考研英语定语从句详解

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篇1:考研英语定语从句详解

定语从句的识别和处理方法

1.结构识别:名词+连接词+句子

从本质上讲句子在很多时候也是一个名词,因此这个结构也可以是这样的:句子+连接词+句子。在这种结构中连接词前面一定要出现逗号,这种结构在传统的语法书中也被称为非限定性定语从句。

【例】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.

【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的:Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子,这样两个句子就有了共有的名词,连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用,就可以用which代替it,这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。

定语从句的连接词:

关系代词:who, whom, which, that, as, whose

关系连词:when, where, why, how

介词+关系代词:as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子

2.定语从句的处理方法

A.按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置,这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。

B.在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子,因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子,这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词,拆分点就是连接词。对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句,拆分点就在介词处。

【例】There is something by virtue of which man is man.

【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的:

1)There is something.

2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.

这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing,用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前,得到:There is something of which man is man by virtue.

by virtue of是一个相对固定的短语:by为介词,virtue为名词,构成一个介词短语,of短语修饰virtue。为了保持结构的相对完整性,写作的时候最好把by virtue一并提前,得到:There is something by virtue of which man is man.在翻译的时候可以提前,也可以分译。

【译文】存在一种特性,人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。(或:存在一种使人成为人的特性)

定语从句的简化表达法

1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

3. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:

1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

3. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:

1. 被修饰名词+doing短语: 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。

2. 被修饰名词+ done短语: 被…..的人/事

3. 被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被…..的人/事

4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被…..的人/事

总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。

1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2. 分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的

3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的,to be done表示将要被做的

篇2:考研英语语法:考研英语定语从句详解

考研英语语法:考研英语定语从句详解

定语从句是英语学习的难点,也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要从以下维度的内容进行学习:

一、定义

定语从句是指在句中做定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句,其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。

二、定语从句的结构

定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词who,whom, whose, that, which,that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。

(一) 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

(1)who,whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中做主语和宾语。例如:

。Is hethe man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中做主语)

。He isthe man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中做宾语)

(2)whose 用作关系词表示所属格,也可看作是关系形容词,因为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:

。Theyrushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

(3)which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如:

。Aprosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which /that在句中作宾语)

(二)关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

(1)关系副词when,where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如:

。Thereare occasions when(on which)onemust yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

。Beijingis the place where(in which)I wasborn.

北京是我的出生地。

。Is thisthe reason why(for which)herefused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

(2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

。Hisfather died the year(that / when / in which)he wasborn.

他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

。 He isunlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)helived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

(三) 限制性和非限制性定语从句

(1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

。This isthe house which we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

。Thehouse, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

(2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

。CharlesSmith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理。史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

。Myhouse, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

。 Thisnovel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

(3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

。Heseems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

。Liquidwater changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.

液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

(四) 介词+关系词

(1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

(2)that前不能有介词。

(3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:

。This isthe house in which I lived two years ago.

这是我两年前住过的房子。

。This isthe house where I lived two years ago.

。Do youremember the day on which you joined our club?

还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

。Do youremember the day when you joined our club?

(五)as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句

由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat.As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

。As weknow, smoking is harmful to one's health.

如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

。The sunheats the earth, which is very important to us.

太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

【特别提示】 as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

a)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

b)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的`关系代词只能用which.。

三、翻译方法

定语从语从句有以下五种翻译方法:

前置法:这是定语从句的翻译中较常见的一种,即把定语从句的内容翻译成“…………的”,放在被修饰词的前面。这种方法的使用有一个原则即是定语从句内容简短,翻译符合汉语表达习惯。

后置法:与前置法不同,后置法就是把定语从句的翻译放在被修饰词之后,这样做的目的在于使译文符合汉语的表达习惯。在此,定语从句的后置翻译分为三类:由which引导定语从句时一般翻译为“这”;另一些引导词则在翻译时重复先行词,即被修饰词;还有一些引导词在翻译时可以省略不译。

融合法:在限制性定语从句中,由于定语从句与主句关系紧密,所以定语从句往往翻译成句子的谓语部分,主语即是定语从句的先行词。这里讲的融合法即是将定语从句与主句融合为一个简单句的方法。这种用法往往用在“there be”结构带有定语从句的句型中……

状译法:英语的定语从句中有一类在形式上是主句的定语从句

篇3:考研语法定语从句详解

一、定语从句的构成:先行词(所修饰的名词)+关系代词/关系副词(从属连词)+从句

二、定语从句的类型:根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型:关系代词引导的定语从句,关系副词引导的定语从句,和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先,关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语,且做主语时关系代词不能省略,做宾语时可以省略。

例1:He who laughs last laughs best. (笑到最后的人笑得最美。)

分析:who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。

例2:He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. (他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。)

分析:that引导定语从句修饰名词material,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。

例3:The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. (我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。)

分析:which引导定语从句修饰名词house,且在从句中做宾语,可以省略。

例4:The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. (妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。)

分析:whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl,且在从句中做主语,不可以省略。

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高,最后一种不太常见,容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。

例1:The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值,懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。)

分析:when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments,在从句中做时间状语。

例2:When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (工作完成后,一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来,在这种环境中,由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。)

分析:where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate,在从句中做地点状语。

例3:Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine? (你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗?)

分析:why引导定语从句修饰名词reason,在从句中做原因状语。

例4:Teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (按照传统,教书是许多知识分子借以谋生的手段。)

3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句

As/which引导的非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰某个词语,而且可以修饰整个主句。而as引导的从句位置灵活,既可以位于句首,也可以位于句尾或者句中。且有些表达已经固定下来,如as is known to all 众所周知;as is often the case 情况往往如此。相比而言,which的位置就比较受限制,通常位于句末。

例1:Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry----William Shakespeare. (众所周知,艾文河畔的斯特拉特福镇,只有一种产业――威廉.莎士比亚。)

分析:as引导定语从句,使用了其固定表达。

例2:She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is. (她非常善良、体贴,而她妹妹却从不这样。)

分析:which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。

篇4:考研英语定语语法详解

定语中的“定”的含义就是修饰、限定,用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。同学们头脑中的定语主要是形容词,但是除了形容词外还有其他的词或者短语以及句子都能够用来起修饰作用。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,因此能够判断一个成分作定语的标志就是能够翻译为“…的”。对于什么成分可以用来作定语我们也可以像分析主语一样,同样从三个方面入手:词、短语、句子。

词作定语

其中第一类是同学们都熟悉的形容词。例如prettygirl中的pretty,largeanimals中的large等等。这样的词语很容易辨析。第二类是名词,但是这些词语已经约定俗成的被当成了一个名词,其实他们之间也是有修饰关系的,比如hairstyle这个名词,其中hair实际上是用来修饰style的,翻译成“头发的样式”。第三类是代词,如my,your,…等等翻译成“我的”“你的”实际上也可以作定语。第四类是数词,比如afiveyearoldboy中的fiveyearsold便是数词做定语修饰boy。

短语作定语

分为三类:第一类,形容词短语作定语,例如peasantsbusygettingincrops,在这个句子当中busygettingincrops作定语修饰peasants,翻译成正在收粮食的农民。而这个短语是有busy引导的形容词短语,因此形容词短语也可以作定语。第二类是介词短语。举一个同学们常见的例子,比如说你是某某大学的学生,翻译成英语是IamastudentofXXuniversity.在这个句子中,ofXXuniversity作定语修饰student。第三类是非谓语动词,也就是todo、doing、done。比如theabilitytoworkoutproblems中的toworkoutproblems就是作定语修饰ability,翻译成解决问题的能力。又如thegirlstandingthere中的standingthere作定语修饰girl,翻译为站在那里的女孩。再如thewatchmended中的mended作定语修饰thewatch,翻译为被修的手表。

句子作定语

实际上就是用一个句子来修饰,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。

通过上面的讲解,希望同学们可以走出只有形容词可以当定语的误区,尤其对于短语作定语的情况进行熟悉,会对你在分析长难句中起到很大的帮助作用。

篇5:考研英语 考研英语同位语从句详解

考研英语 考研英语同位语从句详解

名词性从句在每年的考研英语试卷中出现频次较高,在各种题目中经常出现。掌握同位语从句,需要仔细研读以下学习维度的内容:

一、定义

一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分,对前者进一步说明,叫做同位语。

在某些名词后可以用that, whether, when等引导的从句作同位语,称为同位语从句。这些名词有:

agreement一致意见 assumption假定 awareness意识

belief看法 conclusion结论 conviction深信

decision决定 delusion错觉 determination决心

discovery发现 doubt怀疑 dream梦想

evidence证据 explanation解释 fact事实

feeling感觉 guarantee保证 guess猜测

hope希望 idea观点 knowledge认识

likelihood可能性 message信息 mind想法

news消息 notion观念 objection反对

opinion观点 possibility可能性 prediction预测

probability可能性 problem问题 proof证据

proposal建议 proposition论点、主张 question问题

realization认识 rumor传闻 sign迹象

truth事实 theory理论 thought想法

二、结构

(一)由that引导

・I have no doubt that he will overcome all this difficulties.

他会克服一切困难,对此我并不感到怀疑。

【特别提示】:同位语从句引导词that不可省略。

(二)由whether引导

・The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been decided.

我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作,这个问题还未决定。

(三)由其他词引导的同位语从句

・I have not made up my mind what elective subjects I am to take next term.

我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。

・When you are about halfway through the story, try to make a guess how the plot

will develop.

当你把故事读到一半时,猜测一下情节将如何发展。

・I have no idea when I will be back from Shanghai.

我不知道我什么时候从上海回来。

(四)同位语从句与被修饰名词的分割

有时,为了保持句式的平衡,将同谓语从句与被修饰的名词分割,其间出现其他成分。

・Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

人们日益担心,证人可能会因此而受到鼓励,在法庭上夸大事实以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。(这里先行词concerns与that同位语从句被谓语were raised隔开。)

三、翻译方法

同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:

① 可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。

② 放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。

③ 译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。

④ 用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。

⑤ 译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的.名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。

【真题例句】

What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

【解析】

句子可拆分为:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.

主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。

【参考译文】

难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主导的生产力革命是否真的存在。

篇6:高中定语从句例题详解

第三部分(最新五年定语从句体验)

高考定语从句

1.(10福建24)Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose

2.(10湖南28)I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. whereC. when D. which

3.(10江西31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what

4.(10山东24.)That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.

A. that B. which C. whoseD. What

5.(10上海38)Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which

6.(10天津8)-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

-You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15. A. asB. which C. where D. that

7.(10四川10)After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.w_w* 5A.that B.which C.when D.where

8.(10全国Ⅰ24) As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,____ is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

9.(10江苏32)The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. that B. it C. whatD. which

10.(10陕西11)The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D. Whose

11.(10全国Ⅱ16)I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. asD. what

12.(10北京27)Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

A. what B. whose C. which D. that

13.(10重庆28)In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that

14.(10浙江3)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A.whom B.which C.them D.those

高考定语从句试题

1.(09山东24)Whenever I met her, _______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who B. which C. when D. that

2.(09宁夏海南28)She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

3.(09江苏23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. when C. which D. since

4.(09天津5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

A. who B. whomC. whose D. whoever

5.(09陕西11)Gun control is a subject ___ Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

6.(09上海34)Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now Ks5uA. where B. when C. there D. which Ks5u

7.(09江西26)The house I grew up _____ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in itB. inC. in that D. in which

8.(09四川20)She’ll never forget her stay there ___ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when

9.(09辽宁23)They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising

A. that B. when C. what D. which

10.(09福建24)It’s helpful to put children in a situationthey can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. whichD. where

11.(09浙江14)I have reached a point in my life ___ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

12.(09重庆34)Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what C. that D. where

13.(09湖南26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

14.(09全国Ⅱ17)My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which B. that C. whereD. it

15.(09北京26)-What do you think of teacher ,Bob?

-I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .

A. where B. whichC. when D. that

高考定语从句

1.(08北京28)I’ll give you my friend’s home address, I can be reached most evenings.

A.which B.when C.whom D.where

2.(08安徽26)All the neighbors admire this family,______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.why B.where C.which D.that

3.(08江西35)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

A.where B.when C.who D.which

4.(08湖南31)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that

5.(08陕西13)The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.

A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which

6.(08四川4)For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further, New

York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which

7.(08重庆21)They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.

A.where B.there C.which D.when

8.(08浙江8)Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.

A. whenB. where C. that D. which

9.(08福建31)By nine o’clock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.

A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which

10.(08江苏24)The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of London’s tourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where

11.(08山东26)Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

A.who B.which C.why D.when

高考定语从句

1.(07全国Ⅰ22)Some pre-school children go to a day care center, they learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where

2.(07北京23)We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.

A.that B.which C.what D.whom

3.(07上海37)His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it

4.(07天津11)

Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more

than hearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.where

5.(07安徽34)Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of themC.none of whomD.neither of whom

6.(07江西32)After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where

7.(07湖南32)By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,

can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

8.(07陕西20)Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A.which B.as C.why D.where

9.(07四川27)It is reported that two schools, are being built in my hometown,will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which

10.(07北京23)Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.

A.who;/ B./;who C.who;who D./;/

11.(07重庆30)Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree they can be

controlled on purpose.A.with which B.to which C.of which D.for which

12.(07浙江14)Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.A.that B.which C.who D.where

13.(07福建27)

The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.

A.when B.which C.that D.where

14.(07辽宁24)

Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.

A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this

15.(07江苏33)

He was educated at the local high school, he went on to Beijing University.

A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that

16.(07山东30)-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm we worked.

A.that B.there C.which D.where

17.(07山东35)The book was written in 1946, the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when B.during which C.since then D.since when

高考定语从句

1.(06天津12) The Beatles__ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.

A.what B.that C.how D.as

2.(06天津14)There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A.that B.which C.until D.if

3.(06辽宁25) I was told that there were about 50 foreign student Chinese in the school,most were from Germany.

A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom

4.(06浙江13)I was given three books on cooking,the first I really enjoyed.

A.of that B.of which C.that D.which

5.(06福建22)Look out!Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.

A.whose B.which C.of which D.that

6.(06陕西)She was educated at Beijing University, _______she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that

7.(06湖南)We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us.,________we gave some bells and glasses.

A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which

8.(06江苏) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

9.(06江西)-Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

-Yes ,there’s one point we must insist on. A.why B. whereC.howD./

10.(06辽宁)I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _________ Chinese in the school , most ______ were from Germany .

A. study ; of whomB. study ; of them C. studying ; of themD. studying ; of whom

11.(06山东)We’re just tying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.

A.where B.that C.when D.which

12. (06重庆)I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction________ she had come.

A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

第一部分【定语从句专练】

1-5 A B C C C 6-10 D D C B C 11-15 C C A D C 16-20 C D D D C 21-25 B B D B D 26-30 A D A C B 31-35 D B B B C 36-40 D B B A B 41-45 A B C A A 46-50 D B D B B 51-55 C B B A B 56-60 B B C D A 61-65 D D C B A 66-70 D C C C C 71-75 A B D A C 76-80 C C C C D 81-85 B A B C B 86-90 C D D C C 91-95 C C A D C 96-100 C B D D C 101-105 B B B C A 106-110 B C D D C 111-115 B B B B A 116-120 D B A C B 121-125 B C B B C 126-130 B A A B A 131-135 C A C A D 136-140 B D B C B 141-145 D D C A B 146-150 A B D C D 151-155 D C C D D 156-160 C D B C A 161-165 C B B C D 166-170 C A C C D 171-175 B A A D A 176-180 C A A B C 181-185 D B D C A

第二部分(填空、改错)

1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where

11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. when 30. where

第三部分(最新五年定语从句体验)

1.答案:B解析:先行词为planet,表示地点,故用where。

2. 答案:A解析:该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students,且在从句中作met的宾语,故选关系代词who,即A项3.答案:A解析:先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。4.答案:C解析:句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用,所以使用whose。

5.答案:C解析:考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\\that

we may return to in the near future. 6.答案:C. 句意:-你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗?-你应该到我去的那家理发店试试,只需要15美元。解析:句中the barber’s 是先行词,从句中go 是不及物动词,所选关系代词在从句中作状语,所以要用where。

7.答案:B解析:此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句,which代替前边整个句子。句意为:“大学毕业后,我们休假一段时间去旅游,这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”

8. 答案:A解析:根据选项此题考察从句,空格设置在名词school后,且school后有逗号,此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school,它在定于从句中做主语,因此使用关系代词,选项中的关系代词只有which和that,由于是非限定性定语从句,不能使用that,因此选择A。9. 选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙10.答案:D. 解析:所填词引导定语从句,先行词是the old temple,关系词在从句中做roof的定语,用关系代词whose,选D。其余选项与题意不符。

11.答案:B解析:不定代词something作主语,用that引导。

12.答案:B解析:不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分,为主系表结构,因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的,符合题意。 13.答案C解析: development与先行词cities之间是所属关系,所以选whose。句意是:在中国,城市的数量在增加,城市的发展被全世界意识到。

14.答案:A解析:由many之后的逗号和选项特征,此处是主从句关系,排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”,表示人,故用whom。句意为:这里居住着将近1000人,他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。

20高考定语从句答案

1. B 本题考查连词的用法,非限制性定语从句,指代前面一个句子,故用which.

2. C 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为:她带着她的三个朋友,他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。

3. B 由于金融危机,当地五星级酒店一晚收费6000元的日子不复存在了。when引导的从句做days的定语。

4. C

5. C 考查定语从句,先行词是Gun control,指物,关系词在从句中做介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth,选C。

6. A

7. B 本题考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。

8. C

9. D 考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析。此处意思是“我发现他们已经赢得了最后的三场比赛,这一点令人有点吃惊”,which代替上句“They’ve won their last three matches”做find的宾语,选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中,B,C此处没有他们的意思。

10. D

考查定语从句。先行词是situation,指物,亦可指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词where,选D。

11. B

12. D

13. D 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语,意思为这个城市的名字。

14. A 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。)

15. A

20高考定语从句答案

1. D 由于先行词是home address表示地点,故定语从句中的关系词应为where。

2. B句意为:所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏不已,在这个家庭里,父母对待他们的孩子就像对待朋友一样。family后跟非限制性定语从句,此处缺少地点状语,故用where。

3. A这个从句应是定语从句,先行词是前面的cases,空白处在从句中作状语,应用where引导,指抽象的地点,意为“在这些案例中……”。

4. B 句意为:植物的生长速度受诸多因素的影响,绝大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。which引导非限制性定语从句,且作介词of的宾语。

5.. D watch是物,故定语从句的引导词不可用whom,可排除A、B两项。由句意可知,空格处可填入whose hands或the hands of which表示所属关系。

6. C 句意为:对于世界上许多城市来说,没有可以进一步延展的空间,其中纽约是一个例子。表达“……中的一个……”应使用介词of,用以表示所属关系。

7. A where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。

8. D which引导非限制性定语从句,充当bought的宾语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

9. D考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。which指代Mount Qomolangma,rainbow应在山峰的上空,故用介词above。

10. A which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the Science Museum,同时又在从句中作visited的宾语。

where为关系副词,不能作宾语;that不能引导非限制性定语从句;what不能引导定语从句。

11. D when此处为关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词occasions,when在从句中作时间状语。

20高考定语从句答案

1. D where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,相当于in which。

2 D most of whom为“代词+介词+关系代词”在句中引导非限制性定语从句,whom指代先行词people。That不引导非限制性定语从句。

3. A which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容。

4. D 句意为“那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。”先行词activity后跟定语从句,从句中where作地点状语,意为“在那儿,在那种情况或场合下”。

5. D 此处考查“of+关系代词whom”引导非限制性定语从句;两者之间用neither表示否定。

6. D 本题考查定语从句关系词的确定。英语中,point/situation/case等作先行词,其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时,用关系副词where(相当于in which)。该定语从句缺少地点状语,因此用where。what不能引导定语从句。

7. B 空白处所在句为非限制性定语从句,C、D两项可排除,关系词在句中作主语,且指代上文的事情,所以A项可排除。

8. D 本题考查定语从句。定语从句中有些特例,那就是case,point,situation等词作定语从句的先行词,若定语从句缺状语,则用where引导。此处先行词为cases,后面定语从句缺少状语,故选where。

9. D 此处考查定语从句,应用关系代词,因此排除A、C两项;B项中的both应置于are之后,所以只有D项正确。

10. C 此句中包含两个定语从句,且关系词在定语从句中都作主语,不能省略。

11. B to a degree有点,稍微。句意为:人的面部表情与动物的不一样,他们可以故意地稍微控制一下。

12. B本题考查定语从句。前有逗号,故为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Chan’s restaurant,指物,又作定语从句的主语,故用which。

13. D 本题考查定语从句,且本句为分隔性定语从句。定语从句的先行词为the village,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。

14. B 此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。

15 A after which为“介词+关系代词”结构,引导非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。

16. D where在句中引导定语从句,并在从句中作地点状语。

17. D since when=since 1946,此处用since来连接两个句子,主句要用现在完成时态。

20高考定语从句答案

1. D 根据句子结构和意义可知空格处应选用一个非限制性定语从句的引导词;what不引导定语从句,that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句;该定语从句中的引导词应作remember的宾语,排除how。

2. A that引导同位语从句,在从句中无意义,也不作句子成分;which引导定语从句应作句子成分,引导名词性从句表示“哪一个”;用until意义不通,用if则应为if Bill recovers from...。

3. D 第一空用现在分词结构作后置定语,相当于定语从句who study Chinese;第二空whom引导定语从句,且在从句中作介词of的宾语。

4. B 因the first与three books之间是部分与整体的关系,因此应用介词of,且介词后只能用which,不用that。

5. A 本题考查定语从句引导词whose的用法,whose roof=of which the roof或the roof of which。

6.Awhich此处引导非限制性定语从句。

7.B give sth. to sb.

8.D which此处引导非限制性定语从句。

9.D point在从句中作宾语,关系代词省略。

10.D studying作定语,相当于who are studying…,后半句为非限制性定语从句。

11.A point在从句中做状语,用关系副词where.

12.D come from the direction…。

篇7:考研英语定语从句翻译技巧

根据我们的统计,从1994年开始到年的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句,占到了55.3%的比例,一半还要多的比例!因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以定语从句翻译的好坏直接影响到广大考生考研翻译的分数

我们知道,能够作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语,还有从句也可以作定语,那么这种从句我们称之为定语从句。

英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用,作用相当于形容词,那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时,我们把定语从句分为两类,一是限制性定语从句,一类是非限定性定语从句。那么,什么是限定性定语从句,简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制,表示“….的人或是物”,

举个例子来说:He is a man whom you should marry. 在这个句子中,如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry. 这个句子意思就不完整,甚至可以说是不成立了。

而非限定性定语从句,顾名思义,这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用,而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用,与主句的关系并不密切,拿掉非限定性定语从句,主句意思照样成立。

举个例子来说:He is my father, who love me deeply. 在这个句子中,如果去掉这个“who love me deeply.”非限定性定语从句,He is my father,这个主句照样成立,意思也不会受到太大影响。

而定语从句种类的不同,我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。

一 、前置法

当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单,或是较为简短时,我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。

我们看一个的一个句子。

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句,是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢,只有三个词,意义和结构都较为简单,因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。

译文:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。

再比如:

98 年71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句,其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单,我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。

译文: 但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

二、单独成句

当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂,意义较为繁杂的时候,如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话,会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂,而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚,明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候,往往也要单独成句。

比如:

64) Tylor defined culture as “... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

在这个句子中,whole后面是一个很长的定语从句,无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂,所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。

译文:泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。

再比如:

61题:The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(非限定性定语从句)

“which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.”是非限定性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before 引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root,在状语从句中又包含了一个由how 引导的宾语从句,作realized的宾语。句中Take root in 作“ 扎根“讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的,所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。

译文:“希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系,这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。”

三、融合法

把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句,定语从句译成谓语。

这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句,尤其是“there be”句型中。

There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。

There are many people who are interested in the new invention.很多人对这项发明感兴趣。

这种定语从句在已经考过的试卷中还没有出现,所以,大家先掌握了具体的方法就好了!

四、状译法

英语中有些定语从句, 不仅仅起到一个定语修饰的作用,而且在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系, 表示原因、让步、转折等等关系。所以广大考生在翻译的时候,应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。

比如:

97 年71) Actually,it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

在这个句子中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account,而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句,修饰something。这个定语从句在这里有一个转折的逻辑关系在里边,所以要翻译出来!

译文:事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。

篇8:考研英语定语从句语法讲解

1.结构识别:名词+连接词+句子

从本质上讲句子在很多时候也是一个名词,因此这个结构也可以是这样的:句子+连接词+句子。在这种结构中连接词前面一定要出现逗号,这种结构在传统的语法书中也被称为非限定性定语从句。

【例】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.

【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的:Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子,这样两个句子就有了共有的名词,连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用,就可以用which代替it,这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。

定语从句的连接词:

关系代词:who, whom, which, that, as, whose

关系连词:when, where, why, how

介词+关系代词:as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子

2.定语从句的处理方法

A.按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置,这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。

B.在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子,因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子,这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词,拆分点就是连接词。对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句,拆分点就在介词处。

【例】There is something by virtue of which man is man.

【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的:

1)There is something.

2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.

这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing,用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前,得到:There is something of which man is man by virtue.

by virtue of是一个相对固定的短语:by为介词,virtue为名词,构成一个介词短语,of短语修饰virtue。为了保持结构的相对完整性,写作的时候最好把by virtue一并提前,得到:There is something by virtue of which man is man.在翻译的时候可以提前,也可以分译。

【译文】存在一种特性,人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。(或:存在一种使人成为人的特性)

3.定语从句的作用

1.连接两个具有共同名词的句子。

【例】I have three books of which the red is my favorite.

【解析】这是一个很简单的句子,定语从句由of which引导,但是这个句子并不是在修饰和限定前面的单词books。这个句子其实是由两个句子合并而成的:

1)I have three books.

2)The red of those books is my favorite.

这两个句子中有共同的名词books,这样就可以合写成一个句子,此时就用到了定语从句的第二个作用:连接两个具有共同名词的句子。把第二个句子中的those books替换成能连接两个句子的关系代词which,这样就能产生了如下这个句子:I have three books, the red of which is my favorite.为了让整个句子更加紧凑就把of which提到books后面,进而形成了刚才的那个句子。

表示因果逻辑关系

【例】America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

【解析】这句话中有一个定语从句是由whose来引导的,在翻译的时候也有两种处理方法:

1)美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想,他们的经济被战争摧毁了。

2)美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想,因为他们的经济被战争摧毁了。

而后面就有对应这个句子的考题:The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because .

答案:the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitions.

题干对应刚才句子的主句America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians,在表述上进行了同义替换,而正确选项就是对应whose所引导的定语从句。

相关专题 从句定语