also two of the passengers have miraculously escaped death. (but also后面的主语也系复数，动词也用have。)
(2)有时候，as well as所连接的成分并未有侧重的意义，这时它的意义相当于and，但和and又有以下三点不同：
a. as well as比and强调，含有“又”的涵义：
The plan is practical as well as far-sighted. (这方案切实可行，又具有远见性。)
b. and经常用于A, B, and C这一模式，但as well as则不能，A, B，as well as C是错的，应改为A and B as well as C
We study physics，chemistry as well as mathematics.
上列例句是一个常见的错误，宜改为以下两式：
We study physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
We study physics and chemistry as well as mathematics.
c. 鉴于as well as有时候意义相等于and, 而and可和both连用，故在现代英语里as well as也可与both连用：
This collection of stories includes both foreign as well as Chinese works.
11. as much as作“与……一样多；同样地；等于…”解：His remarks were directed at you as much as at me. (他的话是指你而说的，也是指向我而说的。)
That is as much as to say that you are rejecting our proposal. (这等于
说，你们拒绝我们的建议啦。)
as much as也可拆开来，即as much…as。如It is as much your responsibility as mine. (这是你的职责，同样也是我的职责。)
as much as的否定式通常是not so much…as，后面接平行结构：
I am impressed not so much by his excellent academic record as by his admirable independence of mind. (给我印象很深的与其说是他的优异的成绩倒不如说是他的令人钦佩的独立思考能力。)
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇17：被动语态(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
被动语态
(一)语态分类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)被动语态常用的八种时态
1. 一般现在时
People grow rice in the south of the states.
鯮ice is grown in the south of the states.
The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
鯳e are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
2. 一般过去时
They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
鯰he building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
And the students didn't forget his lessons easily.
鯤e had a strange way of making his classes lively and his lessons were not easily forgotten.
3. 一般将来时
They will send cars abroad by sea.
鯟ars will be sent abroad by sea.
They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.
鯬lenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.
4. 过去将来时
The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
鯰he manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.
鯰he workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.
5. 现在进行时
The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
鯡nglish lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.
--Have you moved into the new house?
--Not yet. We are painting the rooms.
鯰he rooms are being painted.
6. 过去进行时
--Why didn't they drive there on time?
--Because the workers were mending the road.
鯞ecause the road was being mended.
This time last year we were planting trees here.
鯰rees were being planted here this time last year.
7. 现在完成时
Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.
鯥 have been told the sports meet might be put off.
We have brought down the price.
鯰he price has been brought down.
8. 过去完成时
When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.
鯳hen I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.
The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.
鯤e had been considered to be a great leader.
9. 含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
The teacher said, “You must hand in your compositions after class. ”
鯰he teacher said, “Your compositions must be handed in after class. ”
He can write a great many letters with the computer.
鯝 great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
(四)被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+ 名词作状语，而代替by短语。
These cars were made in China.
15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+ 地点名词作状语。如：
My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
I was invited (by my aunt )to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
鯝 new computer has been bought. (正确)
A new computer have been bought. (错误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。
The magazine was passed on to me.
The cup with mixture was showed to the class.
My bike was lent to her.
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。
Mother made me a new skirt.
A new skirt was made for me.
The meat was cooked for us.
Some country music was played for us.
有些既不用to也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。
He ask me a question.
A question was asked of me.
People all over the world know the Great Wall.
The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语)
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
We always keep the classroom clean.
鯰he classroom is always kept clean.
She told us to follow her instructions.
鯳e were told to follow her instructions.
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.
He is often heard to play the guitar.
The earthquake made the road fall onto another one below.
The road was made to fall onto another one below by the earthquake.
注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.
误：Love apples were called them.
正：They were called love apples.
5. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：
1)We take good care of the books.
鯰he books are taken good care of.
Good care is taken of the book.
2)You must pay attention to your pronunciation.
Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.
Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.
用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on等。
6. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question.
误：The question can be answered by nobody.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
7. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
鑫螅篈nything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
8. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote the story?
鑫螅篧ho was the story written?
正：By whom was the story written?
9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如：
The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。
The books sell well. (主动句)
对比：
The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn't cook well. (主动句)
对比：
The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句)
10. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
--Do you like the material?
--Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
1)When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
2)After the earthquake, few houses remained.
鑫螅篈fter the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
鑫螅篗yself was taught English.
We love each other.
鑫螅篍ach other is loved.
11. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示，如：
据说……It is said that…
据报导……It is reported that…
据推测……It is supposed that…
希望……It is hoped that…
众所周知……It is well known that…
普遍认为……It is generally considered that…
有人建议……It is suggested that…
1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇18：作文(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
I’d like to introduce a program named Learning Chinese to in the international channel CCTV 9, which is convenient for to watch at home. You can watch this program at 09:15 or at 15:15 from Tuesday to Saturday every week. Da Shan, a Canadian, who hosts Learning Chinese and becomes popular with foreigners, has rich experience of learning Chinese. Since Beijing Olympics, the content of this program has been enlarged, which includes Communication Chinese, Travel Chinese and PE Chinese. Being easy to understand, easy to learn and interesting, it is suitable for you to get the hang of Chinese culture and spread it wherever you go.
14分 表达流畅、自然；只有个别用词错误。
Saving the Resources
The story tells us that Peter ignored the running water tap when he passed by it. After Mary came up to turn it off and scolded him, Peter still thought it was none of his business.
In my opinion, Peter is wrong because he lacks the sense of responsibility to save the resources. As the society develops, we are in short of many kinds of resources. Turning a running tap off is such an easy thing that everyone can do. Everyone can contribute to the environment by doing such little and easy things. Peter’s thought is quite harmful.
One day, when I walked along the street, I saw a young boy picking up waste paper on the ground to get it recycled. I was moved by his behaviour, so I went up to help him. It was a beneficial experience for me.
If the idea of saving resources can be spread in the society, our world may become more beautiful.
22分
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇19：数词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
数词
1. dozen , score
2. in the (early/ late)nineties / in the 1990s/ in the 90’s 在九十年代
in one’s (early/ late)nineties 在某人九十多岁
3. 分数的表达法:
1/2 a half/ one half 1/4 a/ one quarter
3/4 three fourths / three quarters 3 1/4 three and on quarter
4. nine ----ninth / ninety
four---- fourth/ forty (第九四十有变化)
5. 小数的读法
0.4 zero point four / point four 10.23 ten point two three
1.03 one point o three
1.03 meters/ 0.5 meter
6. 百分数的读法
50% fifty percent (percent 无复数形式)
7. 加减乘除法
① 加用 plus, and , add 等于用is , make, equal, 提问用how much,
② 减用minus , take from
③ 乘用 time , multiply
④ 除用 divide 的过去分词表示
注意: 加,乘的谓语单复皆可, 而减，除的谓语用单数.
Eg
Two and three is equal to five=Two and three make five.= Two added to three equals five.
Take 6 from ten and the remainder is four. = Six taken from ten is four.
Multiply three by four, we get twelve.= The multiplied by four makes 12.
Sixteen divided by four is / equals/ makes four.
主谓一致
1. 一些固定不变的名词的复数形式
如: crossroads(十字路口), barracks(兵营) , headquarters(总部), means(方法,手段) , species(种类,品种), series(系列), works(工厂)等. 动词的单复数取决于限定词或上下文内容中作者要表达的意思.
2. 以s 结尾的学科名词用单数谓语动词:
economics(经济学), electronics(电子学), mathematics(数学), politics(政治学) 等
3. 有些表示成双成对的词,常用复数形式,且谓语动词用复数.如:eyeglasses, pants(裤子), scissors(剪刀), shoes, shorts(短裤), socks(短袜), stockings(长统袜), trousers,等.
4. 集合名词: 强调整体时用单数,强调集体的成员时用复数:如:army , audience(观众), board(委员会), committee(委员会), crew(全体队员,船员,机组人员), crowd(人群), firm(公司), government(政府), group(组群), majority(多数人), minority(少数人), public(公众), staff(全体工作人员), union(联盟)等.
注意: the public 表示公共场所的人时谓语单数或复数都可以.
man(人类), police(警察)只能做复数名词使用,谓语只能用复数.
5. 表示人名,地名,国家名等专有名词或不可数名词的谓语一律用单数.
6. 注意一些名词的特殊复数形式: phenomenon-phenomena(现象), goose-geese(鹅肉), mouse-mice(老鼠), 等
7. 不定代词或every 加名词做主语: every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything,等,在句中做主语,或做限定词限定一个名词或加of时, 谓语用单数.
8. 限定词加名词做主语: all, any, many, more, most, some的谓语取决于他们所修饰的名词.
注意: many a / more than one 是固定搭配, 谓语也用单数.
9. 含有of的短语和介词短语做主语时
① half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, --- percent of , some of, five sevenths of , the rest of 等短语的谓语取决于of后的名词.
②a number of 与the number of
10. 就前原则
当主语间由介词with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, not to mention, including , like, but, except等连接时, 其谓语取决于此介词前一个主语.
11. 就近原则
not only---but also , either,--- or, neither---nor, or 等连接多个主语时, 谓语取决于离谓语最近的那个主语.
12. 比较: The singer and the dancer are going to attend our party.
The singer and dancer is going to attend our party.
13. 固定词组: a knife and fork, a cup and saucer(带茶托的茶杯), ice-cream and cake (冰淇淋蛋糕), iron and steel, 不管作复合名词还是形容词, 谓语都用单数.
14. 凡是计量时间,距离,金钱,体积,尺寸等的度量衡作主语时, 位于都用单数, 常见的有:
years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等.
15. 数学上的加减乘除的规律是: 加,乘的谓语单复皆可, 而减，除的谓语用单数.
16. 分类词做主语是: form, kind, part, piece, portion, quantity, section, sort, type 等加of形成的短语作主语时,谓语取决于这些词本身的单复数.
The newest types of computer are on show.
17. 动名词和不定式作主语时, 谓语一律用单数.
18. 从句作主语时, 主句的谓语用单数,担当what, all(that),或such引导的句子作主语时谓语要取决于后面的表语.
What they want are some books.
All that the ask for is money.
19. 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时, 从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致.
She is the only/very one of the students who has passed the examination.
She is one of--- who have ---
责任编辑：李芳芳
