职称论文写作常见的哪些错误

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【简介】感谢网友“xuejiale”参与投稿,下面是小编整理的职称论文写作常见的哪些错误(共13篇),欢迎大家阅读借鉴,并有积极分享。

篇1:职称论文写作常见的哪些错误

职称论文写作常见的哪些错误

不论是职称论文写作还是其他文章,我们都会因写作的问题、科学的研究或数据出现在疏忽造成的过程中存在的一些错误,并避免这些错误是更好地提高我们发表机率的一个重要的方法。下面就针对职称论文写作中存在的常见问题进行详细分析,希望可以帮到那些准备评职称的学者。

1.文章的逻辑性。

很多作者在写作文章时,常常犯一些逻辑上的错误,这是论文写作的大忌,其具体表现为:

(1)文不对题,前文提出了论点,后文进行阐述时,却发现阐述的和论点不能一致,讲的是两回事。整体上看,文章题目和正文发生了错位;

(2)文章的论点不足以进行大篇幅论述。作者前文提出了一个论点,下文进行了论述。然而,这个论点却只是一个现象,作者并没有把这种现象提炼成一种论点,因此作者就会把文章变成一种现象的罗列,而这种罗列却只是表层的,不足以作为一个论点。

2.文章的客观性。

文章的整体口吻,作者在写作时候,应尽量该时时以一个客观的口吻来阐述,切忌频繁使用第一人称,比如“我”“我觉得”、“我认为”等等。完全可以用 “笔者”,“笔者认为”。

3.文章的层次。

一些作者在写作文章时,几千字的文章,从头至尾通篇看下来,没有分任何的条目。这样给人的感觉是文章层次不够清晰,混乱。

4、明确职称评定时间。

这一点非常重要,写作论文,发表论文前,一定要了解明确职称评定时间,早做准备,因为一般论文发表的时间为3个月左右,长的则半年甚至一年,而职称评定时,有的要求必须通过数据库检索到,论文发表出刊后,几个数据库一般 2个月后才能收录进去,因此,还有考虑2个月的收录时间。鉴于此,我们提醒您,发表职称论文,一定要首先明确职称评定时间,早做准备。一般情况下,提前一年做准备才是合理的。

为了避免在职称论文写作时出现:文章逻辑错误、文章过于主观、文章层次紊乱、错过职称评定时间等情况,我们在写作职称论文的时候应该注意以下的内容:

1)新颖的标题

古人云:题者,额也;目者,眼也。就是说,题目是一篇文章的前额和眼睛。好的题目准确、简明、醒目、新颖,能引人注目,发人深省,并给人以深深的启迪。题目拟得如何,直接关系到作文的质量;同时还存在着给阅卷人第一印象的问题,因为题目的`好差直接影响到阅卷老师对文章的评分。

2)精湛的开头

文章的开头很重要,因为它是文章的脸面,能统领全文,体现中心,为全文打开思路,使文章顺利展开下去。开头的好坏,直接关系到全文的成败,写文章一定要重视开头。而写作议论文则更要重视写好开头,因为议论文的开头不仅可以看出你的论点是否鲜明、根据材料提炼出的观点是否切题,而且还可以从遣词造句是否达意、行文是否流畅上看出写作者的语言基本功,因此有阅卷老师说,看完开头,作文评分的等级已定下了,这恐怕是不为过分的。

3)明了的论点

议论文就是要宣传某个论点,发表某个见解,讲清某个问题;要提出问题,分析问题,解决问题,以达到说服别人的效果。

4)清晰的层次

一篇典范的议论文应该有“引论、本论、结论”三部分,或者换个说法,即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”三部分,但是在安排论证结构时不能硬搬这个框框,更不能就依这三步写成三节。

5)文章要有创新性

科学贵在创新,只有不断创新,人类社会才会进步,医学科学也不例外。只有创新,才能吸引更多的读者,同时新的观念和技术也是促进医学领域发展的基础之一。

篇2:简历写作常见错误

简历写作常见错误

3. 销售技巧、服务年限

技巧只是一种有用的东西。赶快扔掉工作相关技巧或者服务年限都属于销售因素这种老掉牙的心态。最新的观念是把你自己当作一个迷你的利润和消耗中心而不是当作一名员工。今天的雇主都认同结果,他们很少会被员工列出的一串技巧打动。取而代之的是,从各种方法证明你过去和现在的工作表现适合下一个雇主。

怎么能把自己变成公司决算表中的资产呢?还是那句话,把注意力放在你能为公司赚钱还是省钱的方面。考虑问题要超出你的技巧和工作职责,列出每一个你完成这件事情的可能的情况。

比如说,你是一名视频拍摄师做婚礼或者其他事情的剪辑。在交出你最后的作品之前多做一步,展示出你所有的后期制作成果。你这多做的一步可能为你的老板节省好几百的小时的额外工作。

这就会转化为你潜在的为老板节省了上千美元。这只是那种你应该写在简历上的事情。如果可能的话,尽量把你的成就货币化,或者说在成就方面给出具体的价值。

通过列举几种你能帮老板赚钱或者省钱(或者省时间)的具体办法,你就能在竞争者中脱颖而出迅速的引起读者的注意。

4.无差别的投递简历

一旦你有了一份好简历,如何投简历同样是件重要的事情。大部分找工作的人都把简历狂轰乱炸在求职板或者网站的的帖子里。事实上,有些地方还是要收钱的,但是这真是最好的办法吗?

谈到现在的金融危机,招聘高管Neil McNulty说,“现在比以往任何时期都需要求职者转变观点,从满天撒网转变到寻找‘机会’,危机和混乱不会影响机会,即使是经济最坏的时候机会也依然存在。”

这就意味着,作为求职者的你,必须超出求职板的界限,向那些公司和企业里正面对一些你能解决的问题的经理们毛遂自荐。开始可能难了点,因为这意味着你要做额外的调查而且要给那些你不认识的人打电话和他们做进一步的沟通。但正是这些谈话,会为你赢得介绍、面试以及下一份工作,尤其在你有一份好简历做后盾的时候。

篇3:公文写作常见错误

公文写作常见错误

尽管国务院、国电公司的《公文处理办法》及国家标准《公文格式》对公文的种类、格式、行文规则等都作了明确规定,在我们一些电力企业尤其是基层部门,写作公文还经常存在各种各样的错误。究其原因,主要有:①对上述规定、标准不熟悉,也没有好好学习,基本上是个门外汉;②对最新的规定、标准不了解,仍然沿用旧的、不规范的写法;③写作态度不够认真,没有严格按照规定、标准的要求去做;④文字表达能力较差,又没有反复推敲认真修改。明确了错误原因,就可以根据自已的具体情况,有的放矢地加以解决,避免写作错误的产生。

下面,对公文写作中一些常见错误及其改正办法作一简要介绍:

一、文种不明

即从公文的标题上看不出属于哪种公文。例如“关于接待德国×××公司总裁访问的事”这一标题,就没有表明是“函”,是“请示”,还是“通知”;而《国家行政机关公文处理办法》明确规定:“公文标题应当准确简要地概括公文的主要内容并标明公文种类,一般应当标明发文机关。”又如“汇报电力标准化工作”这一标题,不仅没有文种,连题意也不清。应该根据这份文件的内容与目的,或者把它改为公文类的“××××(发文单位)关于电力标准化工作的报告”,或者改为事务类的“××××(发文单位)电力标准化工作总结”。

二、生造文种

一种情况是把性质、用法不同的文种混为一体,拼凑在一起,不伦不类,例如“关于×××的请示报告”;另一种情况是把某些事务文书或规章制度类文书当作机关公文那样直接行文,例如把“计划”、“安排”、“总结”、“制度”、“细则”等直接作为公文印发。

第一种情况容易改正,只要根据公文内容确定一个文种,把另一个删去即可。第二种情况则应这样处理:如果这些事务类、规章制度类文书要像正式公文那样行文,下行的可以采用“通知”文种,用以下方式行文:

(1)规章制度类文书以“印发”形式行文。如××省电力有限公司《关于印发〈××省电力有限公司公文处理规则〉的通知》,把发布的规则作为通知的.附件,一起行文。(又,《国家电力公司公文处理办法》第十六条规定:“公司内部规章制度,以‘国电内规’字号印发,由法律事务部审核编号。”据此,规章制度类文书也可以不用“通知”文种而直接行文,但字号及审核编号部门应按规定。)

(2)事务文书以“转发”或“批转”的形式行文(上级、同级或不相隶属单位的用“转发”,下级单位上报的则用“批转”)。如《关于转发××电业局工作计划的通知》,将《19工作计划》作为通知的附件行文。

如果是上行公文,可用“报告”行文,把要报送的事务文书、规章制度类文书作为附件。

三、错用文种

错用文种的情况更为常见,大致有以下几种:

(1)把“请示”误为“报告”。例如《关于××电厂国有资产评估立项的报告》,其内容是申请对现有国有资产进行评估立项,应使用“请示”,却误用为“报告”。

(2)滥用“通知”。即把本该用“决定”、“规定”、“办法”、“通报”的误为“通知”。

(3)滥用“请示”。有些单位向同级单位或者有关业务部门提出某些请求批准或办理的事项时,不用本该使用的平行文种“函”,特地用“请示”这一上行文种,认为这样做是尊重对方,好办事。这种做法破坏了行文规则,必须改正。

篇4:公文写作常见格式错误

公文改错之常见格式错误

常见错误一:份号

【格式说明】份号指的是同一件公文印制若干份时每份公文的顺序编号,标注份号有利于加强公文的管理和利用,便于掌握公文的去向,有利于公文的分发、清退、查对、借阅、统计和销毁。涉密公文一定要标注,不涉密的公文可灵活把握。如需标注份号,一般用6位阿拉伯数字,顶格编排在版心左上角第一行。数字不足规定数时,前面用“0”补充。例如:份号是1的公文,正确写法是:000001。份号是10的公文,正确的写法是:000010。

常见错误二:发文字号

【格式说明】发文字号由发文机关代字、年份、发文顺序号组成。比如国办〔〕10号),国办是发文机关代字,2012是年份,顺序号是10。按照《党政机关公文格式要求》年份应标全称,用六角括号“〔〕”扩入;发文顺序号不加“第”字,不编虚位(即1不编为01)。

【错误写法】考试中常见错误:XXX第312号;XXX【2014】第312号;XXX【2014】0312号;

【正确写法】XXX〔2014〕312号

常见错误三:发文机关署名和成文日期

【格式说明】根据《党政机关公文格式》规定,成文日期中的数字应当用阿拉伯数字将年、月、日标全,年份应标全称,月、日不编虚位(即1不编为01)。成文日期一般右空四字编排,发文机关署名在成文日期之上居中编排。

【错误写法】

1、没有写发文机关署名;

2、日期写成汉字:如“二零一二年七月一日”;

3、成文日期位置错误。

【正确写法】

1、应该有发文机关署名。比如国务院发文,最后落款处应当加上发文机关署名“国务院”;

2、日期写成阿拉伯数字,如7月1日,加盖印章的公文成文日期右空四字编排。

公文写作真题练习

【原公文】

XX市商务局文件

XX [2014]47号

关于增加备选项目的报告

市政府:

根据市发改委(XX(2014)312号)《关于……》文精神,按市领导的批示,经我局3月21日办公会议决定,我局增加XX早餐工程和XX园项目,作为我局XX市招商推介会的备选项目。

妥否,请批示。

XX市商务局办公室

二〇一四年三月二十三日

附件:商务局招商项目简介

XX市商务局办公室 203月23日引发

【修改方法】

1、错误类别:发文字号中括号使用错误

修改:“XX[2014]47号”应改为“XX〔2014〕47号”。

2、错误类别:成文日期错误

修改:成文日期书写错误,“二〇一四年三月二十三日”应改为“2014年3月23日”。

3、由于公文没有体现出涉密性,所以对于份号没有强制性要求,此处不用修改。

篇5:简历写作常见错误

1. 缺少焦点

成功找到工作的第一步是认清你的目标。特别要明确你在下一份工作中想要得到什么,或者你下一份工作的职位。我听过无数找工作的人在被问到想找什么样的工作的时候说,“什么事情我都能做”,或者“做什么都行”。什么事情都愿意做的人,最后什么都得不到。

看看你的简历。你的目标是什么?要避免没有目标以及列出好几个目标。这两种极端都对你不利,会让显得你很不专注、没有责任感、不够格。在我们的职业生涯中,很多人戴过各种各样的帽子,最好可以把注意力放在其中一顶,或者说一个明确的职位。就简历来说,比起那些什么都能做的人,现在的雇主更倾向于寻找那些理解力强有专长有发展的人。

所以问自己这个问题:“我到底适合什么职务?”“我能解决什么特殊的`问题?”这可能是一个明确的职位,如果是这样,特别关注这个职位,然后在清单上划下“资格”。

2. 忽视最重要的问题

大部分的简历都不能回答雇主的问题,“简历有什么对我有好处的?”雇主们有个问题,而不是一份工作。这个问题通常和钱有关。所以,寻找那些你能让他们得到回报的方法吧。通常一份简历被阅读的时间只有20秒,你不得不快速的回答这个问题。一个做好这件事的方法是使用简洁“独特的销售主张”(USP),这能把你在竞争者中脱颖而出。这份USP是一个简单的句子,它包括下面三个重要问题:

你是谁

你最强的地方

你为公司带来什么可量化的初步效益

你的USP描述了你能为雇主带来什么。员工对雇主来说要么能赚钱要么会省钱。你要决定你为公司带来的价值属于哪一类。最好的陈述通常混合了美元数目或者是个百分比,再或者是在一个确定的时期能能够节省多少时间。

篇6:托福写作常见错误

一.句子成分缺失

句子不完整这个错误是由于很多同学缺乏common sense, 不知道啥叫一个句子的完整,为啥自己写的就不完整。什么样的句子是完整的?一个主语+一个谓语已经可以构成最简单的完整句子。

举个最简单的例子

“我愿意”=“I do”

这个“I do”就已经是一个简单完整的句子了。缺主语,或缺谓语,不能构成一个完整的句子。

a.缺谓语

例如:The society develops rapidly.The society是主语,develops是谓语,此时这个句子 就是完整的。

常见的错误写法:The society developing rapidly.此时这个句子是缺谓语的。

我们需要改写成:The society develops rapidly.或The society is developing rapidly.

b.出现两个或两个以上主谓结构

一个句子有且只能有一个主谓结构。“我干,他不干”这句话正确的表达方法是:I do, but he does not.或: I do. He does not.然而常见的错误形式是:I do, he does not.此时这句话出现了两个主语:I, he.那么这句话肯定就是错误,我们需要用连接词but隔开,或直接句号后另起一句话。

我们举一个难一点的例子:Some people agree with the first statement, I disagree with it.这种错误的表达常见于同学们的写作第一段。这句话出现了两个主语:Some people; I.出现了两个谓语:agree; disagree.按照我们刚才已经讲过的,一句话不能出现两个主语判断,这句话是有问题的。

正确的写法是:

Some people agree with the first statement. However, I disagree with it.

或:Some people agree with the first statement, but I disagree with it.

二.主谓不一致

这是同学们最容易犯的错误,常见指数5颗星!

在中文的动词形式中,不管是:你,我,他、她、它,动词形式都一样。

然而在英文中,你我、TA的动词形式不同。

I do; you do; she does; he does; it does.

例如:

a. Intelligence leads to success.

常见错误写法:

Intelligence lead to success.

b. The professor provides great opportunities for students to expand their horizons.

常见错误写法:

The professor provide great opportunities for students….

三.平行结构

我们常用逗号,或连接词如:and,not only…but also…来连接两边平行的一些单词或句子。此时逗号及连接词左右两边连接的内容,需要形式平行,如名词和名词平行,形容词与形容词平行,动词与动词平行。

例如:

a. Expensive handmade items are creative and artistic.

此处,creative和artistic都是形容词,是正确的平行结构。

b. Working out and taking a rest are the best ways to maintain health.

此处working out和taking a rest是动名词做主语,形式一致,是正确的平行结构。

而同学们常犯的错误是:

working out and take a rest… 此处结构就出现了错误。

c. The media gives us information and tells us the truth.

此处gives, tells结构一致,保持平行。

常见错误写法:

the media gives us information and telling us the truth.

托福考试作文独立写作范文:学生是否需要起早去上学

Some people think it is the best approach for students to learn if school start the day at a early time in the morning. But someone think the school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.

题目大意:学生是否需要起早去上学。老师建议大家选择反对,即认为孩子可以晚点去上学,因为一方面可以保证孩子的休息,从而提高课堂效率,另一方面避免孩子遭遇早高峰,有助于保证好的心情,从而减少对学习的干扰。

托福写作模板及参考答案:

篇7:托福写作常见错误

Many schools are planning to postpone the first class in the morning for less lateness and better educating quality. However, the schedule of late classes will cultivate students’ indolence, and pose many other negative effects. As a result, starting class late would not effectively reduce the rate of lateness and cannot secure the educating efficacy.

Firstly, early classes in the morning will force the students to keep a disciplined life style. In order to attend the first class, students have to get up early in the morning. This habit brings many benefits. For example, young people will live a much healthier life. Keeping the schedule in mind, they would no longer dally at night before sleep, and save their time in the morning. Then, they can have a good rest in the evening and keep themselves energetic at daytime. Besides, they could also shape many of their excellent characteristics, like self-discipline or persistence. Leaving the cozy bed requires a powerful willpower when we start a new day, and doing this every day asks for a strong self-control. Both of these virtues are keys to success. And one of the well-known, Kobe Bryant, is a beneficiary of starting his day early in the morning. He once gave his secret to become the MVP in the basketball playground. It was his getting up early in the 4 AM that contributes him. In conclusion, both physical and psychological benefits can be gained by the disciplined life style led by the early classes.

In addition, early start in the morning also leaves more extracurricular time for students. Earlier starting class generally results in earlier off-class. More spare time after class enables students to conduct other activities, such as further exploring in study, deepening their interests or doing some other activities. Those activities would help students to improve themselves. In spare time, students can do some practical experiments to apply knowledge into practice, which allow them to have in-depth understanding in knowledge learnt in class. Students would be also capable of learning instrument, painting or doing sports with abundant of time after class. Those extracurricular activities help students to achieve complete development. Obviously, earlier start in the morning means a longer day, providing more spare time for students to enrich their life and promote themselves in learning.

Late classes, to a degree, may lower the absence rate at the beginning. This is because that students do not need to be hurry in the morning, especially for those who cannot get up early. In the long run, however, the original purpose cannot be realized effectively. The allowance of starting class later would indulge the bad habits of procrastination. Some students will tend to put off all tasks late at night, if they do not need to get up early. Staying up later would in turn make students get up later. This is a vicious circle. As a result, students’ biological clock will be re-adjusted, making it harder for them to get up on time. Therefore, the absence rate would be decreased again.

In summary, compared to making classes late in the morning, starting the day early would bring many benefits in learning. Students would be able to maintain a healthy life physically and mentally, and to explore in study, all of which contribute to a higher quality of learning.

范文参考二:

In the contemporary society, the length of study time on the part of students has become one of the most hottly debated issue among the general public. When it comes to whether students should be required to arrive school at the early time in the morning, people’s notions may vary from one to another. In my eyes, starting school day at a late time is a better choice for the following reasons.

To begin with, arriving school at the late time will ensure students have a good rest and thus contributes to the improvement of their study efficiency. As is common sense, the increasingly heavy study burden on the shoulder of students has squeezed their leisure time so much that their sleeping time cannot be guaranteed. As a result, with the implementation of starting school day in a late time, the quality of their rest will be improved, with the consequence that their attention will be more concentrated in class. On the contrary, shortening their rest time by requesting students begin class early will definitely produce a negative effect on their study. To be specific, it will be common to observe that students feel so sleepy as to have a short nap during the class.

In addition, students who start school day in a late time will obviously avoid being stuck in traffic jam and thus have a better mood in the morning. Undoubtedly, under the drive of a cheerful frame of mind, children will raise their efficiency of study to a large extent. The experience of my cousin, Tom, can serve as a good example to shed some lights on the above reasoning. Tom, a student in a middle school of Beijing, used to be required to arrive school at 8 a.m. every morning in order to prepare better for the National Examination of College Admission. However, the problem is that according to the regulations of most companies, employees also have to start work at 8 a.m. Therefore, it is not hard to imagine that the subways, buses and taxis are crowded with people in the morning. According to Tom’s recounting, no one will feel good after such a experience, let alone immediately devoting him/herself to study.

Taking what has been discussed into consideration, we can draw the conclusion that it is wise to require student to arrive school at a late time in the morining, in order to ensure the quality of their rest and develop a light heart.

范文参考三:

Have you experienced struggling with your pillow every morning? Have you ever choked with the traffic jams in the rush hour? Have you ever felt sleepy in the first class? No matter what scientific evidence shows us the advantages of having class early, there is a new research from Mark Fischettiof Scientific America convince us that students' efficiency can be improved by going to school later. I totally agree with the statement for it’s beneficial for both of students and teachers.

First, students' efficiency can be elevated. Under the excessive burden, students always stay up late and that’s why their sleep time has been shrunk. If they are forced to get up early, their whole day will be windy. Thus, students would waste the most substantial content of study, nevertheless, students would be more fresh and have concentrations on the class. According to Kyla Wahlstrom, director of the Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement at the University of Minnesota. She made a research in Minnesota February that tracked 9000 students in eight public high schools in Minnesota, Colorado and Wyoming. After one semester, when school began at 8:35 a.m. or later, grades earned in math, English, science and social studies typically rose a quarter step—for example, up halfway from B to B+. This conclusion perfectly convinces everyone that students should get up later.

Second, we should follow students' biological system. Adolescents' physiology has greatly altered from their childhood because of melatonin. The later the delay, the greater the payoff.Following their biological change can make them healthy and wealthy. Take me as an example, as a teacher, most of my students would like to finish their homework and chat with friend until the mid night. They can't control their biological clock, which makes they fell very sleepy in the first class. Moreover the rate of being on duty is lower compared with other time periods.

Third, traffic problems can be released. One should know that big cities have the traffic jams all the time, which makes students choked with the road and can’t get rid of it. Moreover, students who live far away from the school are hurry to get catch up with the early classes. If schools postpone their time to be later, it will help them stagger the rush time of traffic. Nevertheless, students would start their study restlessly, which influences their mood not mention to the study efficiency. A study in from California public schools shows that students can avoid transportation problems by changing their class time. What’ more, their literature and math scores are higher on the average.

To conclude, getting up early and attend class are good for both of students and teachers. I suggest that school should postpone their class time and improve students’ efficiency.

素材补充(选自:果壳网):(Mark Fischetti/文,IvyP/译)我们都有过早上起来与被窝作斗争,最后不得不睡眼惺忪地去上学的经历。这种现象可不是中国特有的——大洋对岸的美国家长、学生还有老师们也时常争论,中学的上课时间是不是太早了。而在过去的3年间有越来越多的研究表明,推迟上课时间有助提高学习的效果,并且上课时间越晚越好。

生物学研究显示,人在幼童时期倾向于早睡早起;而当人步入青少年时期后,昼夜节律会发生改变,导致青少年睡得更晚,起得也更晚。这种改变是由大脑内褪黑素的变化引起的,这一过程大约开始于13岁,在15到16岁明显增强,而在17到19岁时达到高峰。

那么这个现象会对学习效果产生影响吗?根据明尼苏达大学应用研究与教育改进中心主任凯拉·瓦尔斯特隆今年2月发表的论文,答案是肯定的。她跟踪调查了在明尼苏达州、科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的8所公立中学里就读的9000多名学生。结果发现,如果上课时间调整到早上8:35或者更晚,一个学期之后,学生们的数学、英语、科学和社会学成绩普遍提高了1/4个等级,例如从B提高到了B与B+的中间位置。

另有两篇由瓦尔斯特隆评议但还未发表的研究论文也获得了相似的结论。在美国空军学院进行的一项对照实验也验证了这一结论,因为在大学一年级时不同组的学员开始上课的时间不同。此外,一项研究显示,由于交通问题导致北卡罗来纳州不同地区的学校上课时间不同,结果上课时间较晚的学校,学生的数学和阅读成绩较高。还有其它研究表明,推迟上课时间可以提高出勤率,以及减少青少年抑郁和交通事故的发生率。这些都因为晚点上课可以让青少年获得更充足的睡眠。

多项研究表明,与把上课时间从早上7:15调到7:45的学校相比,上课时间从7:30改为8:00的学校里的学生的学习成绩有更大幅度的提高。来自巴西、意大利和以色列的研究也获得了相似的结论。之所以上课时间推迟会获得这些好处,其关键是青少年保证了至少8个小时的充足睡眠,而如果能达到9小时就更好了。相比之下,在欧洲,很少有中学会在上午9点以前开始上课。

不支持推迟上课时间的人们曾担心这样会影响学生的正常作息。不过结果表明,学生们在进行课余活动或是兼职工作时,并没有受到上课时间改变的影响。研究结果甚至对校车接送问题也提供了更好的解决办法。许多学校都是先接中学生上学,然后再接小学生,而将这一顺序调换可以让高中生们的上学时间推迟。这样做除了可以让他们受益之外,对他们的弟弟妹妹们也有好处——有研究表明幼儿在早晨更清醒,更愿意学习。

托福考试作文独立写作范文:视频游戏的好坏

Some people believe that video games could inspire young students' interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games.

范文参考:

Many parents with young children fret about the addictiveness of computer games these days. While the negative effects ranging from addiction, increased aggression and various health consequences such as strain injuries get far more media coverage than the positives, there is now a wealth of research which shows that video games can actually be put into educational use and affect the brain's development

Firstly, games that are designed to help teach and “brain training” have long and enormous popular appeal. According to an experiment conducted by the University of California, game players show improved performance in perception, attention and cognition. One of the redeeming qualities of all games, even those with violent content, is enhanced information-processing, logic-thinking and problem-solving abilities in novel contexts. In fact, while playing game, your brain is in the learning mode constantly, to move to the next level, you are vigorously improving your hand-eye coordination, enhancing split-second decision making and boosting auditory perception. Moreover, other carefully-designed studies have shown that video games improve several aspects of brain activity, including multitasking. Considering Pac-Man as an example, in that game, you must navigate your character through a spatial layout while monitoring the separate paths of four additional objects, while keeping the overall goal of clearing the small pellets in memory, as well as keep track of the remaining large pellets.

Secondly, games that convey positive social messages never fail to boost the children's confidence, encourage cooperation and teamwork. Games help children feel a sense of achievement, through those puzzles, exploration and discovery, players learn to succeed in ways that our brains actually prefer. Most games are designed to introduce a new concept and then provide players with an opportunity to master it. Children are then free to explore and utilize and achieve success with this new skill, growing in confidence all the while. Besides, many games today emphasize the cooperative aspects of game play, in which two or more players need to work together to reach a common goal. Taking a game called “World of Warcraft” as an example, children as young as 10 years old are learning to delegate responsibility, promote teamwork and steer groups of people toward a common goal. As video games themselves are not created by just one person, it is essential for the game players to pool everyone's talents together in order to require the desired product.

Admittedly, it is worth to consider the real concerns that today's parents have with video games, but it is also worthwhile to consider the benefits and positive aspects that contemporary interactive entertainment choices provide. Digital media such as computer games could inspire young children's interest, grow their intelligence and offer them a chance to escape from the mounting academic stress, as long as coupled with strong parental and teacher involvement.

From all the discussions mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that today's young students should be allowed to play computer games for the tremendous benefits they bring.

托福

篇8:盘点简历写作常见错误

盘点简历写作常见错误

应届毕业生怎样写好个人简历

怎样让求职简历突显个人能力

如何让你的简历在网络海选中脱颖而出

Word制作简历的实用技巧

应届生简历书写十大误区

十招让你的简历画龙点睛

以我为中心

这是百分之九十以上的简历都会犯的一个错误,大家求职简历都是按照自己的一个成长经历来组织,能够围绕工作岗位来组织内容的简历却少之又少。这就是为什么平淡的简历有百分之九十九,而优秀的'简历才那么少的百分之一。这就体现了一点,现在求职者在求职过程中都太“以我为中心”,而恰恰是这样,才让自己的求职越来越难,求职要做到知己知彼,才能百战百胜,求职者不能用自己的判断来要求企业,一旦你用自己的眼光来看待你要求职的企业,你的简历就会不知不觉的以我为中心,制作出来的简历自己看的非常满意,啧啧称赞,而企业方却不屑一顾。

求职意向和求职岗位无关

求职意向很多,而求职的职业就一个,没有一个人是全能的,如果全能这个人就肯定没有专长,全能反而让一个人失去了闪光点,什么都会,结果是什么都不精。企业要的是适合那个岗位的专才,而不是一个什么都半桶水的全才。求职意向和求职岗位无关,一般都不会通过简历的筛选,这是最重要的一点,你投递的职位是销售的,但是你求职意向却是财务类的工作,销售这个岗位一定不会录用你,因为你也许把这份销售岗位的工作当成了一种过渡。

简历没有特色

应聘销售岗位用这份简历,应聘会计岗位也是用这份简历,简历太通用,导致简历没有特色,没有重点,没有吸引人,没有针对性,这是一份极其糟糕的求职简历。求职者应该针对不同的岗位制作不同的求职简历来体现针对性,让你的简历完全就是为这个岗位的工作而写的。

篇9:大学生常见求职信写作错误

大学生常见求职信写作错误

很多求职者认为求职信不重要,有些人把求职信当成是介绍信来写,有些则在求职信里什么都写,其中这样是非常不正确的,这不单没能帮助到求职者求职,还能会影响到求职者,那么,有哪些东西不能写进求职信呢?正确的求职信应该是怎样写的呢?

不能写进求职信的“蠢东西”

1、强调你是理想员工

永远别说你是这个职位的理想人选。

你可以这样:重述职位的主要需求并展示你过去的经验如何能适用于新的工作之中,满足新的工作要求。你们需要……我可以提供……。

不要说你是个努力的员工

职业策略师妮可-达琳对那些求职者们说不要总表示自己是“努力的员工”我的经验告诉我那些自称努力的员工们,要么就是1)成果达不到预期要求;2)低估能力以及创造力在工作中的重要性,把成功等价于努力和长时间的工作。

妮可还建议减少使用那些看似积极且使用十分频繁的词汇,如“队友,有积极性的,高超的交流技巧”.

2、非个性化的东西

要获知面试官的名字。在求职信中不要总说“贵公司”或“贵行业”而要使用公司具体的名称,以及一些具体信息(如位置,产业等)。

3、拼写错误

快速发展的公司是用短语“fast-paced”,不要把fast拼成face,或者“fastpaste”(快速粘贴)的公司。助理的缩写是Asst.千万别忘了。要是少写了个“t”,这个所指可不是什么光荣的东西哦。

4、后续追踪要守时

妮可还说很多求职者经常写到会“在8月1号中午11点进行后续电话交流”.当你没有打那个电话时,即使你的本意是好的,日程有可能改变了,但也要做一个守信用的人。

5、总说以“我”开头的句子

求职信是关于老板的而不是自己。讨论你如何能够满足公司的需求帮助解决它的问题。

6、说你只是需要个工作或需要一个好薪水的工作

告诉招聘人员你实际上对工作内容并无兴趣不是什么好事。在高失业率的情况下,对所有工作都来者不拒似乎是个好方法,但如果在求职信中表现出来,反而会适得其反。

7、谈论过去的失败经历

你根本无需去强调以前的老板,同事或者经济情况的种种不好。说说你到底学到了什么,无论经历好坏,这对于招聘人员来说都是很有意义的。但求职信中就别写那些失败的事吧。

8、寻求职业改变

招聘人员通常觉得改变职业的人往往都没有经验,只是想在非相关专业领域找到同样薪水的工作而已。缺乏相关的产业知识和技巧,这种求职者只会带来过时的方法和思维。还需要经过训练才能胜任基本的职责。这样的员工是招聘人员们避之不及的。

如果你真的想在新的领域大展手脚,注意描述你在专业领域转换中做了些什么功课:列出你获得的证书或者学位证明,发表的学术论文以及完成的学业证明。这样才能表明你并不需要依靠招聘人员帮你进行转变,而只需提供你在这个领域知识和视野的广度和深度。

那么,如何正确写求职信呢?

求职信是针对特定的个人来写的,而简历却是针对特定的工作职位来写的;简历主要叙述求职者的客观情况,而求职信主要表述求职者的主观愿望。相对于简历来说,求职信更要集中地突出个人的特征与求职意向,从而打动招聘人员的心,是对简历的简洁概述和补充。

求职信的'结构

求职信文字一定要简洁,字数最好不要超过1000字,它一般由几部分组成:

1、你所申请的职位和招聘信息来源;

2、表述你对该职位产生浓厚兴趣,并说明这种兴趣与你的理想追求或专长有关;

3、与申请职位有关的资历和经验和成绩都是非常重要的证明材料,说明你适合这个职位的原因;

4、表示如能得偿所愿,自信必能胜任此项工作;

5、提醒收信人留意你附呈的个人求职简历,并请求对方作进一步回应,如及早答复、予以安排面试等。

3、求职信的第一句话

求职信的第一句话是最重要的,也是最难写的。其实有许多可取的写法,你可以说明是从什么渠道得知公司招聘信息,也可以叙述自己最有利的条件,不过最不稳妥的办法是参照广告的内容作自我介绍。第一句话(不包括称呼)的作用有二:一是吸引对方阅读你的信件;二是引导对方自然而然地进入你所突出的正题而不感到突然。

归纳起来,求职信的第一句话有以下几种形式:

1、概述式。用一句话概括你具备的最重要的求职资格和工作能力。

2、提名式。提及一为建议你到用人单位求职且为用人单位所熟悉和尊崇的人(记住连名带写上,后面可称呼其职衔或官衔,也可以称“先生”或“女士”)。

3、提问式。针对用人单位的需求和目标,提出一个设问,然后表示你真诚希望自己能够帮助他们实现目标。

4、赞扬式。赞扬用人单位近期取得的显著成就或发生的明显变化,然后表示渴望为其效力。但记住语气不要过度热情。

5、应征式。说明你通过什么途径看到用人单位的招聘广告,并肯定自己的条件基本满足广告提出的要求。

6、独创式。用一个新奇的、能表现你在某些方面才华的句子开头,但申请的职位必须是那种需要丰富想像力的类型,如广告文案、平面设计、装潢设计等。

求职信中应注意的几点

1、一些跨国公司或港澳台公司,通常会要求应聘者递交英文求职信和个人简历。不过,即使没有明确规定为了引起对方的注意和重视,最好用英文(或其它外文)信件提出对某些职位的申请,往往会比单纯写中文求职信效果更好。所有的英文求职信都应用电脑打印。

2、求职信的第一句话应该开门见山,让对方尽快知道它的内容。

3、段落要短,句子不宜很长,长的段落更易令人生厌。

4、段落可以加小标题,或是编上序号,使求职信条理分明,层次清晰。

5、求职信的用词语气应不卑不亢,不能过分客气,也要力求避免无意中伤害他人的尊严。

6、尽量避免用专业术语或俚语、谚语或典故、地方方言,否则在信息传递上可能会出现周折,甚至引起误会。

7、求职信不应有错别字,不要使用涂改液或橡皮擦,纸张不要沾上污迹,以示对人的尊重。

8、最后别忘记签上你的名字。英文信件中本人的亲笔签名,应在打印机打印的姓名拼音的上面。

5、招聘人员最看重简历的哪些部分?

招聘人员最看重应聘者的目标,即他想找什么样的工作。招聘人员没有时间很仔细地看完简历后再决定应聘者可以做哪些工作,而是首先了解你的意愿,再据此考虑能否胜任这个职位,并在你的个人简历中寻找答案。

篇10:公文写作常见错误辨析

尽管国务院、国电公司的《公文处理办法》及国家标准《公文格式》对公文的种类、格式、行文规则等都作了明确规定,在我们一些电力企业尤其是基层部门,写作公文还经常存在各种各样的错误。究其原因,主要有:①对上述规定、标准不熟悉,也没有好好学习,基本上是个门外汉;②对最新的规定、标准不了解,仍然沿用旧的、不规范的写法;③写作态度不够认真,没有严格按照规定、标准的要求去做;④文字表达能力较差,又没有反复推敲认真修改。明确了错误原因,就可以根据自已的具体情况,有的放矢地加以解决,避免写作错误的产生。

下面,对公文写作中一些常见错误及其改正办法作一简要介绍:

一、文种不明

即从公文的标题上看不出属于哪种公文。例如“关于接待德国×××公司总裁访问的事”这一标题,就没有表明是“函”,是“请示”,还是 “通知”;而《国家行政机关公文处理办法》明确规定:“公文标题应当准确简要地概括公文的主要内容并标明公文种类,一般应当标明发文机关。”又如“汇报电力标准化工作”这一标题,不仅没有文种,连题意也不清。应该根据这份文件的内容与目的,或者把它改为公文类的“×××× (发文单位)关于电力标准化工作的报告”,或者改为事务类的“××××(发文单位)电力标准化工作总结”。

二、生造文种

一种情况是把性质、用法不同的文种混为一体,拼凑在一起,不伦不类,例如“关于×××的请示报告”;另一种情况是把某些事务文书或规章制度类文书当作机关公文那样直接行文,例如把“计划”、“安排”、“总结”、“制度”、“细则”等直接作为公文印发。

大学排名

第一种情况容易改正,只要根据公文内容确定一个文种,把另一个删去即可。第二种情况则应这样处理:如果这些事务类、规章制度类文书要像正式公文那样行文,下行的可以采用“通知”文种,用以下方式行文:

(1)规章制度类文书以“印发”形式行文。如××省电力有限公司《关于印发〈××省电力有限公司公文处理规则〉的通知》,把发布的规则作为通知的附件,一起行文。(又,《国家电力公司公文处理办法》第十六条规定:“公司内部规章制度,以‘国电内规’字号印发,由法律事务部审核编号。”据此,规章制度类文书也可以不用“通知”文种而直接行文,但字号及审核编号部门应按规定。)

(2)事务文书以“转发”或“批转”的`形式行文(上级、同级或不相隶属单位的用“转发”,下级单位上报的则用“批转”)。如《关于转发××电业局工作计划的通知》,将《19工作计划》作为通知的附件行文。

如果是上行公文,可用“报告”行文,把要报送的事务文书、规章制度类文书作为附件。

三、错用文种

错用文种的情况更为常见,大致有以下几种:

(1)把“请示”误为“报告”。例如《关于××电厂国有资产评估立项的报告》,其内容是申请对现有国有资产进行评估立项,应使用“请示”,却误用为“报告”。

(2)滥用“通知”。即把本该用“决定”、“规定”、“办法”、“通报”的误为“通知”。

(3)滥用“请示”。有些单位向同级单位或者有关业务部门提出某些请求批准或办理的事项时,不用本该使用的平行文种“函”,特地“请示”这一上行文种,认为这样做是尊重对方,好办事。这种做法破坏了行文规则,必须改正。

(4)“批复”误用为“通知”或“函”。对下级的“请示”,必须用“批复”这一文种作答复,但有的公文却写成《关于批复××××的通知(或函)》,应改为《关于××××的批复》。

(5)“函”误用为“批复”。某些业务主管部门在答复不相隶属单位请求审批的有关事项时,本该用平行文“函”,却写成《关于×××(单位)×××(事项)的批复》。

(6)误用处分事项公文文种。“决定”和“通报”均可用于处分事项。处分“决定”是行政处分的正式文件,要装入被处分人的档案;批评性“通报”主要起教育警醒作用,不装入档案。批评性“通报”可以带附件(即关于事件或事故的调查报告),处分“决定”不能带。处分“决定”一般让有关人员知晓即可;批评性“通报”要

发送到下属各单位,甚至要抄送有关的不相隶属的单位。因此,应该根据处分事项具体情况正确选用,以避免误用文种。

四、越级行文

《国家行政机关公文处理办法》规定:“一般不得越级请示和报告”。因此,除了特别紧急的情况,上行文都应按隶属关系向上一级机关(单位)行文,逐级上报。即使因特珠情况必须越级行文,也应同时抄送被越过的上级机关(单位)。但是在有些基层单位,所写的公文还经常出现越级上报的问题,必须坚决纠正。

五、格式不全

公文格式中规定的各个组成部分,有许多是每一份公文都不可缺少的要素。如果在某一份公文的具体写作中,该标识的要素没有标识,就是格式不全(如缺少发文单位标识、发文字号、签发人、标题、主送单位、附件、成文日期、主题词等)。纠正这类错误的唯一办法就是认真检查,看到底有哪些部分该写而没写,然后将残缺的部分补写上去。

六、发文字号混乱

发文字号应当包括发文机关(单位)代字、年份、序号。年份、序号用阿拉伯数码标识;年份应标全称,用六角括号“〔 〕”括入;序号不编虚位(即1不编为001),不加“第”字。发文字号混乱的表现主要有:项目不完整;年份用中文数码标识或只标两位数,不用六角括号而用圆括号“( )”、方括号“[ ]”括入;序号加“第”字或编虚位。对这类错误,要根据具体情况一一改正。

七、标题不准确

具体表现在:公文标题没有准确简要地概括公文的主要内容,有时甚至题不对文;标题太长,甚至超过了50字;有的则过简,致使题意不清;标题中随意使用标点符号,而实际上按规定“公文标题中除法规、规章加书名号外,一般不用标点符号”;长标题的排布不合理不美观,没有做到回行时词意完整,排列对称,间距恰当。所有这些公文写作中常见的标题方面错误,必须根据规范要求予以改正。

八、主送单位不规范

主送单位应当使用全称或者规范化简称、统称,左侧顶格标起;若主送单位较多,标到行末后回行也应顶格;各单位名称中间用顿号,最后—个单位名称后标全角冒号;若涉及多方面机关单位,同级的按党、政、军、群的顺序排列。公文写作中主送单位标识上的错误主要有:单位名称不规范;各单位排列顺序混乱;多行排列时在单位名称处断开,而不是书写至行末才回行;回行不顶格。对这些错误的标识方法,应注意纠正。

九、抄送单位不规范

抄送单位的名称及多单位排列顺序与主送单位相同,这两方面的错误与改正方法也同上所述。但标识时应左空1字,回行时要与冒号后的抄送单位(即空4字而非空1字处)对齐,各单位间用逗号隔开,最后一个单位后标句号。这四点不同于主送单位的标识方法,常见的标识错误也往往在此,应予改正。此外,不少单位的公文仍沿用过去的“对上用‘抄报’,对下用‘抄送’”的标识法,这也是不规范的,须统一改为“抄送”。

十、成文日期不规范

最常见的错误有:用阿拉伯数码标识,“o”误标为“0”或“零”,年份不用全称,标识位置不规范等等。应根据《国家行政机关公文格式》(见本书附录三)的相关规定认真改正。

十一、序号、数字、计量单位不规范

公文中的序号按规定分四个层次[“一”、“(一)”、“1.”、“(1)”],若层次较少可省略“(一)”而直接用“1.”作为第二层次。公文中的数字,除成文日期外一般要用阿拉伯数码标识(详见本书附录三、附录八两个国家标准)。公文中要使用法定计量单位,计量单位名称原则上采用中文,且全文前后要统一。所有这些规定,许多基层单位制发的公文都施行得不够好,应引起重视,以规范公文写作。

篇11:雅思写作常见错误分析

雅思写作常见错误分析

中式英文

Topic 1-The happiest moment in your life

In our life, there are always some moments which make your heart flower opened angrily……

Topic 2- The population problem

The population problem is a very big problem. For example, in the city centers of Shanghai, we can always see people mountain people sea there.

Topic3- Is there fairness in today’s business world?

I think in today’s society, there is no fairness in the business world. For example, I always chopped when I go out buy things……

Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person

Being a nice person have many advantage. I believe if a people always do bad things, he will get “baoying”.

观点模糊态度暧昧

Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?

I think this topic is very hard to say. Because I am still very little,only 17, and not married, so this topic is very difficult for me……

偏离主题

Topic-It is said that nowadays one can not acquire the qualifications and quality essential to success through university education. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement? (雅思真题)

I think to success, we must have a lot of important qualities. To have these important qualities, we must learn a lot of things, for example, English,music tools, and etc. We can learn these qualities from our teachers, our friends and from books. All in all, we can learn from many places.

语法错误惨不忍睹

Topic-If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished? (雅思真题)

About this problem, my think is if children behave badly, then parents are not right. Because teach child is parent’s responsibility. So we also punish parents too besides children is also should.

过分简单没有重点

Topic-The importance of environmental protection

This issue is surely very important, let’s talk about it!

用词不当 表达不准

Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?

I think college students should not be allowed to get married because they are very young and so we can’t take the responsibility to form a family.

意思重复原地踏步

Topic-Your opinion on DINK families

My opinion on DINK families is that DINK families is not a good thing. And it is a bad thing. It brings no benefits to our society and it is even sometimes harmful to our society.

中国俗语胡乱翻译

Topic 1-Is it good to have a large family?

I think it is good to have a large family. Because we Chinese believe a sentence: “Many sons, many lucks”……

正确说法:Happiness lies in having many children

Topic 2 -Should we pretend to know everything or admit our ignorance?

We all know, our Chinese old fathers and grandfathers said: “Know is know,don’t know is don’t know”……

Topic 3- Do you think one’s character is greatly influenced by his/her family?

Chinese old words says very good: Dragon born dragon, phoenix born phoenix,rat’s son can make hole……

Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person

I believe one sentence:“A good person is all life safe”. We Chinese people always say: “Good has good pay, bad has bad pay”.

观点武断 态度强硬

Topic1-The importance of confidence

In my opinion, confidence is the most important thing for a person. All the successful people in the world are full of confidence. While those people who don’t have confidence, they all have failed.

Topic 2 - The solution to the traffic problem

I think to solve the traffic problem, very easy! For those who don’t obeythe traffic rules, we should put all of them into prison. If we do that, I’msure there will be no traffic problem any more.

雅思写作需注意的10个核心准则

Elementary principles of composition

1. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic

不同的段落构成文章,每个段落仅传递一个观点

2. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning

规则:每个段落均以主题句开头,并且首尾呼应。

A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning;

主题句前置

B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;

段落围绕主题句展开,后面的句子对主题句进行展开解释

C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.

末尾句或者对主题句进行强调,或者阐述主题句带来的结果。

3. Use the active voice

主动句永远比被动句直接有力

Eg: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground

= Dead leaves covered the ground. (清晰生动)

Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.

= Failing health compelled him to leave college. (简洁有力)

Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.

= He soon repented his words. (简洁有力)

4. Put statements in positive form

以肯定的形式表达否定的意思, 避免使用平淡、毫无色彩,犹豫不决和含糊其辞的语言。

Eg:He was not very often on time.

= He usually came late.

Eg: He did not think that studying Latin was much use.

= He thought the study of Latin useless.

Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.

= The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.

5. Omit needless words

删除冗词

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

有力的写作一定简洁。

Owing to the fact that

=Since (because)

In spite of the fact that

=Though (although)

Call your attention to the fact that

=Remind you (notify you)

The fact that he had not succeeded

=His failure

6. Avoid a succession of loose sentences

别写流水账,找找语言的逻辑关系,通过who, which, when, where, and while 这些词把句子串起来。

7. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form

Parallel structure平行结构讲究对称美:内容对等,结构一致。

Eg: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.

Parallel structure: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.

8. Keep related words together

词的位置决定词的关系,所以遵循‘物以类聚’,意思关联紧密的词放在一块。

A: 主谓之间不分割,补充信息需前置

Eg: Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.

Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. (状语前置,主谓毗邻)

B:关系代词紧随先行词出现

Eg: There was a look in his eye that boded mischief.

Eg: In his eye was a look that boded mischief. (名词look先行,关系词that紧随)

9. In summaries, keep to one tense

总结通常使用现在时态,如果使用过去时,请保持时态一致。

10. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end

欲擒故纵的圆周句(periodic sentence)中,强调信息后置。

Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.

Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.

雅思作文:常用来表达看法与立场的英式短语&句型

Functional Expressions:

Expressing Thoughts and opinions

have mixed views on

(人们)各持不同的看法

实战例句

It has been around fifteen years since the Internet was first introduced into British households but people still have mixed views on whether it is a positive or negative influence on society.

从因特网第一次走进英国家庭到现在已经有将近十五年了,但人们至今关于网络对社会产生的影响究竟是积极的还是消极的仍然意见不一。

常见的反义短语或句型

reach consensus on...

(人们) 对某事达成一致意见

例句

I will be difficult for people to reach a consensus on this issue.

要让人们对这一事件达成统一的意见是十分困难的。

I take the view that..

我所持的看法是……

例句

I take the view that free education should be available to financially needy people.

我所持的看法是应该时那些财务紧张的人们提供免费的教育。

be of the opinion that...

(某人的) 个人意见是 (注意不能遗漏句型中的介词of)

例句

They are of the opinion that morality cannot be legislated.他们的意见是道德是不能由法律来规定的。

be a highly charged issue

是一个引起激辩的话题

实战例句

Euthanasia is a highly charged issue in many European countries.

安乐死在许多欧洲国家都是一个备受争议的话题。

常见的近义短语或句型

ignite fierce debate

引发了激烈的争论

例句

The song's lyrics ignited fierce debate last year.

这首歌的歌词在去年引发了激烈的争论。

be a well-established fact

(某事) 是为人们所共知的事实

例句

It is a well-established fact that very young children learn best by rote.

人们普遮公认低龄儿童更适合通过机械记忆来学习。

The tide of opinion is now running steadily against...

目前的观点普遍倾向于反对……

实战例句

The tide of opinion is now running steadily against the new traffic law.

目前人们的观点普遍倾向于反对新颁布的交通法。

常见近义短语或句型

The majority of people oppose…

多数人反对……

例句

The majority of people oppose the proposed tax reform.

对于提交上去的税制改革方案,多数人持反对意见。

It stands to reason that...

(某现象) 是符合常理的

实战例句

It stands to reason that a child who is constantly criticised will grow up to have no self-confidence.

一个在不断被挑剔的环境中长大的孩子,在成年后会变得毫无自信,这是符合常理的逻辑。

常见近义短语或句型

The concerns that... are well-justified.

对于某事的担心是完全合理的

例句

The concerns that the new law will curtail(削减)NGO (非政府组织)activities are well-justified.

人们关于新法规可能会减少非政府组织活动的担心是完全合理的。

It is an inescapable fact that...

是一个无法回避的事实

实战例句

It is an inescapable fact that some students behave badly and damage the learning environment.

有一些学生行为恶劣并且破坏学习气氛的问题是一个无法回避的事实。

常见近义短语或句型

be unavoidable

是不可避免的

例句

Many people feared that war was unavoidable.

许多人害怕战争最终还是会无可避免地来临。

... be noticeabie

(某种现象) 十分显著

实战例句

The differences between the British and American academic systems are noticeable.

英国和美国的学术体制差别十分显著。

常见近义短语或句型

...be substantial differences

某种差异是本质性的

例句

There were substantial differences in the proportion of men and women at various levels.

在不同的级别上,男女人数的比例有着本质性的差异。

The underlying cause of sth. is…

某现象的深层原因是……

实战例句

We should look into the underlying cause of this problem.

我们应该从更深一层去剖析这个问题的原因。

常用联想短语或句型

A fundamental mistake made by sb.is...

某人所犯的根本性错误是...

例句

Their fundamental mistake is to rely too much on technology.

他们所犯的根本性错误就是太过于依赖科技了

下次雅思写作中要表达立场或者看法的话,不愁没法下笔了吧~

篇12:公文写作常见错误辨析

公文写作常见错误辨析

尽管国务院、国电公司的《公文处理办法》及国家标准《公文格式》对公文的种类、格式、行文规则等都作了明确规定,在我们一些电力企业尤其是基层部门,写作公文还经常存在各种各样的错误。究其原因,主要有:①对上述规定、标准不熟悉,也没有好好学习,基本上是个门外汉;②对最新的规定、标准不了解,仍然沿用旧的、不规范的写法;③写作态度不够认真,没有严格按照规定、标准的要求去做;④文字表达能力较差,又没有反复推敲认真修改。明确了错误原因,就可以根据自已的具体情况,有的放矢地加以解决,避免写作错误的产生。

下面,对公文写作中一些常见错误及其改正办法作一简要介绍:

一、文种不明

即从公文的标题上看不出属于哪种公文。例如“关于接待德国×××公司总裁访问的事”这一标题,就没有表明是“函”,是“请示”,还是“通知”;而《国家行政机关公文处理办法》明确规定:“公文标题应当准确简要地概括公文的主要内容并标明公文种类,一般应当标明发文机关。”又如“汇报电力标准化工作”这一标题,不仅没有文种,连题意也不清。应该根据这份文件的内容与目的,或者把它改为公文类的“××××(发文单位)关于电力标准化工作的报告”,或者改为事务类的“××××(发文单位)电力标准化工作总结”。

二、生造文种

一种情况是把性质、用法不同的文种混为一体,拼凑在一起,不伦不类,例如“关于×××的请示报告”;另一种情况是把某些事务文书或规章制度类文书当作机关公文那样直接行文,例如把“计划”、“安排”、“总结”、“制度”、“细则”等直接作为公文印发。

第一种情况容易改正,只要根据公文内容确定一个文种,把另一个删去即可。第二种情况则应这样处理:如果这些事务类、规章制度类文书要像正式公文那样行文,下行的可以采用“通知”文种,用以下方式行文:

(1)规章制度类文书以“印发”形式行文。如××省电力有限公司《关于印发〈××省电力有限公司公文处理规则〉的通知》,把发布的规则作为通知的附件,一起行文。(又,《国家电力公司公文处理办法》第十六条规定:“公司内部规章制度,以‘国电内规’

字号印发,由法律事务部审核编号。”据此,规章制度类文书也可以不用“通知”文种而直接行文,但字号及审核编号部门应按规定。)

(2)事务文书以“转发”或“批转”的形式行文(上级、同级或不相隶属单位的用“转发”,下级单位上报的则用“批转”)。如《关于转发××电业局工作计划的通知》,将《19工作计划》作为通知的附件行文。

如果是上行公文,可用“报告”行文,把要报送的事务文书、规章制度类文书作为附件。

三、错用文种

错用文种的情况更为常见,大致有以下几种:

(1)把“请示”误为“报告”。例如《关于××电厂国有资产评估立项的报告》,其内容是申请对现有国有资产进行评估立项,应使用“请示”,却误用为“报告”。

(2)滥用“通知”。即把本该用“决定”、“规定”、“办法”、“通报”的误为“通知”。

(3)滥用“请示”。有些单位向同级单位或者有关业务部门提出某些请求批准或办理的`事项时,不用本该使用的平行文种“函”,特地用“请示”这一上行文种,认为这样做是尊重对方,好办事。这种做法破坏了行文规则,必须改正。

(4)“批复”误用为“通知”或“函”。对下级的“请示”,必须用“批复”这一文种作答复,但有的公文却写成《关于批复××××的通知(或函)》,应改为《关于××××的批复》。

(5)“函”误用为“批复”。某些业务主管部门在答复不相隶属单位请求审批的有关事项时,本该用平行文“函”,却写成《关于×××(单位)×××(事项)的批复》。

(6)误用处分事项公文文种。“决定”和“通报”均可用于处分事项。处分“决定”是行政处分的正式文件,要装入被处分人的档案;批评性“通报”主要起教育警醒作用,不装入档案。批评性“通报”可以带附件(即关于事件或事故的调查报告),处分“决定”不能带。处分“决定”一般让有关人员知晓即可;批评性“通报”要

发送到下属各单位,甚至要抄送有关的不相隶属的单位。因此,应该根据处分事项具体情况正确选用,以避免误用文种。

篇13:考研英语写作常见错误

3)可数名词与不可数名词,名词的单复数,例如:

误:Large quantities of food have been stored for the winter.

正:Large quantities of food has been stored for the winter.

误:Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others areessential to their development. (is)

正:Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others isessential to their development.

4)介词搭配,例如:

误:Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen of on her way home.

正:Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen from her on her way home.

Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed of her on her way home.

误:For my part, I agree to the latter opinion for the following reasons.

正:For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons.

误:We agreed to leaving there the next day.

正:We agreed on leaving there the next day.

5) 单词大小写及拼写错误,在写作中,题目的大小写(除冠词、连词和介词外, 其他词原则上都应该第一个字母大写);例如:

误:Human needs and wants

正:Human Needs and Wants

误:He said, “he is going to Shanghai next week”.

正:He said, “He is going to Shanghai next week”.

6)专有名词(人名,地名,书名)和缩写字母要大写;头衔在专有名词前要大写,在专有名词后则小写;例如:

误:Caption smith

正:Caption Smith/Smith, the captain

误:I am writing to recommend you to read Wealth of Nations for the club reading sessions.

正:I am writing to recommend you to read Wealth of Nations for the club reading sessions.

7)分清及物动词与不及物动词,例如:

误:He arrived Paris the day before yesterday.

正:He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

8)被动语态与主动语态,例如:

误:The question is hard to be understood.

正:The question is hard to understand.

9 )词类混淆,将动词或形容词误作名词用,将名词或动词误作形容词用等。例如:

误:It's becoming difficulty to remember things for her.

正:It's becoming difficult to remember things for her.

误:There was no difficult in persuading her.

正:There was no difficulty in persuading her.

10)冠词,情态动词,介词,代词等方面的应用,例如:

误:Favorable attitude to the life can broaden our experience and enhance our vigor then to create a enthusiastic environment for our society.

正:Favorable attitude to the life can broaden our experience and enhance our vigor then to create an enthusiastic environment for our society.

误:As a result, they can paid for the expense to do that kind of things.

正:As a result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things.

11) 标点符号,写文章时,切忌从头到尾只用逗号的现象,每完成一句话,需要正确的使用标点符号来标注出。同时也要注意正确使用逗号和分号。例如:

误:Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work, such as the tank workers, while some people use the computer to play games, for example, some old person like to play game on computer.

正:Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work. Such as the tank workers. While some people use the computer to play games. For example, some old person like to play game on computer.

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