NSEFC 高考第一轮复习(Unit 1-5 SeniorI)
【简介】感谢网友“Languishing”参与投稿，以下是小编精心整理的NSEFC 高考第一轮复习(Unit 1-5 SeniorI)（共9篇），供大家阅读参考。
篇1：NSEFC 高考第一轮复习(Unit 1-5 SeniorI)
Unit One Good Friends
一、旧大纲生词：
honest, brave, wise, handsome, smart, argue, fond, match, mirror, fry, gun, hammer, movie, share, feeling, lie, speech, adventure, quality, Australia, successful, manager, company,
二、新增大纲生词：loyal, classical, saw, rope, compass, cast, survive, deserted, hunt, sorrow, airplane, notebook, scared, error, ski, boring, hobby, novel, businessman, challenge, soccer crash
三、人名、地名、非大纲生词：solution, Steve, Sarah, Joe, Tom Hanks, Chuck Noland, Wilson, parachute, e-pal, South Carolina, formal, hike, gender，
四、短语：
1.make an apology to sb. for sth. = apologize to sb. for sth.2. argue with sb. about sth. 与某人争论*3. be into=be interested in 4. surf the Internet 网上冲浪5. all the time 一直，始终*6. hunt for =search for 7. share happiness and sorrow同甘共苦8. care about sb. 关心某人9. make friends with…和…交朋友10．have fun 玩得开心 *11. drop sb. a line =write a letter to sb.12. be curious about 对…好奇*13．be loyal to…对…忠诚=be devoted to*14. keep an eye on 照看，密切注视 15. be fond of 喜欢，爱好*16．fair-weather friends 不可共患难的朋友17．keep… in mind 牢记18. develop a friend with sb. 与某人增进友谊19．fill in a form 填表格*20．skip classes 逃课
五、句式
1. I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. (P2.1)
2. Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. (P2. 1)
3. Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland.
4. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.(P3.2)
5. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
6. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.
7. Even though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him.(P2 4)
8. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow., and that it is important to have someone to care about.
9. He understands that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.
10. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.
11. You may know that a pen friend, or pen pal, is someone you write letters to.
12. Best friends are friends with whom you spend a lot of time and with whom you share all your thoughts and feelings.
13. Sarah and Janet have been friends ever since they started school.
14. Is it possible to be best friends even if you are thousands of miles apart.
15. Despite the fact that they have never met each other, Michel and Xiao Li are best friends.
16. He realizes that he hasn’t been a good friend because he has always been thinking about himself. (P3.4)
17. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends. (P3.1)
六、部分知识点讲解
1. crash 1) vt&vi, (使)猛撞，（使）坠毁
Last night he was so drunk that he crashed his car into the iron railings.
A plane crashed near the South Pacific , killing 24 passengers on board.
2) n. (汽车)撞车事故， （飞机）失事
We survived although others died in the air crash.在那次飞机坠毁事故中，别人都遇难了，惟独我们死里逃生
2．desert 1）v. 遗弃，抛弃，离弃
He is so selfish that all his friends have deserted him. 他非常自私，所有的朋友都抛弃了他。
Many people hurriedly deserted the city before the war broke out. 很多人…逃离了那座城市
2） eserted adj. 无人的，被抛弃的，被遗弃的
deserted island 荒岛， deserted street 空无一人的街道
3.survive v. 1) （经历事故，战争，疾病后）活下来，幸存于，幸免于
Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived.
I’m afraid that the refugees may not survive the winter.
2) 经历（困难，危险后）仍然存在，保存下来
A few pages of the original manuscript still survive.
4. argue v. 辩论，议论，主张，认为 ---argument n 争论，辩论；证据、论点、理由
I argued about the new policy with him. (argue about sth. with sb. )
She argued that our efforts would be a waster of time. ( argue that…)
He argued for / against the five-day week. ( argue for/ against…)
I argued her into buying a new car . (argue sb. into…)
5. share , develop, （见导与练）
6. 巧记lie, lay
躺 lie, lay , lain, lie in bed again.
撒谎 lie, lied, lied; don’t be a liar.
下蛋 lay, laid, laid, a hen laid an egg.
放置 lay, laid, laid, a boy picked it up and laid it in the bag.
7．
七、、书面表达
亲爱的姑姑：你好！我在学校有很多朋友。我们彼此相处得都很好。但是有一天，我的一个朋友丢了一百块钱。他认为是我拿了他的钱，而且他还把这件事情告诉了其他朋友，于是他们对我不再像过去那样友好了。我现在对此感到很苦恼。我需要你的帮助。你能给我建议吗？ 侄儿：高飞 9月2日
Unit 2 English around the world
一. 旧大纲生词:
bathroom , pronounce, broad , repeat, majority, native, equal, government, situation, international, trade, global, service, movement, tidy, fall, expression, publish, southern, president, European, cookbook, compare.
二. 新大纲生词:
towel, total, tongue, organization, tourism, communicate, communication, exchange, signal, commander, stand, independent, typhoon, statement, howl, replace.
三. 人名,地名,非大纲生词:
Nancy, landlady, Karen, Thompson, Dave, ketchup, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, Nigeria, the Philippines, peg, tornado, Spanish, Noah Webster, Florida.
四. 短语:
1. for the first time 第一次2. all the way adv. 从远道, 自始至终, 一路上3. make oneself at home =be/feel at home不要拘束4. on one’s way back 在回去的路上5. the majority of people =most of the people 6. in total =in all =altogether 总共7. such as 例如..., 象这种的8. the number of… ……的数量9. except for 除...以外10. communicate with sb. 与……交流/沟通11. communicate sth to sb. 把……传达给……12. have a good knowledge of…好好掌握……13. come about发生, (风，船)改变方向14. know about 知道..., 了解..., 听说过...15．an answer to this question 这个问题的答案16．at first 起先 17．stay the same 保持不变18．in the same way adv. 同样地19．at the same time 同时，一齐；可是，然而20．borrow…from…向……借某物21．end up with…以……告终22．more or less 或多或少，差不多，几乎23．have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 24．bring in生产, 挣得, 介绍引进25．a great many 许多26．pass away 去世27．chat online 网上聊天28．stay in touch 保持联系29．one day (过去)有一天，（将来）总有一天30． shut up 闭嘴31．mother tongue =mother/native language32. make/issue a statement发表声明33 state one’s view陈述某人观点
五. 句式:
1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom?
2. Oh, there you are.. Now then, did you have a good flight?
3. Did you sleep at all on the plane?
4. Is there anything that isn’t clear to you?
5. English is a language spoken all around the world.
6. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
7. The number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.
8. In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language. ( P 6 . 4 )
9. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese.
10. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. ( P . 7 . 2 )
11. How did these differences come about? ( P . 7 . 5
12. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
13. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the spelling of many words.
14. That’s why the words colour, centre and traveler are spelt color, center and traveler in American English.
15. Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
16. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. ( P. 7 . 1 )
17. One of the reasons is that people traveled to America from all the European countries and from other parts of the world, too.
六. 书面表达:
Write a letter in the name of Wang Ning to Mr Smith , who works for the newspaper 21st Century. Your problem is explained in Chinese below. Please pay attention to the letter format and write at least 100 words. The beginning has been done for you.
假设你叫王宁,是甘肃省的一名普通高中生.你很喜欢学习英语,但是你对英式英语和美式英语的区别不是特别清楚.有些同学说你说美式英语,但又有些人认为你说的是英式英语.你很想知道自己说的是哪种英语以及这两者究竟有什么不同.写一封信给史密斯先生,请他回信解释这两者的主要区别.
Dear Mr Smith,
My name is Wang Ning. I am a high school student in Gansu province…
七.翻译并完成句子:
1. Thomas Jefferson said in 1786 that he hoped the US would become a country where the law______________________________________________(是大多数人而不是个别人的意愿). (majority, will)
2. It is reported that________________旅游业已经成为世界上最大和增长最快的产业之一). (tourism, industry)
3. They were trapped in the mountains.______________________________________________(与外界交流的唯一方法是打手机). (communicate).
4. ____________________________________________________________(在这个国际交流项目的帮助下), Emma is able to come to China to study the Chinese language. (international, exchange)
5. Mr Wang, ___________________________________________(他是地道的北京人), has become a successful businessman in New York. (native)
6. The computer industry is developing fast. Do you think _________________________________________(有一天电脑会代替人脑吗)?(replace, brain)
7. It is important that __________________________________________(男女平等). (equal)
8. America used to be a colony(殖民地) of Great Britain.______________(它于1776年获得独立).(independent)
9. If you choose your words carefully when you are writing, ____________(你就能写出好句子). (end up with)
10. Nancy told Joe to ______________________________________(不要拘束,就像在自己家一样).(make oneself at home)
Unit 3 Going Places
一、大纲生词：consider, board, experience, simple, simply, vacation, nature, basic, equipment, tip, protect, normal, excitement, similar, similarity, particular, separate, task.
二、增大纲生词：means, transportation, destination, poison, poisonous, paddle, stream, adventurous, handle, combine, responsibly.
三、非大纲生词：raft, backpack, spider, cellphone, eco-travel, unpack
四、短语：
1. by boat/train/air/plane/horse/car/spaceship2. make a dialogue 编个对话3. would like (sb) to do sth.4. in the year 20875. try to do sth. 设法做某事6. try doing sth. 试着做某事7. basic tips 基本技巧8. watch out =be careful=take care=look out 当心9. watch out for…戒备，提防，密切注视10. protect…from/ against 保护…不受（伤害）11. experience life/nature/fun/excitement12. fallen trees 13. whitewater rafting 急流漂14. be careful (not) to do sth.小心（不）做某事15. as with =as it’s the same with正如…一样16. think about 考虑17. get in and out of the raft 上下木筏18. life jacket 救生衣19. in danger 处在危险中20. go on separate holidays 分别去度假21. in a few days’ time =in a few days 过几天22. be off 离开，取消23. see sb. off 给某人送行24. take a taxi 25. have a nice time 26. say “Hi” to sb. for me 代我向某人问好27. have a good trip 旅途愉快28. the same to you.29. in the past/ in the future30. combine…with 把…和……结合 31. for pleasure 作为消遣，为了取乐32. be bad for the environment 对环境有害33. cause problems 招来问题34. on the other hand 在另一方面35. a way to travel responsibly 负责任的旅行方式36. learn about the world 了解世界37. as well as 38. make money 赚钱39. take care of 照顾40. go hiking/skiing 41. on Friday 42. make notes 做笔记43. have a picnic 44. open up 打（展）开，开办，开发（辟），揭开45. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见46. next to 紧挨着47. take off 脱下，除掉（某物），起飞，成功，休假48. be dressed in 穿着…49. fill…with…50. catch up with 跟上，赶上51. reach out 伸出手52. learn from sb. 向某人学习53. be similar to 与……相似54. come up with…55. means of transportation 运输工具56. get away from 逃离，回避57. in time 及时，终于/ on time 准时58. get close to 靠近59. come up with…提出, 提出60. by this means=in this way=in this manner=with this method
五、句式
1. I want to see what China will be like in the future.
2. What do you think adventure travel is?
3. Yet there are other reasons why people travel.
4. Hiking is a great way to travel.
5. Hiking is easy to do and doesn’t have to be very expensive.
6. The name “white water” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white whe it moves quickly.
7. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim and you should always wear a life jacket.
8. Is anybody seeing you off?
9. My plane leaves at seven.
10. Eco-tourists want to learn about the world so that they can make it better, or at least understand it better.
11. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.
六、补充注释
1．experience (1)vt. 体验，体会 to experience joy/difficulties/defeat/nature/life/excitement
(2) n. 作“经验”解为不可数名词 a teacher with twenty years of experience
(3) n. 作“经历”解为可数名词 Our journey was quite an experience.
(4) experienced 形容词 “有经验的”
2． get away from: to escape 逃离，回避
I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away from it. 刚才我在开会，走不开
You can’t get away from the fact. 你不可能回避这个事实
3．exercise (1) 作“锻炼”解为不可数名词。Morning is the right time to take some exercise.
(2)作“练习”解为可数名词。We have so many exercises to do every day.
4． protect…from…保护…不受…（伤害）/ prevent…from…阻止…做某事
We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun.
We wear sunglasses to prevent the sun form hurting our eyes.
5. as with=as it’s the same with..正如……一样
As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job. 正如画画一样，在做这件事时，你应该耐心细致。
6． do sth by doing sth else.通过做一件事的方式来达到做另一件事的目的。（by =in the way of ）
He made everybody happy by telling a joke. 他讲了个笑话，把大家都逗乐了。
You may tell him the result by writing to him .你可以通过写信把结果告诉他。
7． as well as
(1) 表示同级比较。意思是“和……一样好”He can speak English as well as an English native speaker.
(2) 作连词，意思是“除……以外，还……，和……一样也……”通常连接两个对等的并列成分。
He has money as well as fame.他不但有名而且有钱。
He is lovely as well as healthy .=He s not only healthy but also lovely.
(3) A as well as B 结构的名词词组作主语时，谓语动词与A保持一致。
The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday. 除了学生外，老师也希望放假。
(4) as well as 后接动词时，多用动名词。The organization encourages members to meet regularly, as well as providing them with financial supports. 该组织鼓励成员经常聚会，还为他们提供经济上的支持。
Unit Four Unforgettable Experiences
一、旧大纲生词：king, final/ finally, advance, upon, seize, fight, flow, shake, stair, strike, destroy, tower, fright/frighten/frightening/frightened, national, fear, article, touch, note
二、新增大纲生词：forgettable/ unforgettable, host, scare/scared, disaster, rescue, swallow, drag, struggle, boom, deadline, opportunity, Buddha, agent, temple, naughty, peanut.
三、人名、地名、非大纲生词：seismograph, Howard Carter, King Tut, Hank Stram, , Flora, roar, crack, Kevin, couch, workaholic
四、短语
1.an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历2． take place 发生、举行take one’s place 就座，代替，名副其实take the place of 代替3. host the Olympic Games 主办2008奥运会4. be/get caught in 突然遭遇（风暴，雨，交通堵塞）5. for fun 闹着玩地，为了好玩6. worry about =be worried about 担心 7． on holiday/on vacation 在度假8. on fire 着火9. on the second floor 在二楼10. come on [口语]快点，加油，高兴点，得了吧11.natural disaster 自然灾害12. look at 看look forward to…盼望，期待look through 仔细查看，浏览look on/upon…as…把……看作look out 担心，留神，往外看（+of）look after 照顾，照管look for 寻找look up 向上看（vi）,查寻（vt）look around=look round=look about 环顾look down upon/on 歧视，瞧不起look like +名/代/doing 看上去像……look as if+句子 看上去似乎……look into 往里看，调查look up to 尊敬，尊重look back 回顾，追溯13. wave one’s arms 挥动双臂14. be upon (sb) 逼近，临近15. sweep down 掀翻 16. go down under water 沉到水里17. pull sb up 把……往上曳18. hold on hold on to…抓住不放，紧握住19. the next moment 接着，接下来，随后with a look of fright 带着惊吓的表情20. wave one’s arms 挥动双臂21. be upon (sb) 逼近，临近22. sweep down 掀翻23. go down under water 沉到水里24. pull sb up 把……往上曳25. hold on 坚持，继续，（电话用语）不挂上hold on to…抓住不放，紧握住26. the next moment 接着，接下来，随后27. with a look of fright 带着惊吓的表情28. get on one’s feet 站立起来29. fall down 倒下，倒塌，跌倒，降落30. tree after tree 一棵棵树31. seize the opportunity 把握机会32. a two-day trip 33. cut downcut offcut upcut awaycut through34. shake with fever吓得发抖35. a travel agent 36. the next day37. take a photo of…38. fight for/fight against/fight with39. pull at one’s coat 不断拉扯某人的外套
五、句式
1. It’s clear to me that…
2. Just try and you’ll see you can do it.
3. Before she could think twice, the water was upon her.
Before she could move, she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down the trees, and sweeping them down, too.
4. First,… Next,…, Then,… Finally,…
5. Titanic was the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.
6. It didn’t take long before the wooden building was swallowed by the fire.
六、部分知识点讲解：
1．sweep 的多种意思
sweep the house clean 把房子打扫干净 A storm swept over the country 暴风雨席卷了整个国家
The old man’s eyes swept the distance 那位老人双眼扫视远方
A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。
2．advance v.前进，进展，推进，促进 n.前进，进步
They advanced twenty miles. 他们前进了二十英里
A month has passed and the work has not advanced. 一个月过去了，工作毫无进展
His work advanced the science of biology. 他的工作促进的生物科学
He made a great advance in his studies. 他的学习大有进步。
advanced education 高等教育， in advance 提前
3．seize vt. ( 突然)抓住，抢走，抓住（机会），理解
In frights, she seized his arm. 惊恐中，她突然抓住了他的胳膊。
I can’t quite seize your meaning. 我不太明白你的意思。
4．cut down, cut off, cut away, cut up
n cut off 可表示从某一物体的一端切去或剪去一部分，还可表示“切断电路、电源线路；断绝某种东西的供应”等意义。The slave owner cut off the slave’s foot to stop him from running away.
The line was cut off while I was talking on the telephone.线路被切断了
n cut away 表示“切掉，剪掉，砍掉”某物上固有的一部分，有时off代替away，意思不变
n cut down 表示“砍倒，砍伐”其后常接树木、森林等名词，相当于cause to fall by cutting
The woodcutter cut down a big tree; then he cut off/away the side branches of the tree.
n cut up 表示“齐根砍掉”也表示“砍碎，剁碎，切碎”相当于cut into pieces
Mother cut up some vegetable roots and leaves to feed the chicken 把菜根和叶子剁碎喂鸡
n cut out 表示“裁剪，砍出”She cut the dress out of some old material.
n cut through 表示“开辟（出路或通道）Our boat cut through the waves.我们的船破浪前进。
5．fall off, fall over, fall down
n fall down 不及物动词，表示“（人）跌倒，摔倒或（房屋、建筑，树等）倒下，倒塌，下落
The old lady fell down in the street and broke her arm
n fall off 可作及物动词，表示“从……上落下，掉下，摔下”，有时也可作不及物动词，表示“落下，掉下，脱落；或者“减少，越来越少”
The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall, but that was all.房子动了动，几幅画从墙上掉了下来，就这些。
His supporters were falling off. 支持她的人越来越少。
n fall over 及物或不及物，意思是“因匆忙或动作不便）跌跤，摔跟斗，绊倒”
He struggled in the snowstorm and didn’t know how many times he had fallen over.
The little boy often falls over when he learns to walk.
6.与feet相关的短语：get on one’s feet 站住脚，站起来；struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来；rise to one’s feet 站起，起身；jump to one’s feet 跳起来；take to one’s feet 走开；bring sb to one’s feet
Unit 5 The Silver Screen
一.旧大纲生词:
hero, scene, law , role, actor / actress, , prize, choice, degree, director, speed, cruel / cruelty, peace, industry, owe, happiness, accept, ice/ icy, determine, live, boss,
二.新大纲生词:
silver, career, drama, award , script, studio academy, follow-up, cruelty,. Creature, outer, adult, primary, leader, comment, action., biography, dinosaurs
三.人名,地名,非大纲生词:
Bicentennial Man, Jurassic Park, Mulan , Malcolm Langland , Maryl Streep, Julia, Oscar, Kramer vs Kramer, Sophie, Sophie’s Choice, Keanu Reeves, Lebanon, Hollywood, stepfather, Speed, The Matrix, Hardball, Steven Spielberg, Jaws, blockbuster, ET, Elliott, Schindler’s List, Saving Private Ryan, Cate Capshaw, Vincent van Gogh.
四.短语:
1. make comments on…对……作出评论2. give opinions 提出意见3. silver screen 银幕， 电影（业）4. play a role/ part in…在…扮演一个角色，在……起作用play the role/part of…扮演……的角色5．speed up 加速 with (great) speed 快速地 at full/ top speed 全速地 at a speed of…以……速度6．in the 1980s =in the 1980’s 二十世纪八十年代7．in the beginning =at first 开始时， 起初8．work as…充当，担任9．make a film 拍电影10．get married (to)…和……结婚11． since then 自从那个时候12．get to know 逐渐认识，开始知道13． work on 从事14． by the sea 在海边15． go wrong 出毛病，出差错，变坏16．meat-eating dinosaurs 食肉恐龙17．win over 争取过来，拉过来，战胜18．in the film industry 在电影业19． owe sth. to sb. =own sb. sth. 欠/负……某人债务， 归功于owing to =because of 因为，由于42．make a choice 做出选择 20．in all 总共21．be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事be afraid of sth. 害怕……be afraid of doing sth. 担心做某事I’m afraid that…恐怕……22．in the end =finally = at last 23. primary school 小学24．stay away 不在家，外出25． in class 在课堂上26．lock sb. up将某人锁于某处不得进出;将某人监禁起来27. run after 追赶，追寻，追捕28. cause trouble 惹麻烦29. go to town 去城里30. can afford to do sth. 买得起…31. get off the bus 下车32. on the air正在播出的33. a 13-year-old girl 一个十三岁的女孩34. not…any more =not…any longer 35. determine to do sth.=be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事36. at a high price 以高价37. think highly of 高度赞扬38. be well received 受到欢迎39．take off 成功;成名;脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞40．no choice but 别无选择41． encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
六.句式:
1. What do you think happens before this scene? (P42.1)
2. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. (P42.2)
3. Mery1 Streep made her first film, called Julia in 1977.
4. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. (P43.4)
5. This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off.
6. It is about a big white shark that attacks swimmers who are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea.
7. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
8. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. (P43.2)
9. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married.
10. The village leader, Mr Tian, asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr Gao’s place until he comes back. (P43.3)
11. She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up in the classroom and running after those who escape. (P43.2)
12. When she hears that Huike has gone to town, she becomes very worried and determines to bring Huike back safely. (P42.4)
13. She wants them to let her appear live on the air, hoping that Huike will see her.
14. Many people like this film not just because the story itself is moving , but also because most of the people in the film use their real names and play themselves. (P43.1)
五.补充注释:
1.take (1)代替,取代 take sb’s place 或take the place of sb/sth = replace , substitute for ,(do) …instead of, (do)…in place of .
eg. Mr tian asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr Gao’s place until he comes back. 田村长请魏敏芝给高老师代课一直到高老师回来.
但是比较下列两个词组的不同:
1) take one’s place 如座,站好位置,取得地位
2) take place 发生
4. live (1)实况直播
eg. She wants them to let her appear live on the air, hoping that Huike will see her. 她请求他们训育她直接在电视台露面,希望慧科能看到她.
The football game was broadcast live. 那次足球比赛是现场直播的.
The Oscar ceremony is the biggest, most extravagant live event on television. 奥斯卡颁奖典礼是最大最铺张的电视实况转播.
(2)on the air 广播,
eg. We will be on the air in five minutes. 我们五分钟以后开始广播.
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day. 这个电视节目每天在同一时间播出.
篇2：高中英语高考第一轮复习节选
I.知识与方法概要
●知识梳理
1．重点单词
1. honest adj.诚实的；正直的`
2. classical adj.古典的，古典文学的
3. mirror n.镜子
4.
>>篇3：高考第一轮复习--动量
高考第一轮复习--动量
第四章 动量
一.动量和冲量
1.动量
按定义，物体的质量和速度的乘积叫做动量：p=mv
⑴动量是描述物体运动状态的一个状态量，它与时刻相对应。
⑵动量是矢量，它的方向和速度的方向相同。
2.冲量
按定义，力和力的作用时间的乘积叫做冲量：I=Ft
⑴冲量是描述力的时间积累效应的物理量，是过程量，它与时间相对应。
⑵冲量是矢量，它的方向由力的方向决定（不能说和力的方向相同）。如果力的方向在作用时间内保持不变，那么冲量的方向就和力的方向相同。
⑶高中阶段只要求会用I=Ft计算恒力的冲量。对于变力的冲量，高中阶段只能利用动量定理通过物体的动量变化来求。
⑷要注意的是：冲量和功不同。恒力在一段时间内可能不作功，但一定有冲量。
m
H例1. 质量为m的小球由高为H的光滑斜面顶端无初速滑到底端过程中，重力、弹力、合力的冲量各是多大？解：力的作用时间都是 ，力的大小依次是mg、
mgcosα和mgsinα，所以它们的冲量依次是：
特别要注意，该过程中弹力虽然不做功，但对物体有冲量。
二、动量定理
1.动量定理
物体所受合外力的冲量等于物体的动量变化。既I=Δp
⑴动量定理表明冲量是使物体动量发生变化的原因，冲量是物体动量变化的量度。这里所说的冲量必须是物体所受的合外力的冲量（或者说是物体所受各外力冲量的矢量和）。
⑵动量定理给出了冲量（过程量）和动量变化（状态量）间的互求关系。
⑶现代物理学把力定义为物体动量的变化率： （牛顿第二定律的动量形式）。
⑷动量定理的表达式是矢量式。在一维的情况下，各个矢量必须以同一个规定的方向为正。
例2. 以初速度v0平抛出一个质量为m的物体，抛出后t秒内物体的动量变化是多少？
解：因为合外力就是重力，所以Δp=Ft=mgt
有了动量定理，不论是求合力的冲量还是求物体动量的变化，都有了两种可供选择的等价的方法。本题用冲量求解，比先求末动量，再求初、末动量的矢量差要方便得多。当合外力为恒力时往往用Ft来求较为简单；当合外力为变力时，在高中阶段只能用Δp来求。
2.利用动量定理定性地解释一些现象
例3. 鸡蛋从同一高度自由下落，第一次落在地板上，鸡蛋被打破；第二次落在泡沫塑料垫上，没有被打破。这是为什么？
解：两次碰地（或碰塑料垫）瞬间鸡蛋的初速度相同，而末速度都是零也相同，所以两次碰撞过程鸡蛋的动量变化相同。根据Ft=Δp，第一次与地板作用时的接触时间短，作用力大，所以鸡蛋被打破；第二次与泡沫塑料垫作用的接触时间长，作用力小，所以鸡蛋没有被打破。（再说得准确一点应该指出：鸡蛋被打破是因为受到的压强大。鸡蛋和地板相互作用时的接触面积小而作用力大，所以压强大，鸡蛋被打破；鸡蛋和泡沫塑料垫相互作用时的接触面积大而作用力小，所以压强小，鸡蛋未被打破。）
F
例4. 某同学要把压在木块下的纸抽出来。第一次他将纸迅速抽出，木块几乎不动；第二次他将纸较慢地抽出，木块反而被拉动了。这是为什么？解：物体动量的改变不是取决于合力的大小，而是取决于合力
冲量的大小。在水平方向上，第一次木块受到的是滑动摩擦力，一般来说大于第二次受到的静摩擦力；但第一次力的作用时间极短，摩擦力的冲量小，因此木块没有明显的动量变化，几乎不动。第二次摩擦力虽然较小，但它的作用时间长，摩擦力的冲量反而大，因此木块会有明显的动量变化。
3.利用动量定理进行定量计算
利用动量定理解题，必须按照以下几个步骤进行：
⑴明确研究对象和研究过程。研究对象可以是一个物体，也可以是几个物体组成的质点组。质点组内各物体可以是保持相对静止的，也可以是相对运动的。研究过程既可以是全过程，也可以是全过程中的某一阶段。
⑵进行受力分析。只分析研究对象以外的物体施给研究对象的力。所有外力之和为合外力。研究对象内部的相互作用力（内力）会改变系统内某一物体的动量，但不影响系统的总动量，因此不必分析内力。如果在所选定的研究过程中的不同阶段中物体的受力情况不同，就要分别计算它们的冲量，然后求它们的矢量和。
⑶规定正方向。由于力、冲量、速度、动量都是矢量，在一维的情况下，列式前要先规定一个正方向，和这个方向一致的矢量为正，反之为负。
⑷写出研究对象的初、末动量和合外力的冲量（或各外力在各个阶段的冲量的矢量和）。
⑸根据动量定理列式求解。
ABC例5. 质量为m的小球，从沙坑上方自由下落，经过时间t1到达沙坑表面，又经过时间t2停在沙坑里。求：⑴沙对小球的平均阻力F；⑵小球在沙坑里下落过程所受的总冲量I。解：设刚开始下落的位置为A，刚好接触沙的位置为B，在沙中到达的最低点为C。⑴在下落的全过程对小球用动量定理：重力作用时间为t1+t2，而阻力作用时间仅为t2，以竖直向下为正方向，有：
mg(t1+t2)-Ft2=0, 解得：
⑵仍然在下落的全过程对小球用动量定理：在t1时间内只有重力的冲量，在t2时间内只有总冲量（已包括重力冲量在内），以竖直向下为正方向，有：
mgt1-I=0,∴I=mgt1
这种题本身并不难，也不复杂，但一定要认真审题。要根据题意所要求的冲量将各个外力灵活组合。若本题目给出小球自由下落的高度，可先把高度转换成时间后再用动量定理。当t1>>t2时，F>>mg。
m M
v0
v/
例6. 质量为M的汽车带着质量为m的拖车在平直公路上以加速度a匀加速前进，当速度为v0时拖车突然与汽车脱钩，到拖车停下瞬间司机才发现。若汽车的牵引力一直未变，车与路面的动摩擦因数为μ，那么拖车刚停下时，汽车的瞬时速度是多大？解：以汽车和拖车系统为研究对象，全过程系统受的合外力始终为 ，该过程经历时间为v0/μg，末状态拖车的动量为零。全过程对系统用动量定理可得：
这种方法只能用在拖车停下之前。因为拖车停下后，系统受的合外力中少了拖车受到的摩擦力，因此合外力大小不再是 。
例7. 质量为m=1kg的小球由高h1=0.45m处自由下落，落到水平地面后，反跳的最大高度为h2=0.2m，从小球下落到反跳到最高点经历的时间为Δt=0.6s，取g=10m/s2。求：小球撞击地面过程中，球对地面的平均压力的大小F。
解：以小球为研究对象，从开始下落到反跳到最高点的全过程动量变化为零，根据下降、上升高度可知其中下落、上升分别用时t1=0.3s和t2=0.2s，因此与地面作用的时间必为t3=0.1s。由动量定理得：mgΔt-Ft3=0 ，F=60N
三、动量守恒定律
1.动量守恒定律
一个系统不受外力或者受外力之和为零，这个系统的总动量保持不变。
即：
2.动量守恒定律成立的条件
⑴系统不受外力或者所受外力之和为零；
⑵系统受外力，但外力远小于内力，可以忽略不计；
⑶系统在某一个方向上所受的合外力为零，则该方向上动量守恒。
⑷全过程的某一阶段系统受的合外力为零，则该阶段系统动量守恒。
3.动量守恒定律的表达形式
除了 ，即p1+p2=p1/+p2/外，还有：
Δp1+Δp2=0，Δp1= -Δp2 和
4.动量守恒定律的重要意义
从现代物理学的.理论高度来认识，动量守恒定律是物理学中最基本的普适原理之一。（另一个最基本的普适原理就是能量守恒定律。）从科学实践的角度来看，迄今为止，人们尚未发现动量守恒定律有任何例外。相反，每当在实验中观察到似乎是违反动量守恒定律的现象时，物理学家们就会提出新的假设来补救，最后总是以有新的发现而胜利告终。例如静止的原子核发生β衰变放出电子时，按动量守恒，反冲核应该沿电子的反方向运动。但云室照片显示，两者径迹不在一条直线上。为解释这一反常现象，1930年泡利提出了中微子假说。由于中微子既不带电又几乎无质量，在实验中极难测量，直到1956年人们才首次证明了中微子的存在。（高考综合题23 ②就是根据这一历史事实设计的）。又如人们发现，两个运动着的带电粒子在电磁相互作用下动量似乎也是不守恒的。这时物理学家把动量的概念推广到了电磁场，把电磁场的动量也考虑进去，总动量就又守恒了。
四、动量守恒定律的应用
1.碰撞
A A B A B A Bv1
v
v1/
v2/
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
两个物体在极短时间内发生相互作用，这种情况称为碰撞。由于作用时间极短，一般都满足内力远大于外力，所以可以认为系统的动量守恒。碰撞又分弹性碰撞、非弹性碰撞、完全非弹性碰撞三种。仔细分析一下碰撞的全过程：设光滑水平面上，质量为m1的物体A以速度v1向质量为m2的静止物体B运动，B的左端连有轻弹簧。在Ⅰ位置A、B刚好接触，弹簧开始被压缩，A开始减速，B开始加速；到Ⅱ位置A、B速度刚好相等（设为v），弹簧被压缩到最短；再往后A、B开始远离，弹簧开始恢复原长，到Ⅲ位置弹簧刚好为原长，A、B分开，这时A、B的速度分别为 。全过程系统动量一定是守恒的；而机械能是否守恒就要看弹簧的弹性如何了。
⑴弹簧是完全弹性的。Ⅰ→Ⅱ系统动能减少全部转化为弹性势能，Ⅱ状态系统动能最小而弹性势能最大；Ⅱ→Ⅲ弹性势能减少全部转化为动能；因此Ⅰ、Ⅲ状态系统动能相等。这种碰撞叫做弹性碰撞。由动量守恒和能量守恒可以证明A、B的最终速度分别为： 。（这个结论最好背下来，以后经常要用到。）
⑵弹簧不是完全弹性的。Ⅰ→Ⅱ系统动能减少，一部分转化为弹性势能，一部分转化为内能，Ⅱ状态系统动能仍和⑴相同，弹性势能仍最大，但比⑴小；Ⅱ→Ⅲ弹性势能减少，部分转化为动能，部分转化为内能；因为全过程系统动能有损失（一部分动能转化为内能）。这种碰撞叫非弹性碰撞。
v1
⑶弹簧完全没有弹性。Ⅰ→Ⅱ系统动能减少全部转化为内能，Ⅱ状态系统动能仍和⑴相同，但没有弹性势能；由于没有弹性，A、B不再分开，而是共同运动，不再有Ⅱ→Ⅲ过程。这种碰撞叫完全非弹性碰撞。可以证明，A、B最终的共同速度为 。在完全非弹性碰撞过程中，系统的动能损失最大，为：。（这个结论最好背下来，以后经常要用到。）
例8. 质量为M的楔形物块上有圆弧轨道，静止在水平面上。质量为m
的小球以速度v1向物块运动。不计一切摩擦，圆弧小于90°且足够长。
求小球能上升到的最大高度H和物块的最终速度v。
解：系统水平方向动量守恒，全过程机械能也守恒。
在小球上升过程中，由水平方向系统动量守恒得：
由系统机械能守恒得： 解得
全过程系统水平动量守恒，机械能守恒，得
本题和上面分析的弹性碰撞基本相同，唯一的不同点仅在于重力势能代替了弹性势能。
例9. 动量分别为5kgm/s和6kgm/s的小球A、B沿光滑平面上的同一条直线同向运动，A追上B并发生碰撞后。若已知碰撞后A的动量减小了2kgm/s，而方向不变，那么A、B质量之比的可能范围是什么？
解：A能追上B，说明碰前vA>vB,∴ ；碰后A的速度不大于B的速度， ；又因为碰撞过程系统动能不会增加， ，由以上不等式组解得：
此类碰撞问题要考虑三个因素：①碰撞中系统动量守恒；②碰撞过程中系统动能不增加；③碰前、碰后两个物体的位置关系（不穿越）和速度大小应保证其顺序合理。
2.子弹打木块类问题
子弹打木块实际上是一种完全非弹性碰撞。作为一个典型，它的特点是：子弹以水平速度射向原来静止的木块，并留在木块中跟木块共同运动。下面从动量、能量和牛顿运动定律等多个角度来分析这一过程。
s2 d
s1
v0
v
例10. 设质量为m的子弹以初速度v0射向静止在光滑水平面上的质量为M的木块，并留在木块中不再射出，子弹钻入木块深度为d。求木块对子弹的平均阻力的大小和该过程中木块前进的距离。解：子弹和木块最后共同运动，相当于完全非弹性碰撞。
从动量的角度看，子弹射入木块过程中系统动量守恒：
从能量的角度看，该过程系统损失的动能全部转化为系统的内能。设平均阻力大小为f，设子弹、木块的位移大小分别为s1、s2，如图所示，显然有s1-s2=d
对子弹用动能定理： ……①
对木块用动能定理： ……②
①、②相减得： ……③
这个式子的物理意义是：fd恰好等于系统动能的损失；根据能量守恒定律，系统动能的损失应该等于系统内能的增加；可见 ，即两物体由于相对运动而摩擦产生的热（机械能转化为内能），等于摩擦力大小与两物体相对滑动的路程的乘积（由于摩擦力是耗散力，摩擦生热跟路径有关，所以这里应该用路程，而不是用位移）。
由上式不难求得平均阻力的大小：
至于木块前进的距离s2，可以由以上②、③相比得出：
从牛顿运动定律和运动学公式出发，也可以得出同样的结论。由于子弹和木块都在恒力作用下做匀变速运动，位移与平均速度成正比：
一般情况下 ，所以s2<
当子弹速度很大时，可能射穿木块，这时末状态子弹和木块的速度大小不再相等，但穿透过程中系统动量仍然守恒，系统动能损失仍然是ΔEK= fd（这里的d为木块的厚度），但由于末状态子弹和木块速度不相等，所以不能再用④式计算ΔEK的大小。
做这类题目时一定要画好示意图，把各种数量关系和速度符号标在图上，以免列方程时带错数据。
3.反冲问题
在某些情况下，原来系统内物体具有相同的速度，发生相互作用后各部分的末速度不再相同而分开。这类问题相互作用过程中系统的动能增大，有其它能向动能转化。可以把这类问题统称为反冲。
l2 l1
例11. 质量为m的人站在质量为M，长为L的静止小船的右端，小船的左端靠在岸边。当他向左走到船的左端时，船左端离岸多远？解：先画出示意图。人、船系统动量守恒，总动量始终为零，所以人、船动量大小始终相等。从图中可以看出，人、船的位移大小之和等于L。设人、船位移大小分别为l1、l2，则：mv1=Mv2，两边同乘时间t，ml1=Ml2，而l1+l2=L，∴
应该注意到：此结论与人在船上行走的速度大小无关。不论是匀速行走还是变速行走，甚至往返行走，只要人最终到达船的左端，那么结论都是相同的。
做这类题目，首先要画好示意图，要特别注意两个物体相对于地面的移动方向和两个物体位移大小之间的关系。
以上所列举的人、船模型的前提是系统初动量为零。如果发生相互作用前系统就具有一定的动量，那就不能再用m1v1=m2v2这种形式列方程，而要利用(m1+m2)v0= m1v1+ m2v2列式。
例12. 总质量为M的火箭模型 从飞机上释放时的速度为v0，速度方向水平。火箭向后以相对于地面的速率u喷出质量为m的燃气后，火箭本身的速度变为多大？
解：火箭喷出燃气前后系统动量守恒。喷出燃气后火箭剩余质量变为M-m，以v0方向为正方向，
篇4：高考的第一轮复习
语文第一轮复习知识点总结
基础知识
①字音辨析题要落实三个内容：形近字的读音，多音字的读音，容易误读字的读音等。由于广东高考中所涉及的注音都是生活中常用的，因此备考中不必纠缠生僻字音。字形辨析题虽然考试卷中没有出现，但是在高考作文评分中却加大了 对错别字的扣分标准，规定每一个错别字就扣一分，所以平时也应注意规范用字。
②成语俗语的复习的立足点是要正确理解成语俗语的整体意义，不要望文生义，同时要注意语境的组合与搭配情况及感情色彩使用等。该知识点的复习无捷径可言，平时对成语俗语多加积累了，考试就容易过关。
③病句的复习一定要按照《考纲》上规定的六种类型来进行。根据近几年的高考试卷分析，可知有关病句常考到十三种题型，第一轮复习要求对六类病句十三种题型，有一个全面的清楚的认识，各记一两个例句。
古代诗文的复习
①文言文的复习———注重课本
文言文的考查，无论是实词、虚词、文句理解，还是语段翻译，各个知识点的考核无一不是源自课本，可见，文言文复习首先要复习好课本。
②诗歌鉴赏的复习
对于诗歌的鉴赏，同学们普遍感到难度较大。复习时一定要处理好三个问题：一是阅读古诗词，要先解决语言的转换问题，扫除解读赏析中的障碍，然后做其他的题目。因此，首轮复习时积累一定量的古诗词就显得尤为必要了。二是要全面了解高考试题的命制类型和出题设问的角度等，做到心中有数。三是要形成清晰的答题思路和答题模式。
现代文阅读复习
现代文阅读分为两种，一种是科技类，包括自然科学与社会科学;一种是文学作品，以小说、散文为主。科技文阅读，因为它的科学性、知识性和逻辑性比较突出，复习备考要训练整体把握材料的能力。同时，答题时要能很快找到相对应的阅读区间。
文学作品，虽然不同作品表现的思想内容、艺术效果不同，但其解读方法大同小异，这就要求我们了解一些常规的解读方法。例如，整体把握，以文解文;读懂题目要求，明确答题角度。
语言运用
扩展语句，压缩语段，选用、仿用、变换句式，这些都是近几年来受到高度重视并具有鲜明特色的题目。针对这些表达方面的能力点，在第一轮复习时，同学们应以高考题为线索，组织小专题训练，逐个进行复习。
以上就是小编整理的“高考语文第一轮复习知识点总结”的详细内容，希望能帮助同学们复习以前没有学会的语文知识点。
政治第一轮复习知识点总结
1、矛盾的含义和基本属性
(1)含义：矛盾是反映事物内部对立和统一的哲学范畴，简言之，矛盾就是对立统一。
【注意】联系的根本内容是矛盾，发展的根本动力是矛盾，矛盾观点是唯物辩证法的根本观点，矛盾规律即对立统一规律是唯物辩证法的实质与核心，矛盾分析法是我们认识世界和改造世界的根本方法。
(2)基本属性：斗争性和同一性是矛盾所固有的相反相成的两种基本属性。
①含义：
A.同一性是矛盾双方相互吸引、相互联结的属性和趋势。它有两方面的含义、一是矛盾双方相互依赖，一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提，双方共处于一个统一体中;二是矛盾双方相互贯通，即相互渗透、相互包含，在一定条件下相互转化。
B.斗争性是矛盾双方相互排斥、相互对立的属性，体现着对立双方相互分离的倾向和趋势。
②关系：
A.同一以差别和对立为前提，没有斗争性，就没有矛盾双方的相互依存和相互贯通，事物就不能存在和发展。
B.斗争性寓于同一性之中，并为同一性所制约，没有同一性，就没有矛盾统一体的存在，事物同样不能存在和发展。
③矛盾双方既对立又统一，由此推动事物的运动、变化和发展。
(3)方法论：坚持一分为二的分析方法。(两点论、两分法)。
2、矛盾的普遍性
(1)原理：矛盾存在于一切事物中，事事有矛盾;矛盾贯穿于每一事物发展过程的始终，时时有矛盾。承认矛盾的普遍性是坚持唯物辩证法的前提。
(2)方法论：
①要承认矛盾，分析矛盾，勇于揭露矛盾，寻找正确的方法解决矛盾。
②用一分为二的观点、全面的观点看问题，坚持两分法、两点论。反对一点论，反对片面看问题。
3、矛盾的特殊性
(1)原理：矛盾着的事物及其每一个侧面各有其特点。它主要有三种情形：
①不同事物有不同的矛盾。
②同一事物在发展的不同过程和不同阶段上有不同的矛盾。
③同一事物中的不同矛盾(有主要矛盾和次要矛盾之分)、同一矛盾的两个不同方面(有主要方面和次要方面之分)也各有其特殊性。
(2)方法论要求：要坚持具体问题具体分析。
数学第一轮复习知识点总结
一.【课标要求】
1.集合的含义与表示
(1)通过实例，了解集合的含义，体会元素与集合的“属于”关系;
(2)能选择自然语言、图形语言、集合语言(列举法或描述法)描述不同的具体问题，感受集合语言的意义和作用;
2.集合间的基本关系
(1)理解集合之间包含与相等的含义，能识别给定集合的子集;
(2)在具体情境中，了解全集与空集的含义;
3.集合的基本运算
(1(2)理解在给定集合中一个子集的补集的含义，会求给定子集的补集;
(3)能使用Venn二.【命题走向】
的直观性，注意运用Venn预测题的表达之中，相对独立。具体题型估计为：
(1)题型是1个选择题或1(2
三.【要点精讲】
1
(1a的元素，记作aA;若b不是集合A的元素，记作bA;
(2
确定性：设x是某一个具体对象，则或者是A的元素，或者不是A
指属于这个集合的互不相同的个体(对象)，因此，
无序性：集合中不同的元素之间没有地位差异，集合不同于元素的排列顺序无关;
(3)表示一个集合可用列举法、描述法或图示法;
列举法：把集合中的元素一一列举出来，写在大括号内;
描述法：把集合中的元素的公共属性描述出来，写在大括号{}内。
具体方法：在大括号内先写上表示这个集合元素的一般符号及取值(或变化)范围，再画一条竖线，在竖线后写出这个集合中元素所具有的共同特征。
注意：列举法与描述法各有优点，应该根据具体问题确定采用哪种表示法，要注意，一般集合中元素较多或有无限个元素时，不宜采用列举法。
(4)常用数集及其记法：
非负整数集(或自然数集)，记作N;
正整数集，记作N-或N+;整数集，记作Z;
有理数集，记作Q;
实数集，记作R。
2.集合的包含关系：
(1)集合A的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素，则称A是B的子集(或B包含A)，记作AB(或AB);
集合相等：构成两个集合的元素完全一样。若AB且BA，则称A等于B，记作A=B;若AB且A≠B，则称A是B的真子集，记作A B; (2)简单性质：1)AA;2)A;3)若AB，BC，则AC;4)若集合A是n个元素的集合，则集合A有2n个子集(其中2n-1个真子集);
3.全集与补集：
(1)包含了我们所要研究的各个集合的全部元素的集合称为全集，记作U;
(2)若S是一个集合，AS，则，CS={x|xS且xA}称SA的补集;
(3)简单性质：1)CS(CS)=A;2)CSS=，CS=S
4.交集与并集：
(1)一般地，由属于集合A且属于集合BA与B的交集。交集AB{x|xA且xB}。
(2)一般地，由所有属于集合AA与B的并集。并集AB{x|xA或xB}
的关键是“且”与“或”挖掘题设条件，结合Venn
5.集合的简单性质：
(1)AAA,BBA;
(2)ABBA;
(3)(AAB);
(4)ABABA;ABABB;
(5)CS(A∩B)=(CSA)∪(CSB)，CS(A∪B)=(CSA)∩(CSB)。
四.【典例解析】
题型1：集合的概念
(湖南卷理)某班共30人，其中15人喜爱篮球运动，10人喜爱兵乓球运动，8人对这两项运动都不喜爱，则喜爱篮球运动但不喜爱乒乓球运动的人数为_12__
答案 ：12
解析 设两者都喜欢的人数为x人，则只喜爱篮球的有(15x)人，只喜爱乒乓球的有
由此可得(15x)(10x)x830，解得x3，所以15x12，即 所(10x)人，
求人数为12人。 例1.(2009广东卷理)已知全集UR，集合M{x2x12}和
N{—2k1,k1,2,}的关系的韦恩(Venn)图如图1所示，则阴影部分所示的集合的元素共有
( )
A. 3个C. 1个答案解析 由
例2.的值 为 答案 D
解析 ∵D.
,
题型2：集合的性质
2例3.(2009山东卷理)集合A0,2,a,B1,a,若AB0,1,2,4,16,则a的值为
A.0 B.1 C.2 D.4
答案 D
2 ( ) a216解析 ∵A0,2,a,B1,a,AB0,1,2,4,16∴∴a4,故选D.
a4
【命题立意】:本题考查了集合的并集运算,并用观察法得到相对应的元素,从而求得答案
篇5：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 21-Unit 22
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 unfair customer *avoid suitcase manage fold *vary crazy part firm handshake bow fist bend tap gently anger useless occur *focus *specific amusement *souvenir attraction collection castle *minority cartoon *thrill educate *conservation coastal divide *section *shuttle butterfly injury rocket helicopter carve achievement *civilization prevent handbag *twist darkness imagination designer endless
词组 ahead of give sb.a hand get through tear down hold up make a face in order cut off tell the truth take turns stare at * a variety of
语法 v.-ing 作主语、宾语、表语和状语
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.manage
例句集锦
v.
（1）He is managing the business for his father.
他在代他父亲做生意。
The company was badly managed.
这家公司经营不善。
（2）He couldn’t manage his horse,and it threw him to the ground.
他驾驭不了他的马，马把他摔在地上了。
He managed to organize a live concert.
=He succeeded in organizing a live concert.
他设法组织了一次现场直播的音乐会。
It’s heavy,but I can manage（to carry it）.
这东西很沉，但我能设法搬走。
（3）I have to manage with 10 dollars till payday.
我得用10块钱支撑到发薪日。
Can you manage another cake?
你还能再吃个蛋糕吗？
用法归纳
*manage用作动词，主要义项有：经营；管理（同义词：operate）；操纵；对付；设法做成；设法维持。名词：management 经营；管理；处理操作 manager经理。
特别提示
注意比较：manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.设法做成某事；try to do sth.表示尽力做某事，但不知道最终的结果；try doing sth.试图做某事；attempt to do尽力做。
2.occur
例句集锦
vi.
（1）It is said that the accident occurred at midnight.
据说那次车祸是深夜发生的。
He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
他得出结论日光在不同季节长短不同，鸟体内由此出现不同的变化。
（2）短语occur to sb.的意思为come into sb’s mind 想起；想到
An idea has occurred to me.
我想到了一个主意。
也可以使用句型：It occurs to sb.that...
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
我想到我们应该更经常地到那里去。
（3）Three misprints occur on the first page.
第一页有三个地方印错。
用法归纳
*occur用作不及物动词，主要有以下义项：发生；（念头、想法等）想起；浮现；出现；存在。
特别提示
下列动词或短语都有“发生”的意思，并且都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态：happen,take place,break out,come about。
3.prevent
例句集锦
v.
（1）We should do our best to prevent accidents.
我们应该尽力防止事故发生。
（2）However,some psychologists warn that too much study can prevent a child from developing normally.
然而心理学家警告说学生负担太重会阻止孩子正常发育。
In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping.
同样的道理，大气层中的多种气体可以捕捉太阳产生的热量，并阻止它扩散。
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.
他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势的蔓延。
Her sudden arrival prevented him（from）going out.
她突然来到使他不能外出。
用法归纳
*prevent用作动词，表示“妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防”的意思。其常用结构有：prevent sth.和prevent sb.（from）doing sth.。
特别提示
下列动词的结构相同：prevent...from...;stop...from...;keep...from...。但是keep...from...中的from不能省略。短语keep...doing的意思为“使某人一直做”。在被动语态中，以上短语中的介词from都不能省略。
4.avoid
例句集锦
vi.
（1）Fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident.
我们幸而逃过了一场灾难。
The car turned to the left to avoid a collision.
那辆车子为避免冲撞而左转。
（2）I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.
我尽量避免遇见他，因为他总是使我厌烦。
用法归纳
*avoid用作及物动词，主要义项有：逃避；避免；回避。可以跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语。avoidable adj. 可避免的； avoidance n. 逃避；回避
特别提示
注意比较：fail to do sth.没有（没能）做成某事。e.g.Never fail to write to me.千万别忘了给我写信。miss doing 错过做……；躲过。e.g.I missed buying the May number of the magazine.我没买到五月份的杂志。escape doing 逃离（灾难）。e.g.He escaped being punished.他逃过了惩罚。
●重点短语
1.take turns
例句集锦
We take turns at cooking.我们轮流做饭。
Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother.
玛丽和海伦轮流熬夜陪伴她们生病的母亲。
We took turns at driving the car.
我们轮流开车。
相关归纳
（1）by turns 轮流=take turns at doing sth.
She went hot and cold by turns.
她一会冷一会热。
They laughed and cried by turns.
他们一会哭一会笑。
（2）It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It’s your turn to sing.
该轮到你唱歌了。
It’s my turn to drive next.
下回该轮到我开车了。
（3）in turn（s）轮流；依次；按顺序
They sang on the stage in turn.
他们轮流在舞台上唱歌。
（4）on the turn在转变
Their opinions are on the turn.
他们的看法开始转变。
（5）out of turn不按顺序；次序混乱
Please don’t speak out of turn.
请按顺序讲话。
（6）serve one’s turn适合自己的需要
I think this book will serve my turn.
我认为这本书会适合我的需要。
特别提示
注意以上短语中turn的单复数形式。
2.get through
例句集锦
（1）（=go through）The Bill didn’t go through.
这项议案未被通过。
Tom failed but his sister got through.
汤姆考试不及格但他妹妹及格了。
（2）A smile can help us get through difficult situations.
一个微笑可以使我们摆脱困境。
（3）I called all day yesterday,but I couldn’t get through（to you）.
昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没有办法打通（联络到你）。
（4）He has got through all his money.
他的钱都花光了。
相关归纳
（1）get across 过……的时候（不用被动语态）；与……沟通
The bridge fell down just after we got across（it）.
我们刚过去桥，桥就塌了。
I just can’t get across to him.
我无法和他沟通。
（2）get along 设法度过；相处（和with连用）；进展（和with连用）
We’ll get along without that much money somehow.
即使没有那么多的钱，我们也能设法过日子。
How are you getting along with your new girlfriend?
你和新女友相处如何？
How are you getting along with your work?
你的工作进展如何？
（3）get away离开
I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting.
我恐怕难以从会议上脱身。
（4）get down 下来
The kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t get down.
那只小猫爬上树但下不来了。
（5）get down to 开始做（to为介词）
He got down to business immediately he sat at the desk.
他一坐下就开始工作。
特别提示
（1）go through with／get through（with）= finish；（2）go through和get through在表示“通过”时，不用于被动语态。
3.hold up
例句集锦
（1）I held up my hand to show that I had a question.
我举手表示有问题。
（2）The travelers were held up by bandits.
游客们遭到土匪抢劫。
（3）We were help up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam.
我们在前往机场的路上因堵车而延误了登机时间。
相关归纳
（1）hold back缩回；制止；隐瞒
Hold your head back.把头缩回去。
They must do something to hold back rushing fans.
他们必须想法挡住蜂拥而来的慕名者。
You must be holding something back from me.
你一定对我隐瞒着什么。
（2）hold off 使……保持距离；拖延
She hates children and tries to hold them off.
她讨厌小孩，总是想法远离他们。
Hold off for a minute.延缓一分钟。
（3）hold on继续；坚持；不挂断（电话）；固定
The storm held on all night.
暴风雨持续了一夜。
How much longer can we hold on?
我们能再坚持多久？
Hold on a minute.等一会儿（别挂断）。
（4）hold on to 抓住；执著于；固守
The little girl held on to the tail of his coat.
那小女孩抓住他外套的下摆。
（5）hold out 伸出；维持
The lady held out her hand to him.
那女士向他伸出了手。
Our food supplies won’t hold out long.（=last）
我们的食品存量维持不了多久。
（6）catch/get/lay/seize/take hold of抓住
He was caught hold of by the arm.
他的手腕被抓住。
●必背句型
1.as to 的句型结构
教材原句
There are also differences as to how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.
至于身体接触的频率、谈话双方站立的距离、见面和告别的动作也有差别。
特别提示
（1）比较as to和so as to的区别。so as to 后面跟动词不定式，相当于in order to，表示“为了……”的意思。（2）as to后面跟名词、短语和从句，在wh－从句、短语前的as to常可省略。
补充例句
As to money,he is indifferent.
至于钱，他漠不关心。
She was at a loss（as to）how to explain it.
她全然不知道该如何说明这件事。
I enjoy going to the movies.But as to/as for the theater,I prefer staying at home.
我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿留在家里。
3.than+副词／过去分词的省略句型结构
教材原句
Today rides are wilder and scarier than ever.
如今乘车兜风比以前更加疯狂，更加可怕了。
补充例句
You’ll soon speak English much better than ever.
你的英语不久就会比以前讲得更好。
We had a bigger crop last year than ever.
我们去年的收成比往年都好。
They arrived earlier than usual.
他们比通常来得早。
He arrived three hours later than expected.
他比预期的晚来了三个小时。
疑难突破
1.divide,separate
divide vi. & vt.分开；分成……份。常构成短语：divide...into...“把……分成几份”；divide up分开。
separate v.分离；分手；隔开。常构成短语：separate...from...“把……和……分开”。adj. 分开的；各自的
应用
（1）He ______ the apple into half.
（2）He ______ the profits with his partners.
（3）She ______ her spare time between reading books and walking.
（4）We talked until midnight and then ______.
（5）As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
（6）England is ______ from France by the Channel.
（7）He decided to ______ the large house into flats.
答案：（1）divided （2）divided （3）divided （4）separated （5）separated （6）separated （7）divide
2.injure/harm/wound/hurt
四个动词都有“受伤”的意思,但侧重点不同。
injure意义较广，着重指偶然事故对人的“损害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受伤很轻／很严重／很重。injury n.
harm 可用于动词和名词，“伤害；危害”指精神上或物质上的危害；对……有害。短语：do harm to sb./do sb.harm对某人有危害
wound可用于动词和名词。主要指暴力或战争中时所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤。也可用于对人的感情、名誉等的伤害。
hurt 主要用于有生命的东西，多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时指对精神或感情方面的伤害。
应用
（1）Tom fell down from the tree and ______ his legs.
（2）Smoking will ______ your health.
（3）She’s afraid that he would ______ the child.
（4）I ______ my eyes by reading in dim light.
（5）He got ______ in the war.
（6）He fell off the bike and ______ his arm.
（7）He didn’t want to ______ her feelings.
答案：（1）injured/hurt （2）harm （3）harm （4）harmed （5）wounded （6）hurt （7）hurt
典例剖析
【例1】 （春季北京，34）______ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing
剖析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。表示“面对……”可以使用face sth.，也可以使用be faced with sth.。
答案：C
【例2】 （重庆,32）The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in ______ Industrial Revolution.
A./；/ B.the；/ C.the;the D.a;the
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。从句子的意思分析，第一处后面有定语从句修饰，表示特指，第二处为多个词表示的专有名词，所以都使用定冠词。
答案：C
【例3】 （20上海,25）The accident is reported to have occurred ______ the first Sunday in February.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
剖析：本题考查介词的用法。表示特指某一天时，应该在该词前面使用介词on。
答案：B
【例4】 （年江苏,27）Tom owns ______larger collection of ______ books than any other student in our class.
A.the;/ B.a;/ C.a;the D./;the
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。短语a large collection of “大量”的意思。第二处泛指书，不使用冠词。
答案：B
篇6：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 13-Unit 14
高中第一册（下）
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 fat stomach fever ripe ought examine plenty diet fit gain energy
soft bar fuel chemical balance tasty boil mixture sleepy brain steam *theme *parade fighting *conflict argument major probably honour *ancestor *principle nation purpose *creativity *faith *commercial joy light similar generation *salute kiss cheek nod celebration respect gift cycle fool invitation
词组 ought to plenty of keep up with make a right choice short of now and then roll up dress up in one’s opinion give thanks to play a trick on sb. take in cut...into pieces lead a ...life
语法 情态动词
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.fit
例句集锦
n.
These shoes are a perfect fit.
这双鞋子很合脚。
The coat is a bad fit.那件外套不合身。
What a fit!多么合身的衣服啊！
v.
（1）This jacket fits me well.
这件夹克很合我的身。
Why,the key doesn’t fit the lock!
哎呀，这把钥匙不是这把锁的!
What do you want to drink?Will beer fit the bill?
你想喝什么？啤酒可以吗？
（2）These shoes fit perfectly.
这双鞋子完全合脚。
The lid fits badly.那盖子根本盖不上。
（3）It is difficult to fit a suit on him because he is so irregularly built.
他的体形和常人不大相同，很难有合身的衣服。
（4）Please find a coat to the customer.
请找一件适合这位顾客穿的外套。
adj
（1）We meet next week.Do you know a fit place?
我们下星期要开会，你知道什么合适的场所吗？
（2）What kind of job is he fit for?
他适合什么样的工作？
（3）I have no dress fit to wear in public.
我没有适合在公共场合穿的衣服。
Is this water fit to drink?这水能喝吗？
The house isn’t fit for you to live in.
这栋房子不适合你居住。
（4）It is not fit for you to talk like that.
=It is not fit that you（should）talk like that.
你那样说很不得体。
（5）Exercise keeps you fit.
运动能使你保持健康。
用法归纳
*fit可用作动词、名词和形容词。主要义项有：合身的衣服，适合，合适的，适合……的。
特别提示、
fit用作名词时常与不定冠词连用；用作动词时一般表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人穿，如表示衣服的款式或颜色适合某人一般用suit表示。
2.purpose
例句集锦
n.
（1）For what purpose did you go to Africa?
你到非洲去有什么目的？
I didn’t meet him for the mere purpose of talking.
我并不是仅为了谈话才见他。
My purpose in going there was to meet some people on business.
我去那儿的目的是会见商务人士。
answer/serve one’s purpose 符合需要；carry out a purpose 实现目标
（2）What’s the main purpose of this building?
这栋建筑物的主要用途是什么？
Is there any purpose in waiting?
等下去有用吗？
（3）I think he lost the key on purpose.
我认为他是故意丢失钥匙的。
He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
他为了卖自己的一幅画而特意进城。
His explanation was not to the purpose.
他的解释不得要领。
用法归纳
*purpose常用作名词，有两个义项：目的（可数名词）；用途，效果（不可数名词）。
特别提示
短语on purpose的反义词为by chance或by accident“偶然”。
3.respect
例句集锦
n.
（1）Children should show respect for their teachers.
孩子应该尊敬老师。
The doctor was held in respect by everyone.
这位医生受到了大家的尊敬。
（2）He has no respect for his promise.他不重视他的诺言。
We must have respect for the needs of the general readers.
我们必须考虑到一般读者的需要。
He has no respect for the feelings of others.
他毫不在意别人的心情。
（3）My mother sends her respects to you.我母亲向你问好。
v.
He is respected by everyone.
他受到了大家的尊重。
Do you respect the laws of your country?
你们尊重贵国的法律吗？
If you don’t respect yourself,how can you expect others to respect you?
如果你不尊重自己，怎么期望别人尊重你？
用法归纳
*respect可以用作名词和动词（vt.）。主要有以下义项：尊敬；尊重；考虑；重视。作名词时常为不可数名词，复数respects的意思为问候，问好，相当于regards,wishes。
特别提示
注意respect构成的短语：pay respect to 考虑；尊重；with respect to 关于；without respect to 不管；不考虑；in respect of 涉及，关于，在……方面；as respects 就……而言，关于
4.gift
例句集锦
n.
（1）a Christmas/birthday gift 圣诞（生日）礼物
He made a gift of $10 000 to his old high school.
他给他的高中母校捐赠了10 000美圆。
（2）He is a boy of many gifts.
他是个多才多艺的孩子。
He has a gift for music.他有音乐天赋。
用法归纳
*gift用作名词，一般有两个义项：礼物（同义词present）,捐赠，天才，天赋。gifted 为形容词，意思为“有天赋的；有天资的”。a gifted musician一位有天赋的音乐家
特别提示
注意比较gifted“有天赋的”，skilled“有技术的”和experienced“有经验的”。
5.salute
例句集锦
v.
He saluted his friends with a wave of the hand.
他挥挥手向他的朋友致意。
The guard saluted the general smartly.
卫兵非常精神地向将军行礼。
n.
They fired a salute of ten guns.
他们鸣礼炮十响。
He raised his hat as a friendly salute.
他举帽行礼。
They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute.
他们在墓旁脱帽默哀。
用法归纳
*salute可以用作动词（vi.& vt.）和名词，主要义项有：致敬，行礼，向某人表达敬意。短语in salute的意思为“以表示敬意”。
●重点短语
1.take in
例句集锦
Please take in the washing,if it rains.
如果下雨，请把洗的衣服收进来。反义词：take out（拿出）
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
这位好心的老太太主动收容那位可怜的无家可归的陌生人。
The poor widow earns money by taking in washing.
那位可怜的寡妇在家里替人洗衣服度日。
The tour takes in some famous old castles.
这趟观光旅行包括参观若干著名的古堡。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.
那些推销员欺骗老人，让他们购买劣质货物。
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.
我花了很长时间理解你说的话。
Can you take in this dress for me?It’s too loose round the waist.
你能把这件衣服改小一下吗？腰部太肥。反义词：let out（放大）
相关归纳
（1）take along带……一起去
It’s going to rain;you’d better take along a raincoat with you.
天要下雨，你最好随身带着雨衣。
（2）take away拿走
Not to be taken away!不可拿走！
The child was taken away from school.
那孩子不被允许上学了。
（3）take back取回；归还
I take back what I said.我收回我所说的话。
Shopkeepers will not usually take back goods after they have been paid off.
商店主人一般不收回已付过款的货物。
（4）take off除去；脱掉；动身；起飞
When I got to the airport,the plane had taken off.
我到达机场时飞机已经起飞了。
You should take your toys off the table.
你应该把桌子上的玩具拿走。
I’d like to take off for home tomorrow.
我想明天启程回家。
Take your coat off.脱掉你的外套吧。
（5）take on雇佣，承担，呈现
The manager will take on a new secretary.
经理打算雇用一个新秘书。
Don’t take on more work than you can do.
不要接受超过你所能负荷的工作量。
I’m glad to find that our school has taken on a new look.
我很高兴地发现我们学校呈现出新面貌。
（6）take up拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从事；继续
She took up her bag and left.
她拿起包就离开了。
Visiting grandfather will take up the whole of Sunday.
看望祖父将占用整个星期天的时间。
John took up art while at school.
约翰在学校期间开始学习艺术。
I’ll take up the story where I finished yesterday.
我将在昨天结束的地方继续这个故事。
Carry the table out.It takes up too much room.
把这个桌子搬出去，它太占空间。
2.dress up
例句集锦
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
你不必为这次晚宴而打扮。
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。
相关归纳
（1）be dressed in穿着
The lady was dressed in white at the party.
那女士在晚会上穿着一件白色衣服。
The girl was poorly（well）dressed.
那女孩穿着寒酸（华丽）的衣服。
（2）dress down 责骂某人；穿着随便
He dressed down while working in the field.
在地里干活时他穿着很随便。
特别提示
特别注意表示“穿”的词语比较，可从表示动作表示状态和所跟宾语三个方面去区别。表示动作的有put on,try on;表示状态的有wear,be dressed in,be in,have...on;dress的宾语为“人”，其他动词的宾语均为衣物。
3.send away
例句集锦
He sent his son away/off to school in Germany.
他将儿子送到德国上学。
He was sent away because he was not strict in his work.
因对工作要求不严格他被开除了。
I couldn’t get this kind of lamp in town,so I sent away for it.
在城里我买不到这种电灯，所以我寄款邮购。
相关归纳
（1）send out 分发；发出；派出；长出
The sun sends out light and warmth.
太阳发出光和热。
send out invitations/orders 发出邀请或命令
The trees send out new leaves in spring.
春天树木发出新芽。
（2）send off 为某人送行=see sb.off
Many of his friends went to the airport to send him off.
很多朋友都到机场为他送行。
（3）send up发射；使上升
They will send up another man-made satellite next month.
下个月他们将发射另一颗人造卫星。
The good news sent prices up on the market.
这个好消息使物价上涨了。
（4）send for派人去叫某人；派人去拿某物
We must send for a man to repair the TV.
我们必须叫人来修理电视机。
Please keep these things until I send for them.
请替我保存这些东西，等我派人来取。
特别提示
send away在表示“开除；解雇”时，其同义词为dismiss；反义词为take on或employ “雇佣”。
●必背句型
1.only引导的倒装句型
教材原句
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有这样，我们对生活中的挑战和机遇才会有充分的准备。
特别提示
只有only引导状语成分位于句首时，主句才使用主谓倒装的句式，即一般疑问句的语序。
补充例句
（1）Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
（2）Only when you reminded me did I know that I should have done it.
只有当你提醒我，我才知道我本应该做那事的。
2.instead（of）构成的句型
教材原句
Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
不必吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只须尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动即可。
特别提示
instead of后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词，同义词为in place of。另外，instead还可以用作副词，表示“代替，而是”的意思。
补充例句
（1）Can you have the meeting on Thursday instead of Saturday?
你们能星期四而不是星期六开会吗？
He will attend the meeting instead of me.
他将代替我参加会议。
（2）Instead of just complaining all the time,why don’t you do something about it!
别老是发牢骚，你干吗不干点事情！
（3）I was ill so he went to attend the meeting instead.
我病了，因此他代替我参加了会议。
（4）She never studies. Instead,she plays tennis all day.
她从不学习。相反，她整天打网球。
3.each time引导状语从句
教材原句
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.
每次庆祝节日它都会有一点变化。这样我们的文化发展才有生机。
特别提示
each time在此相当于连接副词的作用，引导时间状语从句。表示动作的习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。也可以用every time表示。另外，the first time,next time,the time,the moment也可以用来引导状语从句。
补充例句
（1）Each time we made mistakes in our homework,he would ask us to correct them.
每次我们作业中出现错误时，他总是要求我们改正。
Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
每次你在社交场合遇到人时，集中精力于他四分钟。
Every time I saw him,I was overcome by his brilliance.
每次见到他，都为他的聪颖倾倒。
（2）Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次你进城一定要来看我们。
She rushed into the room immediately/the moment she heard the noise.
她一听到这声音，就冲进了房间。
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.
我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。
疑难突破
1.keep up,keep sb.up,keep up with,catch up with
keep up“振作，使不低落”，后跟名词。
keep sb.up“使……迟睡”比较：stay up“熬夜，不睡觉”。
keep up with“赶上，不落后”，侧重于“不被拉下”。
catch up with“追赶上”，侧重表示“从落后的状态追赶上”。
应用
（1）______ your courage/spirits.
（2）Go on in front,I’ll soon ______ you.
（3）Generally speaking,people in the country can ______ old customs.
（4）It’s wrong to ______ the children ______ so late.
（5）Teachers ought to especially care for those who can’t ______ the class.
答案：（1）Keep up （2）catch up with（catch you up） （3）keep up （4）keep...up （5）keep up with
2.check,examine,test,look up
check v. & n.着重于核对，查明是否正确。
examine v. 这一检查着重于通过检查这一手段去发现新的东西或情况。有时可和check换用。
test v.& n.试验，检验；考验
look up v.查阅（词典等工具书）以获取有关的信息。
应用
（1）I ______ my schoolbag to see if I’ve left the pen.
（2）You must do an experiment to ______ what he said.
（3）A policeman ______ his bag to see if there were any drugs.
（4）When I ______ my shopping list,I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs.
（5）You’d better ______ the word in the dictionary if you don’t know how to use it.
（6）I can’t see things clearly,I’d like to go to the doctor’s to have my eyes______.
答案：（1）checked （2）test （3）examined/checked （4）checked （5）look up （6）examined
典例剖析
【例1】 （20春季北京，25）______ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by ______ year 2090.
A.A;the B.The;/ C.The;/ D.The;a
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。第一处用不定冠词，表示“某一份报告”的意思。第二处因为特指2090年，所以使用定冠词。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年重庆，34）I failed in the final examination last term and only then______ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize
剖析：本题考查倒装句型。当only引导的状语位于句首时，需要使用主谓倒装语序。参见必背句型1。时间状语only then表明此处使用一般过去时态。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年全国，29）-Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-No,it ______ be him,I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A.can’t B.must not C.won’t D.may not
剖析：本题考查情态动词的用法。从后面一句话所提供的语境分析，“我对此非常有把握”，所以“绝对不可能是他”。情态动词must不能用于否定的推测，此时应该使用can’t。
答案：A
篇7：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 15-Unit 16
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *dormitory explain recognize surely diamond jewellery franc continue lovely debt precious *positive attend earn besides ball lecture silly author *outline quality experiment glove gas liquid advantage disadvantage *application engine *nuclear comfort unnecessary successful conduct lightning thunderstorm string charge electric shock prove tear frame handkerchief control sharp foot fasten sense *shampoo skin drug *activist doubt cruel view conclusion
词组 call on bring back day and night pay off at most act out a number of
a great number of pick out test on bring out try on come up with take care dream of doing build up * concentrate on belong to set free end up
语法 情态动词 构词法--合成
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.explain
例句集锦
v.
（1）I was asked to explain to him the meaning of the sentence.
我被要求向他解释那个句子的意思。
He explained the outline of his plan to us.
他向我们解释他的计划大纲。
（2）That explains her sudden anger.=That explains why she got angry all of a sudden.
那就能够说明她为什么突然生气了。
How do you explain your rude behavior?
你如何为自己的粗鲁行为辩解？
（3）Can you explain to me how to bake a cake?
你能不能向我说一下蛋糕的做法呢？
（4）He explained why he was late.
他解释为什么迟到。
She explained that she couldn’t come because she was ill.
她解释说因为生病所以她不能来了。
（5）What you’ve said is not clear.Please explain.
你说得不清楚，请再解释一下。
用法归纳
*explain用作动词（vi.& vt.），主要有以下义项：解释；说明（原因）。作及物动词时，后面可跟名词、复合宾语、动词不定式和宾语从句作宾语。
特别提示
表示“向某人解释某事”时，sb.前必须使用介词to，即explain to sb.sth./explain sth.to sb.。explain的名词为explanation。
2.recognize
例句集锦
v.
（1）Though she changed much,I recognized her at first sight.
虽然她变化很大，我还是一眼就认出了她。
I recognized Mary in the photograph.
我认出了照片中的玛丽。
（2）They recognized him to be a great leader.
他们承认他是一位伟大的领袖。
They refused to recognize our government.
他们拒绝承认我们的政府。
（3）He didn’t recognize（=admit）that he had made a big mistake.
他不承认自己犯下了大错。
I recognize that he is cleverer than I am.
我承认他比我聪明。
（4）Do you recognize（=make out）his handwriting?
你能认出他的笔迹吗？
用法归纳
*recognize用作动词，有以下义项：认出；承认；分辨出。
特别提示
recognize,realize和know的区别：recognize=know again;make out“认出；分辨出”；realize=come to know“意识到”；know“认识”。
3.charge
例句集锦
v.
（1）How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
一间带浴室的房间多少钱？
They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano.
搬运这架钢琴最少要花费600美圆。
（2）They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.
一杯咖啡他们向我要5美圆。
（3）Please charge the money to my account.
请将这些钱记在我的账上。
（4）He charged me with being irresponsible.
他谴责我不负责任。
（5）Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.
母亲训诫我要诚实，不可偷窃。
（6）How often shall I charge the battery?
我多长时间充一次电？
n.
（1）What is the charge for using the hall?
那大厅的使用费是多少？
You can get service free of charge.
你可得到免费服务。
There is a 10 percent service charge.
收10％的服务费。
（2）Will that be cash or charge?
付现金还是记账？
（3）I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away.
下周董事离开，我将负责整个工厂。
The patient is in the charge of that doctor.
这位病人由那位医生负责。
The park is under the charge of the city.
这座公园由市政府管理。
We give her the charge of the house while we are away.
我们外出时，托付她管理家务。
用法归纳
*charge可以用作动词（vt.）和名词。主要义项有：要价；向某人收费；记账；谴责；命令；充电；管理；照顾；收费。
特别提示
注意in charge of “管理”和in the charge of...“……在某人的管理下”的区别。常用短语还有：free of charge “免费的”；take charge of “担任；管理”。
4.sense
例句集锦
n.
（1）What he said makes sense.
他说的话很有道理。
（2）Can you make sense of what I said?
你能理解我说的话吗？
（3）What you say is true in a sense.
就某种意义而言，你说的是实话。
（4）The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste and touch.
五种感官是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。
She has a poor sense of direction.
她的方向感很差。
Generally speaking,everyone has a sense of shame.
一般来说，每个人都有羞耻心。
He has no sense of business.
他没有经商意识。
（5）She lost her senses when she heard the news.
她听到这个消息就昏了过去。
v.
He sensed that his proposal was unwelcome.
他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。
The dog sensed danger and barked.
那条狗意识到危险后叫了起来。
He sensed that something had happened to his family.
他感觉到他家出事了。
用法归纳
*sense可以用作动词（vt.）和名词,主要义项有：感官，感觉；意义，意味等。
5.comfort
例句集锦
n.
（1）The priest spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man.
牧师对将要死去的人说了几句安慰的话。
He lives in great comfort.
他生活极为舒适。
His kindness gave her much/great comfort.
他对她和蔼可亲使她颇感安慰。
After retirement,he took comfort from/in reading.
退休后他从读书中得到慰藉。
（2）My husband was a great comfort to me when I was ill.
在我生病时，我的丈夫是我极大的安慰。
It is a comfort to know that she is safe.
得知她平安无事，是一个安慰。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真是舒服。
v.
I tried to comfort Jean after her mother’s death.
珍妮的妈妈去世后，我尽力安慰她。
The letter from home comforted him.
收到家书使他深感慰藉。
用法归纳
特别提示
comfort 表示“舒适；安慰”时为抽象名词，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”时为可数名词。comfortable adj. 舒服的。例如：
The chair is comfortable to sit in.
这椅子坐上去很舒服。
●重点短语
1.call on
例句集锦
Please call on me next time you are in New York.
下次来纽约时请顺便来我家。
I’ll now call on Tom to answer.
=I’ll now call on Tom for an answer.
我现在就请汤姆回答。
相关归纳
（1）call at 参观、拜访某地
I called at Mr Brown’s office yesterday.
昨天我去了布朗先生的办公室。
（2）call for要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物
This work calls for immediate action.
这项工作需要立刻行动。
I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.
我六点去接你，然后我们一块去电影院。
（3）call up打电话；使想起；使回忆起
I’ll call you up this afternoon.
今天下午我给你打电话。
The music calls up old times.
这音乐使人回忆起旧日时光。
（4）call in召集；请；要求退回；收回
Call the doctor in!快请医生来！
The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
生产商已经收回了一些有严重缺陷的汽车。
（5）call off决定取消；下令停止
The football match was called off because of the heavy rain.
因大雨足球比赛被取消。
（6）call back叫回；再度访问；回电话
I was about to leave when he called me back.
我刚要离开，他把我叫了回来。
2.pick out
例句集锦
She picked out the shoes that match the dress.
她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?
你能在这人群中找出你的兄弟吗？
The houses in the painting were picked out in white.
这幅画中的房子以白色凸现出来。
I managed to pick out the passage.
我终于理解了这篇文章的意思。
相关归纳
（1）pick at 申诉；指责；吃一点点
His mother picked at him for being lazy.
他母亲指责他懒惰。
The sick woman just picked at the food he brought.
那生病的女人只吃了一点点他带来的食物。
（2）pick on 选择某人
The teacher always picked on me to answer a hard question.
老师总是挑我回答困难的问题。
The examiner can pick on any student to answer questions.
测试者可能选择任何一位学生回答问题。
（3）pick up 拾起；让乘客上车；驾车接某人；恢复；偶然得到；接收广播
After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health.
在医院住了很久以后，医生建议这位病人到海边去恢复健康。
I picked up the book on the ground.
我从地上拾起那本书。
It’s easy for my radio to pick up VOA English.
我的收音机能很容易地收听到《美国之音》的英语节目。
The lost child was picked up by the police.
那迷路的孩子由警察把他收留了。
I’ll pick you up at your home.
我开车到你家去接你。
He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
他在因公去巴黎期间学会了一些法语。
（4）pick over 慎重地调查；仔细地检查
He picked over a basket of apples.
他仔细地挑选了一篮子苹果。
特别提示
pick out的同义词为choose，注意比较select的意思为“仔细挑选”。另外要特别注意pick up的多义。
3.pay off
例句集锦
I’ve now paid off all my debts.
我现在已经全部付清债务了。
Did your plan pay off ?
你的计划成功了吗？
相关归纳
（1）pay back偿还
He paid back his debts.他偿还了借款。
Can you lend me some money?I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能不能借给我一些钱？我明天就还你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他还给我欠我的那100美圆。
（2）pay for付款；受到报应
Did you pay him 100 dollars for that old bicycle?
你付给他100美圆买他那辆旧自行车了吗？
How much did you pay the electrician for fixing the TV?
你付给电工多少钱修理电视机？
Did you pay for the book?
那本书你付过钱了吗？
You’ll have to pay for your crime.
你将为你的罪行受到惩罚。
4.bring out
例句集锦
We brought out the chairs and did some sun-bathing.
我们把椅子搬出来，做日光浴。
She has brought out two new books at the same time.
她同时出版了两本新书。
This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face.
这张相片非常清晰，把她脸上的皱纹都照出来了。
The company is bringing out a new kind of soap.
这家公司在生产一种新香皂。
Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.
困难可以显现一个人的最佳品质。
相关归纳
（1）bring up抚养；提出；呕吐
She has brought up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。
He was ill and brought up his dinner.
他病了，把午饭都吐出来了。
（2）bring down使价格降低
I don’t know what brought down the price of clothing.
我不知道衣服为什么降价。
He aimed,fired and brought down the fox.
他瞄准、开枪把那只狐狸打倒了。
（3）bring about引起；导致＝cause to happen
What brought about the forest fire?
什么引起的这场森林大火？
I don’t know what brought about the change in his thinking.
我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法。
（4）bring in引进；赚取
The business brings in $100 000 every year.
这个买卖每年可赚10万美圆。
The open policy brings in a lot of new fashion.
开放政策带来了许多新时尚。
His new job brings in an extra hundred dollars a month.
他的新工作给他带来每月100美圆的额外收入。
His talk brought in some new ideas.
他的谈话带来了一些新的观点。
（5）bring forward提出；提议
Now I’d like to bring forward the question of funds.
我现在要提出资金的问题。
A plan was brought forward to allow workers to share in profits.
提出了一项允许工人分享利润的计划。
（6）bring back带回；使忆起
Bring me the book back from Paul’s.
从保罗那儿把那本书给我带回来。
The landscape brought back my hometown which I had left five years before.
那风景使我回忆起离别五年的家乡。
特别提示
bring out在表示“出版”的意思时，相当于publish，为及物动词短语。而短语come out表示“出版”的意思时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。例如：When does John’s new book come out?
●必背句型
1.That’s ...引导的表语从句结构
教材原句
That’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
那就是为什么我们看到的颜色像彩虹一样扩散开。
That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.
那就是为什么爱因斯坦和他的家人于1933年离开欧洲到了美国。
That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London.
那就是他在伦敦期间如何谋生的。
That’s because of hard work.（介词短语作表语）
那是因为艰苦的工作。
特别提示
在该句型结构中，that’s...后面可以用why“那是为什么……”，how “那是如何……”，because “那是因为……”，where “那是……地方”，when “那是……时候”，what “那是……的”。
补充例句
That’s because I was too busy then.
那是因为我当时很忙。
Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
坚忍不拔是一种素质，这种素质是做好任何事情所需要的。
-Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
你仍在想着昨天的比赛吗？
-Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
正是昨天的比赛使我感到兴奋。
2.表示“价值；花费”的句型
教材原句
It was worth five hundred francs at most.
它至多值500法郎。
It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
它花了我们36 000法郎。
A new dress costs over four hundred francs.
一件新的礼服要400多法郎。
特别提示
（1）be worth+money,sth.+cost+money的意思相同，表示“某样东西值多少钱”，而sth.cost sb.+money表示“某种东西花了某人多少钱”的意思。表示“花费”的句型还有：sb.+spend+money/time+on sth./（in）doing sth.;sb.+pay money+for sth.;It takes sb.some time to do sth.;pay money for sth.;buy sth.for money
（2）be worth doing 表示“……值得……”，需要用主动形式表示被动意义。
补充例句
This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一读。
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的提议值得考虑。
How much did it cost to build the bridge?
建这座桥花费了多少钱？
It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car.
修理这部汽车你要花费500美圆。
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort.
这么困难的工作需要耗费极多的时间和精力。
I spent my summer vacation（in）reading and fishing.
我的暑假是在看书和钓鱼中度过的。
It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
我们从这里步行去车站要30分钟。
3.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句结构
教材原句
Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
把手帕四角与龙骨端头绑牢，就可以成为很好的结实的风筝了。
特别提示
用and,then表示递进关系，“那么”的意思；用or或otherwise表示转折关系，“否则”的意思。该句型可以用if或unless引导的条件状语从句替换，即“条件句+陈述句”，这时后面的连词就不需要了。
补充例句
Work hard,and you’ll be successful in time.
=If you work hard,you will be successful in time.
只要你努力，一定会成功。
Get ready or/otherwise you won’t pass the test.
=If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.
=Unless you get ready,you won’t pass the test.
作好准备，要不你小测验不会及格的。
4.to do作表语的句型结构
教材原句
What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?
特别提示
be to do结构可以用来表示安排、命令、职责、用途、命中注定要发生的动作等。
补充例句
We are to meet at the school gate.
我们约定在校门口碰头。
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你得在10点钟前回来。
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou.
我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。
A knife is to cut with.刀是用来切割的。
They were never to meet again.
他们注定永远不会再见面了。
疑难突破
1.go on doing,go on to do,go on with,continue
go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事。
go on to do sth.指接着做另外一件事。
go on with sth.指继续同一件事，此时 with 后能接名词、代词，不能跟v.-ing 形式。
continue 继续同一件事，也可以是另一件事。该词有以下用法：①continue+ n.；②continue doing/to do；③continue（to be）+adj.
应用
（1）The rain ______ for three days.
（2）They ______ their game after lunch.
（3）He ______ writing/to write late into the night.
（4）The weather ______（=remains）cold.
（5）After a short rest,they ______ working.
（6）After finishing the words,they ______ to go over the text.
（7）Einstein ______ his research.
答案：（1）continued （2）continued/went on with （3）continued （4）continues （5）went on （6）went on （7）went on with
2.take care,take care of
take care of “爱护；照顾”，后跟名词或代词,不可单独使用。
take care “小心；注意”,后面可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟that从句。
特别提示
watch out和look out也有“当心；注意”的意思，但用法不同。这两个短语可以单独使用，表示警告，另外也可以构成watch out for.../look out for...表达“注意，留意”的意思。
应用
（1）______ that you don’t spoil your clothes.
（2）______ not to drop it!
（3）She stayed at home to ______ the baby.
（4）______ for a tall man in a black hat.
（5）______!The train is coming!
答案：（1）Take care （2）Take care （3）take care of （4）Watch out/Look out （5）Look out/Watch out
典例剖析
【例1】 （春季北京，33）Lose one hour in the morning ______ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
A.but B.and C.or D.so
剖析：本题考查句型结构中的连词用法。句型“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示“这么做，那么就会怎么样”的意思。
答案：B
【例2】 （全国卷I ，35）I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.______,the walk will do me good.
A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides
剖析：本题考查副词的用法。从句子的意思可以看出，这里使用besides，表示“另外”的意思，即“我不介意……，另外步行还对我有好处”。
答案：D
【例3】 （20湖北，26）-Excuse me.Is it the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry,I’m not sure.But it ______ be.
A.might B.will C.must D.can
剖析：本题考查情态动词的用法。从句子语境分析，I’m not sure表明把握性不大，所以在这种情况下进行推测时使用might，表示“或许”的意思。
答案：A
【例4】 （年春季上海，48）I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me.
A.meaning B.importance C.sense D.significance
剖析：本题考查名词辨析。从句子的语境去分析，短语make sense “有意义；理解；明白”的意思，符合要求。参见“重点精讲4”。
答案：C
篇8：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 9-Unit 10
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 disagree depend press throughout add latest *feature remind appointment obey dare case *emergency whatever particular *interview department electricity wonder defeat force succeed *skip fur lead *jungle *enviroment tour act measure *adapt *original devote common valuable reduce *respond *amount package flat material topic organize brief
词组 stay in touch with call for in case of according to take over break down in danger die out lead to as a result of take measures adapt to make a difference devote...to at present set free in the wild throw away
语法 被动语态 复习直接引语和间接引语
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.depend
例句集锦
（1）He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
他知道他可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
（2）You shouldn’t listen to rumour.You can depend on me.
不要听信谣言，你要相信我。
Can we depend on you/your coming in on Sunday?
我们能指望你星期天来参加吗？
You can depend on her to be late.
她保准迟到。
（3）Does the quality of teaching depend on class size?
教学质量取决于班级的人数吗？
It would depend on the circumstances.
这要视情况而定。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.
我们可能还需要些食物，不过还应看到场的人数。
（4）The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival.
这个地区靠航运业维持生活。
I don’t want to depend too much on my parents.
我不想过度依赖父母。
用法归纳
*depend总是与on或upon连用。主要义项有：（1）依靠，信赖；（2） 确信，相信，指望；（3）受……的影响，由……决定，取决于；（4）需要，依靠（提供资金、帮助等）。
相关归纳
（1）That depends/It（all）depends.
那得看情况定。
-Is he coming?他来吗？
-That depends.He may not have the time.
那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
I don’t know if we can help -it all depends.
我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况而定。
I might not go.It depends how tired I am.
我不一定去，这要看我有多累。
-Your job sounds fun.
你的工作听起来很有乐趣。
-It depends what you mean by“fun”.
这要看你说的“乐趣”是什么意思。
（2）depend on/upon it 请相信，没问题（用于句首或句尾）
Depend on it（=you can be sure）,we won’t give up.
请相信，我们决不会放弃。
This will ruin your health,depend upon it.
这肯定会把你的身体搞坏。
You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
请放心，所有的货物都会准时交付。
2.remind
例句集锦
I’m sorry,I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?
对不起，我忘了你的名字。请提醒我一下好吗？
-Don’t forget the camera.
别忘了带相机。
-Remind me about it nearer the time.
到时候再提醒我一下。
Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前给埃伦打电话。
Can someone remind what I should do next?
谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？
You remind me of your father when you say that.
你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。
That smell reminds me of France.
这股气味使我想起了法国。
用法归纳
*remind v.主要义项为：提醒；使想起。作“使想起”解时，常用remind sb. of sb./sth.，意为“使想起（类似的人、地方、事物等）”。
3.wonder
例句集锦
v.
I wonder who she is.我想知道她是谁。
I was just beginning to wonder where you were.
我刚才正琢磨你上哪儿去了。
I wonder if you can help me.
不知你是否能帮我的忙？
She wondered at her own stupidity.
她没想到自己竟会这么愚蠢。
Many people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.
很多人赞美身边大自然的美。
I wonder that he didn’t hurt himself jumping over that wall.
我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。
I don’t wonder you’re tired.You’ve had a busy day.
你累了，我一点都不奇怪，你已经忙了一整天了。
n.
She gazed down in wonder at the city spread below her.
她俯视展现在眼前的城市，惊叹不已。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
长城是世界奇迹之一。
You’re a wonder!I would never have thought of doing that.
你真神了!我从来想不到该那样做。
Have you seen the boy wonder play yet?
你看过那场神童表演没有？
用法归纳
*wonder可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：想知道；想弄明白；琢磨；感到诧异；非常惊讶。作名词时，主要义项有：惊讶；惊奇；惊叹；奇迹；奇观；奇妙之处；能人；奇才。
相关归纳
（1）no wonder 或It’s no/little/small wonder（that）...不足为奇；并不奇怪
It is little wonder（that）she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
No wonder you’re tired,you’ve been walking for hours.
难怪你累了，你一直走了好几个小时。
（2）It’s a wonder（that）...令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是
It’s a wonder（that）more people weren’t hurt.
奇怪的是没有更多的人受到伤害。
（3）do wonders（for sb./sth.）（为某人/替某事）创造奇迹；产生神奇作用
The news had done wonders for our moral.
这消息大大振奋了我们的士气。
（4）work wonders 创造奇迹；取得优异的成绩；产生良好的效果
Her new diet and exercise programme had worked wonders for her.
她新的饮食和锻炼计划对她产生了奇效。
4.succeed v.
success n.
例句集锦
You have to work hard if you are to succeed.
要想有所作为，你必须苦干。
Probably he will succeed Tom as our manager.
他可能接替汤姆任经理。
Their early success was succeeded by a period of miserable failure.
他们起初获得成功，但随后有一段惨痛失败的时期。
He is a great success as a teacher.
=He is successful as a teacher.
他教书很成功。
What’s the secret of your success?
你成功的秘诀是什么？
I didn’t have much success in finding a job.
我找工作没什么结果。
用法归纳
*succeed的主要义项有：到达目的；办到；做成；成功；有作为；接替；继任。
*success的主要义项有：（1）（不可数名词）成功，胜利，发财，成名；（2）（可数名词）成功的人或事物。
相关归纳
（1）succeed in sth.在……方面成功
I did not succeed in my first lecture.
我第一次讲课不成功。
（2）succeed in doing sth.=manage to do sth.
成功做成某事
They succeeded in climbing to the top of the mountain.
他们成功登上了山顶。
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
他被艺术学校录取了。
I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry.
我本想跟她商量，结果却把她惹火了。
5.lead
例句集锦
v.
He led us out into the grounds.
他领我们进了庭院。
He led the horse back into the stable.
他把马牵回了马厩。
Which door leads to the yard?
哪扇门通向庭院？
The track led us through a wood.
我们沿着小路穿过树林。
The department led the world in cancer research.
这个系在癌症研究方面走在世界前列。
The champion is leading by 18 seconds.
冠军领先了18秒。
Who will lead the party in the next election?
下一届选举谁来领导这个党？
n.
She took the lead in the second lap.
她在第二圈时领先。
He has gone into the lead.
他已处于领先地位。
He managed to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.
他比跟的最紧的对手勉强领先两秒钟。
The polls have given Labour of five-point lead.
投票选举中工党领先五个百分点。
用法归纳
*lead可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：带路；领路；引领；通向；通往；处于首位；处于领先地位；领导。 作名词时，主要义项有：领先地位；领先的距离；超前量。
相关归纳
（1）lead to 导致；造成（后果）
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食过多的糖会引起健康问题。
This crisis led to the downfall of the government.
这一危机使政府倒台了。
（2）lead sb. to sth. 使得出（观点）
What led you to this conclusion?
你是如何得出这个结论的？
●重点短语
1.stay in touch（with）=keep in touch（with）（与……）保持联系
例句集锦
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family.
答案似乎是：我们需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
Here is my card.Let’s keep in touch.
这是我的名片，咱们保持联系。
相关归纳
（1）get in touch with sb.与某人取得联系
（2）lose touch with sb.与某人失去联系
（3）be in touch with sb.与某人有联系
（4）be out of touch with sb.与某人没有联系
例如：
Are you still in touch with your classmates from college?
你和大学的同学还有联系吗？
We have been out of touch with them for about two years.
我们与他们失去联系大约两年了。
They have lost touch with the astronauts in the spaceship.They are trying to get in touch with them again.
他们已经与飞船上的宇航员失去了联系，他们正在设法与他们取得联系。
特别提示
由touch构成的词组中，touch前不用冠词。
2.call for
（1）+sth.需要，（公开）要求；（2）+sb.（去）接
例句集锦
The situation calls for prompt action.
目前的形势需要立即采取行动。
They called for the immediate release of hostages.
他们要求立即释放人质。
The opposition have called for him to resign.
反对派已要求他辞职。
I’ll call for you at seven o’clock.
七点钟我来接你。
相关归纳
（1）call at（火车等）停靠；（短时间）停留
This train calls at almost every station.
这列火车几乎每个站都停。
Does this liner call at Hong Kong?
这艘客轮在香港停吗？
（2）call in 收回；叫来；请来；来访；打电话来
Call in a doctor at once.
马上把医生请来。
Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.
有严重缺陷的汽车已被制造商召回。
Call in this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚请来一趟。
Several people have called in sick today.
今天有几个人打电话请病假。
（3）call off 取消；停止进行
They have called off their engagement.
他们已经解除婚约。
He phoned me and called the appointment off.
他给我打电话取消了这次约会。
（4）call on sb.拜访；看望（某人）
Call on them this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚你去看看他们。
I have formed the habit of calling on him in the evening.
我每天晚上都到他那儿去，这已养成了习惯。
（5）call on/upon sb.to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事；号召某人做某事
I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
现在请主席向大会致辞。
（6）call sb.up打电话给；征召入伍
I’ll call you up about seven o’clcok.
我7点左右给你打电话。
When the war broke out,they were at once called up.
战争一爆发，他们就立即被征召入伍了。
3.in case of假使；如果发生……
例句集锦
In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.
如遇火险，即按警铃。
Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer,since we can call for help in case of an emergency.
手里有手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可以随时求救。
相关归纳
（1）in this/that case 如果这样（那样）的话；既然那样
-I’ve made up my mind.
我已经拿定主意。
-In that case,there’s no point discussing it.
既然如此，讨论这件事就毫无意义。
He might not come this evening.In that case,we won’t hold the party.
他今晚可能来不了，如果那样的话，我们就不开晚会了。
（2）in case（that）假使；免得；以防万一
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
In case it rains,I won’t come back tonight.
假使下雨，今晚我就不回来了。
In case you’re wondering why Joe’s here -let me explain.
我来解释一下吧，免得你奇怪为什么乔在这儿。
You probably won’t need to call -but take my number,just in case.
你可能不需要打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码，以防万一。
特别提示
in case（that）引导条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
（3）in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
In any case you mustn’t tell a lie.
无论什么情况，你都不该撒谎。
There’s no point complaining now-we’re leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，反正明天我们就要离开了。
（4）in no case（=never）绝不
特别提示
in no case放在句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
We will in no case use nuclear weapons first.
=In no case will we use nuclear weapons first.
我们绝不首先使用核武器。
4.according to 据（……所说）；按（……所报道）；依照；按照
例句集锦
According to Mick,it’s a great movie.
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
You’ve been absent six times,according to our records.
根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。
Everything went according to the plan.
一切均按照计划进行。
5.in danger在危险中
例句集锦
Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
The building is in danger of collapsing.
这栋建筑有垮塌的危险。
How many factory workers are in danger of losing their jobs?
有多少产业工人可能失业？
He had a car accident and his life was in danger.
他遭遇车祸，有生命危险。
相关归纳
（1）be out of danger 脱险
Doctors said she is now out of danger.
医生说她已脱离危险。
（2）be dangerous 危险的
The traffic here is very dangerous for children.
这里的交通对孩子来说很危险。
The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous.
这些逃犯残暴而危险。
6.as a result of由于……的结果
例句集锦
She died as a result of injuries.
她由于受伤而死亡。
As a result of the fire,thousands of people lost their homes.
由于那场大火，数千人失去了家园。
相关归纳
as a result 结果
He was caught in the rain.As a result,he had a bad cold.
他挨了雨淋，结果患了重感冒。
He made one big mistake,and as a result,lost his job.
他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
7.devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心
例句集锦
She devoted herself to her career.
她全力倾注于自己的事业。
Professor Stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.
史蒂文森教授献身于保护麋鹿的工作。
After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.
毕业以后他继续致力于研究工作。
相关归纳
（1）devote...to...把（时间、精力等）用于
I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.
我一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时。
She devoted her life to helping homeless children.
她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子们。
（2）be devoted to 喜爱；疼爱；忠于；致力于
They are devoted to their children.
他们深爱着自己的孩子。
Her son,to whom she was so devoted,died in fighting the flood.
她非常疼爱的儿子在抗洪中牺牲了。
Some of them were devoted to the study of natural science.
他们有些人专门研究自然科学。
8.cut down 砍倒；病死；减少
例句集锦
When the farmers cut down trees,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.
农民把树砍倒后，老虎无法藏身和猎食。
You should try your best to cut down the accident rate.
你们应该尽力减少事故。
We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。
相关归纳
（1）cut up 切碎；剪碎；摧毁
He cut up the meat on his plate.
他在盘子里把肉切成小块。
They have cut down a tall tree and now they are cutting it up.
他们已经把一棵大树砍倒，现在正在把它截断。
He was badly cut up in the fight.
他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤。
（2）cut away 剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除
They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
他们把这棵树上的枯枝全部砍掉了。
（3）cut off 砍下来；切断；阻碍；阻挡；堵塞
He had his two fingers cut off in an accident at work.
他在一次工伤事故中被切断了两根手指。
The new factory cut off our view of the hills.
新建的工厂挡住了我们观山景的视线。
The army was cut off from its base.
那支部队与基地失去了联系。
（4）cut out 剪下；删除
You’d better cut out the last paragraph of your composition.
你最好把作文的最后一段删除。
（5）cut through 抄近路；开辟（出路或通道）
They used a machete to cut through the bush.
他们用砍刀在灌木丛中开辟出一条路。
I came by cutting through the lane.我抄近路来的。
●必背句型
1.be worth+doing 值得做……
教材原句
That’s worth thinking about.
那值得考虑。
特别提示
（1）该结构中应使用动名词的主动式，不可使用被动式。
（2）“很值得……”用be well worth，不可用very或quite。
（3）be worth+表示钱数的名词或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词，意为“值（多少钱）；值得”。
补充例句
Our house is worth about $100 000.
我们的房子大约值十万美圆。
How much is this painting worth?
这幅画值多少钱？
If you answer this question correctly,it’s worth five points.
答对了这道题可以得五分。
The museum is certainly worth a visit.
这家博物馆的确值得参观。
This idea is well worth considering.
这个想法很值得考虑。
相关归纳
（1）be worthy of+n.
（2）be worthy of being done
（3）be worthy to be done
A number of the report’s findings are worthy of note.
这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。
The article is worthy of careful study.
=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.
=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.
=The article is worth studying carefully.
这篇文章值得细读。
2.no matter引导的状语从句
教材原句
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.
=The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family wherever we are or whatever we are doing.
答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
特别提示
（1）no matter与who,what,where,when或how连用，可以用来引导状语从句，该状语从句等于该“疑问词+ever”引导的状语从句。
（2）no matter who（what...）引导的状语从句中，多用现在时表示将来的动作。
补充例句
They don’t last long no matter how careful you are.
=They don’t last long however careful you are.
不管你如何仔细，他们都维持不了多久。
Call me when you get there,no matter what the time is.
=Call me when you get there,whatever the time is.
无论什么时候，你到了那里就给我打电话。
No matter who telephones,say I’m out.
=Whoever telephones,say I’m out.
不管谁来电话，都说我出去了。
No matter where you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
=Wherever you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
不管你走到哪里，都会看到可口可乐。
No matter what you say,I won’t believe you.
=Whatever you say,I won’t believe you.
不管你说什么，我决不相信你说的话。
3.whatever等引导的名词性从句
教材原句
She says that her cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.
她说手机使她想做什么就做什么，而同时又与父母和朋友随时保持联系。
特别提示
whatever,whoever等可以引导名词性从句，而no matter what，no matter who等不可。
补充例句
He may eat whatever you give him.
你给他什么他吃什么。
Take whatever action is needed.
采取必要的任何行动。
Whoever says that is a liar.
说那话的人是个骗子。
Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.
把这寄给负责销售的人。
Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑选你喜欢的牌子。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
疑难突破
1.as many as,as much as
as many as意为“多达……；……之多”,常用在人或物的具体数量前，结构为：as many as+数词+复数名词。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数、价格”等方面，表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小，结构为：as much as+数词+复数名词。
应用
（1）______ 250 000 people lost their homes in the earthquake.
（2）The rain is plentiful here,often ______ seventy inches every year.
（3）At the job,she could earn ______ eighty dollars a week.
（4）The civil war in that country lasted ______ 16 years.
答案：（1）As many as （2）as much as （3）as much as （4）as much as
2.much too,too much,too many
too much可独立作状语、主语、宾语或表语；又可作定语，修饰不可数名词。
too many可作定语，修饰可数名词。
much too只能用于修饰形容词或副词，不可修饰动词。
应用
（1）The car is ______expensive for an ordinary family in China.
（2）You drank ______ last night.
（3）You eat ______ sugar every day.It’s bad for your health.
（4）It’s ______hot today.
（5）What you said is ______ for the girl.
（6）They have______difficulties to settle.
（7）A species may also die out if humans or animals use ______ of a plant or kill ______ animals.
答案：（1）much too （2）too much （3）too much （4）much too （5）too much （6） too many （7） too much,too many
3.agree on,agree with,agree to
agree on表示在某一点上达成协议或取得一致意见。
agree with表示同意、赞成某人说的话，后接sb.或wh-从句，或表达意见、想法、观点、决定的词（opinion,view,idea,decision）。还可表示“与……一致;适合”,此时，主语一般不是表人的词。
agree to后接计划、安排、建议、条件等词（plan,arrangement,suggestion,terms）。
agree to do表示“同意做某事”。
应用
（1）I ______what he said.
（2）After a further discussion,both sides ______ the date for the next meeting.
（3）They didn’t ______each other on that point.
（4）A verb should ______its subject in number and person.
（5）At last the teacher ______ give him another chance.
（6）Do you ______the arrangement?
（7）They all ______the matter.
答案：（1）agree with （2）agreed on （3）agree with （4）agree with （5）agreed to （6）agree to （7）agreed on
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年江苏，35）-How long are you staying?
-I don’t know.______.
A.That’s OK B.Never mind C.It depends D.It doesn’t mind
剖析：本题考查交际用语。根据题意，最佳答案为 C项。It depends.意为：“那得看情况定。”全句意思为：“你打算待多久？”“不知道，那得看情况而定。”参见“重点单词1”。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年广东，24）It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
剖析：It’s no wonder that表示“难怪……”。题干中wonder前有any，所以不能再用no，故排除A项；such和nearly又不能与any连用，故排除B、C两项；hardly可以与any连用，因此最佳答案为D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年浙江，28）-Brand was Jane’s brother!
-______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A.No doubt B.Above all C.No wonder D.Of course
剖析：no wonder+句子=It is/was no wonder+句子，意为“难怪……”。
答案：C
【例4】 （2004年湖北，27）You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.
A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
剖析：本题考查连词的用法。B项no matter 后缺连词，故排除；从句意看，主从句存在让步关系，因此最佳答案为A。however much work=no matter how much work，全句意思为：无论你有多少工作要做，晚上你都要设法睡个好觉。
答案：A
【例5】 （2004年北京，27）The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by .
A.has been completed B.has completed
C.will have been compeleted D.will have complete
剖析：从题干的逻辑关系看，本题应该使用被动语态，故排除B、D两项；由时间状语by 2006可知，应该使用将来完成时的被动语态，表示从将来某一时间看已经完成的动作。
答案：C
补充：
【例1】 （2004年浙江，26）More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.
A.treated B.have treated
C.had been treated D.have been treated
剖析：patients与treat之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，故排除A项和B项；由时间状语this year可判断，应使用现在完成时态，故选D。
答案：D
【例2】 （ 年春季北京）John may phone tonight,I don’t want to go out ______ he phones.
A.in case B.in that case C.so that D.in time
剖析： in that case 和in time后面不能接从句;so that后面的从句应加情态动词。故选A。
答案：A
篇9：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 19-Unit 20
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 protection *technique *irrigation pump seed technical *import production method root *insect tobacco golden tie discovery garden gardening gardener wisdom practical guide firstly sow condition soil weed remove sunflower humour humourous bitter chalk couple minister *circus intend stage nationality certain *amuse laughter accent actually typical tradition rapid *appreciate exist phrase suffer operate direction brake cyclist fortunately bicycle silence rude *confuse *confused
词组 depend on and so on make fun of date back make use of drive off be on good terms with sb. look on ...as take notes of stand for go against year after year in the direction of in surprise to one’s joy
语法 It的用法（表示强调）
v.-ing形式作定语和宾补
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.condition
例句集锦
n.
（1）Ability is one of the conditions of success in life.
能力是人生成功的条件之一。
Her parents allowed her to go,but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
她的父母准许她去，但是有一个条件，那就是她在午夜以前回家。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
You should on no condition visit that place.
你绝不能去那个地方。
（2）The condition of my health prevents me from working.
我的健康状况不允许我工作。
My car is old but in good condition.
我的车虽老，但状况良好。
He is not in a condition to make a long trip.
他的健康状况不佳，不适于长途旅行。
I can’t go climbing this summer;I’m out of condition.
今年夏天我不能去爬山，我的健康状况不佳。
v.
（1）He conditioned himself for the race.
他为赛跑而调整体能状态。
（2）I conditioned the dog to bark at strangers.
我训练这只狗对陌生人吠叫。
用法归纳
*condition可以用作动词和名词。主要义项有：条件；状况；状态；决定；调整状态。用作名词表示“条件”时可以构成以下短语：on condition that在……条件下；on this/that/no/what condition在这种（那种，没有的，什么）条件下。表示“状况”时可以构成的短语有：in good condition情况良好；in/out of condition健康状况良好（不佳）。
特别提示
注意比较相似词语：situation形势，局势；state状态（Matter has three states.）；surroundings环境
2.intend
例句集锦
v.
（1）What do you intend doing/to do today?
你今天打算做什么？
He intends to study abroad next year.
他打算明年到国外留学。
He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算让儿子经营公司。
He intends that the plan should be put into practice within a year.
=He intends the plan to be put into practice with in a year.
他们打算在本年内实行该计划。
The two sides had intended to make peace,but something unusual happened.
双方原打算讲和，但发生了一件不寻常的事。
（2）This book was intended for you,but he took it away.
这本书是要给你的，但让他拿走了。
This dictionary is intended for children.
这本词典是给小孩用的。
This was intended to be a picture of a cat.
这幅画原本是要画猫的。
用法归纳
*intend用作动词，主要有“意欲；打算” “原本是要……；原意要……（常用于被动语态）”等义项。主要用法有：intend to do； intend sb.to do； intend that...；be intended for/as;be intended to do。
特别提示
intend to do和mean to do有相同的用法。I’ve made a mistake,though I didn’t intend to/ mean to.我出错了，虽然我不愿意。
3.suffer
例句集锦
v.
（1）The injured man was still suffering.
那个受伤的男人还在受着折磨。
His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
他的健康因豪饮而严重受损。
His business suffered while he was ill.
在他患病期间他的生意不太好。
（2）The village is suffering from depopulation.
那个村庄正为人口减少而苦恼。
He is suffering from a bad cold.
他在患重感冒。
（3）The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
那个城市因地震而遭受严重破坏。
（4）I’ll suffer this insult no longer.
我不会再忍受这种侮辱了。
用法归纳
*suffer用作动词（vt.＆ vi.），主要义项有：受苦；患病；遭受；忍受等。表示“因……而遭罪，患……病”时，使用suffer from短语。
4.operate
例句集锦
v.
（1）Can you operate this computer?
你会操作这部电脑吗？
（2）This sewing machine doesn’t operate properly.
这台缝纫机无法正常工作。
（3）The sleeping pill operated at once.
那安眠药马上见效。
The new law doesn’t operate to our advantage.
新法律对我们没有益处。
（4）The company operates ten factories.
那家公司经营10个工厂。
The business operates in various countries.
那家企业在许多国家都设有机构。
（5）The surgeon decided to operate on her.
医生决定给她动手术。
用法归纳
*operate用作动词（vt.& vi.），主要义项有：运转；操作；起作用；经营；管理；动手术。名词operation手术，操作；operator 操作员，接线员。
特别提示
operate在表示“操作；管理；经营”时，为及物动词，同义词有：run,manage等；表示“手术”时为不及物动词，跟宾语时需使用介词on。
●重点短语
1.go against
例句集锦
But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.
如果违背自然规律，不按农时耕作，就会事倍功半。
Don’t go against your father.
不要反对你的父亲。
The war is going against them.
战争对他们不利。
It goes against my interests.
这与我的利益相反。
相关归纳
（1）go ahead 进步；前进；可以
He is going ahead fast.他进步很快。
-May I start now? 我可以动身吗？
-Yes,go ahead.是的，动身吧。
（2）go away离开；走开
Did you go away or stay at home in the vacation?
假期你是在家还是外出了？
I’ve had enough of your nonsense.Go away!
我已经听够你的胡言乱语了，走开！
（3）go by走过；时间流逝
A car went by（us）at full speed.
一辆车以全速驶过（我们身旁）。
Several years went by before we met again.
我们过了好多年才再见面。
（4）go down 下降；落下；平静下来
He went down and brought a newspaper.
他下去买了一份报纸。
The sun is going down.
太阳正在落山。
The cost of living has gone down.
生活费用下降了。
The wind has gone down a little.
风势减弱了。
（5）go in for从事；参加
He goes in for sports every day.
他每天都从事体育锻炼。
（6）go off离去；进展；变坏；熄掉
She got angry and went off.
她生气而离开。
The meeting went off very well.
会议进展很顺利。
The milk has gone off.
牛奶变质了。
The lights went off at eight and came on again at ten.
电灯8点熄了，10点又亮了起来。
（7）go over 调查；复习
I went over the figure twice,but reached the same total.
我把数字检查了两次，两次的总数都一样。
She went over the lines time and again.
她反复练习那台词。
（8）go through经过；经历；调查
The Bill didn’t go through.
议案未被通过。
The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.
那可怜的少女自从父母去世后经历了许多痛苦。
She went through the room but couldn’t find the missing ring.
她搜遍了整个房间还是找不到丢失的戒指。
特别提示
注意go还可以用作连系动词，构成短语：go bad“变质”;go hungry“挨饿”;go mad“发疯”。
2.make fun of
例句集锦
They made fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
他们取笑她因为她穿着如此怪异的衣服。
Please don’t make fun of me when I am not feeling well.
我心情不好时请不要跟我开玩笑。
相关归纳
（1）make use of利用=make the best of
To make as much use of the land as possible,two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
为了充分利用土地，在有条件的地方，每年种植两季以上的庄稼。
Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技艺高超的艺术家利用丰富多彩的口语，创造出连绵不绝的乐趣。
You should make use of this chance.
你应该好好利用这次机会。
（2）make sure of弄准确
Will you make sure of his return?
=Will you make sure that he returned?
请你查明他是否真的回来了，好吗？
3.look on...as
例句集锦
I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我决定把整个事件看成一个大笑话。
I look on her as a promising pianist.
我认为她是一个很有前途的钢琴家。
Do you look on him as an authority on the subject?
你认为他是这方面的权威吗？
相关归纳
（1）look on旁观
Two men were fighting while people looked on.
两个人在打架，但大家都袖手旁观。
（2）look forward to希望；盼望（to为介词）
They were looking forward to the summer vacation.
他们正盼望着暑假来临。
I’m looking forward to seeing you.我盼望见到你。
（3）look into往里看；调查
When I returned,he was looking into the room.
我回来时他正在往房间里看。
The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.
委员会正在调查这次事故的原因。
（4）look over瞭望；越过……看；检查
A strange man was looking over the wall.
一个陌生人正在向围墙里面瞭望。
The secretary looked over the letters quickly.
那秘书很快地把那些信检查了一遍。
（5）look through浏览；审查
I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop.
我在美容院翻阅了几本杂志。
I have to look through my notebooks for the exam.
为了考试我必须把笔记复习一遍。
特别提示
同义词组：think of...as...；regard...as...；treat...as...
4.stand for
例句集锦
“G”stands for“genetically”from the word“genes”.
G代表“基因”，源自“genes”一词。
GNP stands for gross national product.
GNP代表国民生产总值。
相关归纳
（1）stand alone孤立；卓越
She stands alone among her classmates.
她同班同学中没有人能跟她相比。
（2）stand by 站在一边；旁观；支持
Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.
请记住，无论如何，我都会拥护你。
（3）stand out突出；引人注目；杰出
The hat stood out because of its strange shape.
那顶帽子因造型奇特而引人注目。
They were all attractive,but she stood out from the others.
她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。
特别提示
此处的“代表”为“表示……意思”。如要表示“代表某人做某事”要使用on behalf of。
●必背句型
1.并列和伴随
教材原句
（1）并列谓语
He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
他收集信息加以研究，进行试验，学习农民的经验。
I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldn’t drive off.
我骑到他前面，下了车，把车放在汽车前面，让他无法走开。
The way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.
人的站姿、抱臂方式和手势也会告诉我们他或她的想法。
Visitors can also learn about coral and sharks at Dolphin University, look at the winged beauties in the Butterfly House, or admire the two giant pandas.
游客可以在海豚大学了解珊瑚和鲨鱼，在蝴蝶馆看这些带翅膀的美丽生物，还能观赏大熊猫（安安和佳佳）。
（2）并列状语
We can use a smile to apologize,to greet someone,to ask for help or to start a conversation.
我们可以利用微笑来道歉，打招呼，求助和搭话。
The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
表演者通过取笑别人的穿着方式、讲述有趣的故事，引我们发笑。
（3）并列主语
You can feel what it is like to live in space,walk on the ocean floor or ski with polar bears at the North Pole.
你可以体验太空生活、洋底走路、与北极熊一起滑雪。
（4）伴随状语
A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedians’ words.
过了几分钟，大家都静下来，听着台词陷入沉思。
Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.
许多人来到主题公园寻求刺激和娱乐。
特别提示
并列成分表示几个动作接连发生，有先后顺序，并列成分的形式要一致；伴随状语则表示伴随动作和谓语动作同时发生。
补充例句
Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.
突然一个驾着金黄色马车的高个子男人抓住那个女孩，把她带走，消失在树林中。（第一处为并列谓语，第二处为伴随状语）
She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.
天一黑她就动身了并在一小时后到家。（并列谓语）
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
来访的部长对他的会谈表示满意，补充说他在这里很愉快。（伴随状语）
On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
星期六下午，格林太太到市场，买了些香蕉，然后又看望了她表妹。（并列谓语）
2.not...but...与not only...but also...
教材原句
（1）The roots of the vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.
蔬菜的根系不是种在泥土里，而是悬浮在含有生长所需的各种营养物质的水里。
Many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.
许多蔬菜不是种植在菜园里，而是生长在温室里。
（2）Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.
粮食生产固然重要，环保也很重要。
特别提示
not...but...表示“不是……而是……”的意思；not only...but also...的意思为“不仅……而且……”，当not only 位于句首时，该句应该使用倒装语序。当not...but...和not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近一致的原则。
补充例句
（1）She drives not carefully but slowly.
她开车不够仔细，但开得很慢。
He doesn’t ski but skates.
他不会滑雪但会溜冰。
He went not to help his father but to borrow money from him.
他不是去帮父亲的忙而是去向父亲借钱。
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work.
他考试不及格不是因为他不聪明而是因为他不用功。
（2）Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
不仅老师自己对足球感兴趣而且他所有的学生也开始对足球感兴趣了。
Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
踢足球不仅能使我们强壮，而且还能培养我们公平竞争和团队意识。
疑难突破
1.way,method,means
way可指一般的方法，也可指个人的或特殊的方法或方式。如：生活方式way of life。另外，当way作为先行词时，定语从句的引导词可以是in which也可以是that，也可以不用引导词。常用短语：in this way用这种方式；by the way顺便说；in a way在某种程度上；in no way决不；in the way妨碍某人；lose one’s way迷路；on the/one’s way在路上；make one’s way前进。
method指理论的或系统的方法。
means指具体的“方法、手段、工具”，其单复数形式相同。常用短语：by this means用这种方式；by all means无论如何；by means of以……方式；by no means一点也不。
应用
（1）I think this is the best ______ to deal with the waste.
（2）Now teaching the text is done in a very lively ______ in English classes.
（3）He introduced the Western ______ of teaching in class.
（4）Follow her ______ of cooking.
（5）Every possible ______ has/ All possible ______ have been adopted.
答案：（1）way （2）way （3）method （4）method （5）means;means
2.create,invent,discover,find,find out
create主要意思是“创造”，即产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可创造出新的具体事物。名词：creation创造；creator 创造者。
invent 主要意思是“发明”，也是产生出前所未有的东西，但其对象往往是物质性的。名词：invention发明；inventor发明者。
discover 主要意思是“发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们了解的东西，如元素、地域或客观规律等。名词：discovery发现；discoverer发现者。
find主要指发现、找到丢失的东西或人；“发现；看到；感到”。
find out “查明真相；弄清”，同义词为make sure。
应用
（1）The idea that God ______ the world is wrong.
（2）Thomas Edison______ the first small electric lamp.
（3）They never ______ how to open the box.
（4）I was surprised when I ______ you in the bus.
（5）Did you ______ the book you lost?
（6）Please ______ who broke into the house last night.
答案：（1）created （2）invented （3）discovered （4）found （5）find （6）find out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，28）We asked John and Jerry,but ______ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
A.either B.none C.both D.neither
剖析：本题考查代词的用法。前一句话已经说明了John and Jerry两个人，可据此排除表示三者的代词none；but为转折连词，所以后面应该使用表示否定意思的词。
答案：D
【例2】 （2005年春季北京，31）I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.______?
A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished
C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish
剖析：本题根据语境考查动词的时态和语态。第一句话说明的是现在的情况，只有现在完成时态才能强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果。从逻辑关系分析，此处用被动语态，表示“咖啡都（被）喝了吗？”的意思。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年上海,41）______ snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring
剖析：本题考查倒装句的用法。当not only位于句首时，其所引导的句子应该使用疑问句的语序。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年广西,29）When we plan our vacation,mother often offers______ suggestions.
A.careful B.practical C.effective D.acceptable
剖析：本题考查形容词的辨析。从句子的语境分析，此处用practical。本句话的意思为“每当我们作假期计划时，妈妈总是给我们提出很实际的建议”。
答案：B
