托福综合写作高效备考攻略
【简介】感谢网友“犀利哥_寂寞哥”参与投稿，下面是小编为大家整理的托福综合写作高效备考攻略（共6篇），仅供参考，喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!
篇1：托福综合写作高效备考攻略
托福综合写作高效备考攻略 先了解考试要求再做针对性提高
了解托福综合写作考试要求
我们先简单摘要综合作文题的题目要求中的若干重点信息。
lRead a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic写作考试前，考生需要阅读一篇250单词左右的文章和听一篇相同题材、类似长度的听力材料;
lA question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage考生需要书写一篇文章以说明该阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系;
lUse information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion考生在写作过程中应合理的使用听力和阅读材料中的信息并不得加入个人的意见和观点;
lBe judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content考生文章的优劣评判将基于其行文的质量和文章内容的完整和准确性。
从上述的题目要求中我们不难看出，综合类作文的考察要点在于总结归纳summarize和改写rewrite两个方面。所谓总结归纳的能力也就是说考察方希望考生能够在规定的时间内掌握一定长度和一定难度的阅读和听力材料中所涉及到的重点信息和论证结构;而所谓的改写能力则要求考生将两部分材料中的重点信息和论证方式用新的语言和结构系统进行展示和归纳。因此，要想将综合类作文完整并准确的完成，考生需要提高的也即使这两个方面的能力。
提升归纳总结能力是提升综合写作的关键
对于题目中给出的阅读和听力材料，特别是听力材料，考生需要在很短的时间内把握其重点信息和论证方法，这是综合写作的第一个难点。但由于涉及的题材都是一些学术的文章和报道，所以在归纳方面还是有一定的规律可循，考生如能掌握以下重点并多加练习，必能攻破这一难关。
首先，阅读的部分往往来源于一些学术类的文章，因此其内容和结构往往都有很好的逻辑性和完整性，往往文章的首句会提出文章的谈论背景和对象，并紧跟其后提出文章的主题，而接下来的文字则会围绕这个主题展开一些细节性的话题。同时，文章的最后一段也会有重点的观点和信息，也是考生重点要把握的部分。而在段落中间，一般情况下，学术类文章采取归纳式(先进行论证或举例子后总结观点)和讨论式(以主题句开头后面进行论证)的模式，同时考生应该要多注意表示转折、因果关系和总结性的连接词，把握了这些内容，对于考生掌握阅读材料的重点信息和结构有很大的帮助。
其次对于听力材料，这是综合类写作过程中的难点，但考生在已经理解了阅读材料的基础上，对于听力材料的主题就已经有了一定的把握，因此考生需要将听力的重点放在判断听力文章的观点和阅读文章的观点的比较上，是互相支持还是互相对立，支持或对立的观点分别用哪些论证手段和实例来证明。但是，由于听力材料不会再次出现，因此考生一定要在听力过程中过好笔记，记住关键性的句子和词语，为此朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生平时多做相关听力资料的听取和笔记练习。
注意把握文章整体的结构
在总结了听力和阅读材料的重点信息之后，如何能够将其相关性清晰并准确的表达出来，则是综合类作文写作成功的第二步，这里就涉及到如何能够使用具有较强逻辑性和完整的文章结构。对此，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生可以自己制定相关的写作思维模板，将文章如何分段及每一段具体表达哪些信息固定下来，并反复练习，这样既可以保证文章的质量，又可以在实际的考试过程中节约构思和思考的时间。
而在构建写作思维模板的时候，考生可以从以下几个方面去考虑：
l第一段需要将听力和阅读材料的核心内容展示出来并点明两者观点是否相互支持抑或者相互对立;
l第二段也即是主体段落可以分为几个小段，分别从各个不同的角度总结并得出两篇文字材料相互支持或者对立的证据;
l最后一段结尾段可总结一下主要的论证对象并重申两份材料对于该论证对象的主要看法，在这一段构思过程中一定要注意，切忌加入自己对这一问题的看法和观点。
l对于一些固定的表达，如“听力材料就某某问题主要从某个角度展开了论证”、“首先，对于阅读材料中提出的某某观点，在听力材料中用反例的方法提出了质疑”、“最后，对于阅读材料中的某一观点，听力材料通过几个方面的细化进行了支持性的论证”等等在写作过程中必用的表达，考生应该事先就做好准备，而不应该在考试时才去匆忙思考。
提高自己的英文改写能力
谈到综合类写作过程中的改写问题，主要有两个方面，单词的同义词改写和句子的语法结构以及同义表达改写。单词的改写包括同义词改写、词性改写，而句子的改写包括关系词、连接词的改写、词序的改写和分词的使用等等。对于这个部分的练习，需要考生在平时阅读英文文章的时候，多进行相关的总结和练习。而朗阁海外考试研究中心向考生推荐平时在做阅读和听力练习的时候，就可以关注材料和题目的相对信息，往往就是十分地道的改写方式，非常值得参考和借鉴。
托福考试作文独立写作范文：年长的人和同龄人的建议更有价值吗
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends in your same age.
试题分析：
是否新题：否
重复情况：北美-3-24考题
题材：社会类
观点： 同意
4月9日托福独立写作思路：
1. 家长会给我们提一些建议，他们教我们如何选择朋友，发现我们潜在的能力;
2. 老师会给我们提一些建议，帮助我们解决学习上的问题，指导我们进行职业规划;
3. 导师会给我们提一些建议，帮助我们培养工作技能，管理人际关系。
4月9日托福独立写作题目：
Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age. Do you agree or disagree ?从年长的朋友处得到的建议比从同龄的朋友处得到的建议更加有价值?(4月9日)
点睛：
题目大意：从年长的人获得建议要比从同龄人获得建议更有价值。此题目重复11月8日B卷原题，解题思路和老年人的建议有没有价值是一样的。波波建议选择同意，对advice 进行拆分，拆分成工作和教育两个角度，分别证明年长人的意见的价值。
范文参考一:
【首段】 背景介绍 + 争议焦点 + 作家立场
A close friend is what every individual longs after. After all, a day without friendship is like a day without sunshine. A true friend should be one from who we can resort to for help or get valuable suggestions when we are in time of adversity. People differ greatly in their views as to whether or not guidance and advice from older friends is superior to the counterparts from peers. As I see it, advice from elderly friends deserves more praises, although suggestions from our peers are never without their merits.
【二段】年长的朋友的建议的利好
For a start，rich life experience could be seen as a sort of precious wealth, including those bitter or frustrating experiences. Every individual grows up via experiencing failure or dilemma, one might，at times，feel puzzled，thereby，he or she needs advice and guidance from friends.
Under such circumstances, older friends could be our best teachers because they have accumulated a pool of life wisdom, thus, their advice could be precious life guidance. A survey is persuasive enough to justify my stand, the survey conducted by Vista, after consulting many people have found that most respondents claimed that compared with communicating with peers, they prefer to get advice from elderly friends, for their suggestions could help to diminish the likelihood of failure and avoid detours
【三段】年长的朋友的建议的利好
This debate reminds me of my Uncle Paul, who is a successful business leader. My uncle had studied in New Zealand for more than five years, so, he strongly recommended me to study abroad when facing with the option of studying at home or furthering my study in a foreign country. His suggestion was that a young man could become mature, tenacious and confident by personal struggle in an unfamiliar environment.
After listening to my uncle’s advice, I studied even harder during the process of self-improvement, I happily found that I can be more attentive and have more self-discipline. More importantly, I had a clear goal to fight for. It was the suggestion form my uncle that helps me to hardened my heart to study overseas. I had deliberately chosen to lead the life I desire, for the life wisdom learning from my uncle could be considered as a shortcut to success.
【四段】年轻朋友的建议也有利好
Indeed, I have to concede that suggestions from peers might still their merits to some extent. An argument hold by some people is that people of the similar age have a lot in common such as growth environment or educational background, in this sense, their communication could be more convincing.
Furthermore, some people might argue that the experiences of past bear little relevance to today’s life. What I want to rebut，however，is that youngster’s understanding about life is far from mature compared with those from older friends, after all, older friends are more far-sighted and wise.
【尾段】再次亮明观点
In closing, I re-affirm my conviction that guidance and suggestions from mature friends expert a far more profound and beneficial effect on one’s action.
写作参考二:
Since any individual, whether young or old, will encounter various problems and troubles throughout the whole life, it is certainly necessary to consult others for suggestions and solutions. Nowadays many young people hold that advice from their peers is usually more valuable than that from people of older age, because people at the same age are more likely to understand their situation. However, as far as I am concerned, it is a wise move to listen to the older people’s suggestions, because rich experience and profound knowledge accumulated by older people will offer us a proper guidance in many ways, especially in the aspects of receiving education and hunting for a job.
First of all, consider the educational issue. Obviously, students are constantly faced with various upcoming problems and puzzles in the course of furthering their study. As for high school students, the would-be undergraduates, how to successful apply for an ideal university and choose a promosing major usually matters a lot. In order to unravel the above puzzels, they had better consult those people of older age who will give advices such as passing TOEFL with top score and participating various extracurricular activities. In fact, the above experience is exclusive to those who have undergone the whole process of applying for university. Also, as newcomers entering college or universities, the freshmen are usually confronted with various troubles while embarking on the brandnew campus life. To be specific, some students from disadvantaged families may be concerned about how to gain scholarship from school. The sophermores and junior students are likely to provide practical instructions instead of their classmates.
Furthermore, the same logic can apply to job-hunting. After leaving schools, graduates will enter the highly competitive job market. Due to the lack of knowledge of the real working environment, they are in great need of instructions and suggestions from senior employees. To be specific, senior employees can hold a interview training, in which students will be informed of how to dress up, how to write a resume and how to respond to the questions from interviewers. Also, the skills of communicating efficiently with the employers and the ability to get along well with co-workers will be imparted to potential employees. On the contrary, people at the same age with us are also still feel confused about how to seek an ideal job, thus reducing the value of the suggestion given by them.
Admittedly, the generation gap between us and people of older age may poses an obstruction to communication between them. However, the above claim is far from the truth. With the improvement of educational background on the part of the elder, they are able to guide yongsters in a more acceptable way and thus the gap between the younger and the older can be well bridged.
In conclusion, the advice from the elder is of greater value than that from the peers, especially when we meet problems in education and career.
写作参考三:
Whenever people have some difficult problems that seem to be insurmountable, tend to seek advice or suggestions from others around them. In my opinion, advice is better obtained from people who are older than you, such as parents, teachers and supervisors.
To start with, many people have the experience that a loving parent gives them much needed advice. For example, when children still young and immature, parents can help them choose suitable friends because they are better able to judge people's personalities. Also as the first teachers who observe you on a daily basis, parents can easily discover children's potential talents and give them appropriate advice for improvement.
Similarly, an effective teacher is a good source of advice for his or her students. With the increasing workload for students in modern education, it is natural that most of them have a number of academic problems, and no one is better than a qualified and dedicated teacher to help them solve them. More importantly, when students are confused about choosing jobs upon graduation, teachers can give proper guidance for their future career development.
Finally, for ordinary workers, a good supervisor can be relied on for advice. In most situations, a supervisor is older or much older than their subordinates and , therefore, has gathered more experience both in work and life. As a matter of fact, their suggestions can often help you develop your work skills. And as a senior leader, they can teach you how to manage interpersonal relationships.
In conclusion , older people' s advice , whether they you are your parents , teachers or supervisors , is more valuable because they are more knowledgeable , experienced and mature.
篇2：托福综合写作备考攻略
托福综合写作备考攻略丨了解考察要点与注意事项
一.托福综合写作考察内容与目的
在托福综合写作的考试中，需要同学们先用三分钟阅读一段文章，再听一段两分钟左右的lecture，根据两者的观点写一篇150-225字的作文。很多同学在复习综合部分的时候更多的精力会放在听力部分，而且有些老师在讲综合写作的时候也是更强调听力部分的内容要多写一些，但是大家往往都忽略了一个本质上的问题，综合写作是放在写作版块进行评分的，也就是说考的核心和重点应该是怎么写好一篇文章上，而不是怎么阅读或者听懂。因此，今天我会从本质着手，给大家剖析一下综合写作的高分究竟应该注重什么。
首先，我们需要搞明白综合写作的出题背景是什么，为什么以这样的形式考写作。实际上，综合是模拟了大家出国之后学习上会遇到的内容，那就是上课听教授的讲授，下课了教授会布置相关内容的论文或者书籍(通常是从不同角度来探讨的同一个话题)让学生们去看，然后以此来写一篇小论文。
二.托福综合写作注意事项
1. 综合的阅读部分是一定不能照原文抄的，甚至只改词不改句子的改写都应该避免，这样会被认为是抄袭。因为看了别人的东西，需要自己对其进行总结而不是照搬。
2. 阅读跟听力的部分一定是相关的，观点不一定是完全对立，很多情况下只是从不同角度对一个问题进行了探讨，各自陈述了各自的理由而已，所以我们在写文章的时候也尽量的要把重点放在各自的论据怎么证明了各自的论点，从而证明了自己的观点上，而不要一味地强求双方的对立。
上文中为大家整理了托福综合写作的备考攻略，希望对大家备考有帮助。综合写作备考除了要了解考察目的外，还要了解写作的注意事项，比如不能抄袭原文，阅读和听力相关等等。这些能帮助大家更好地把握综合写作的备考要点。
托福写作范文：Do you support or oppose the factory
A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.
范文：
New factories often bring many good things to a community, such as jobs and increased prosperity. However, in my opinion, the benefits of having a factory are outweighed by the risks. That is why I oppose the plan to build a factory near my community.
I believe that this city would be harmed by a large factory. In particular, a factory would destroy the quality of the air and water in town. Factories bring smog and pollution. In the long run, the environment will be hurt and people's health will be affected. Having a factory is not worth that rise.
Of course, more jobs will be created by the factory. Our population will grow. To accommodate more workers, more homes and stores will be needed. Do we really want this much growth, so fast? If our town is going in growth, I would prefer slow growth with good planning. I don't want to see rows of cheaply constructed townhouses. Our quality of life must be considered.
I believe that this growth will change our city too much. I love my hometown because it is a safe, small town. It is also easy to travel here. If we must expand to hold new citizens, the small-town feel will be gone. I mould miss that greatly.
A factory would be helpful in some ways. However, I feel that the dangers are greater than the benefits. I cannot support a plan to build a factory here, and hope that others feel the same way.
托福写作：Parents are the best teachers
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
范文
Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives; however, they are not always the best teachers.
Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children though the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a child's freedom in the name of safety. A teacher might see a trip to a big city as a valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent.
Another problem is that parents may expect their hildren's interests to be similar to their own. They can't seem to separate from their children in their mind. If they love science, they may try to force their child to love science too. But what if their child's true love is art, or writing , or car repair?
Parents are usually eager to pass on their value to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always rights. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, can't keep up with rapid social or technology changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that her parents don't really understand or value the digital revolution. Sometimes kids have to find their own ways to what they believe in.
The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our teachers teach us, and our peers teach us. Books and newspapers and television also teach us. All of them are valuable.
篇3：托福口语高效备考攻略
考生说话要有感染力，你所说话能给别人带去一种什么样的感情，要是总是一个语调说话，跟机器人没有什么区别。
托福口语高效备考攻略就为大家介绍到这里，其实托福口语主要考察大家的口语表达能力和总结归纳能力，所以大家在平时练习中要学会创造语言环境，根据口语考试要求来练习。
托福口语范文：保证顾客忠诚度
最新托福口语题目：保证顾客忠诚度
Task 6
范例
商科讲座，介绍两种bonds，如何带来loyal customers，保证顾客忠诚度。第一种personal/social bond，和商人的个人关系，举例在理发店沙龙里，个人发型师和客人聊天，客人觉得他们很nice，所以就想常来。第二种business/financial bond，定期打折吸引顾客购买特定产品，如打印纸和回形针，一个公司会给客人10%折扣，客人更愿意来。
托福口语模板及托福口语真题参考答案范文:
托福口语范文:
Businesses develop loyal customers by establishing bonds and connections with their clients. The professor introduces two types of bonds. One is called personal/social bond, which is formed between the employees and the clients on an individual level, like, in a hair salon, the stylists would often chat with customers, asking about their interest, so the customers would feel that they are really nice and feel like they are having a personal friendly relationship, so that they may want to frequent the salon a lot. The other type of bond is called business/financial bond that a company uses to attract customers to buy certain products or services by offering them special discounts or benefits, say, a company that gives customers 10% off to sell printing papers and clips. In this way, the company attracts more customers to buy their goods.
托福口语范文：教授取消工程师教程
20最新托福口语题目：教授取消工程师教程
Task 3
题目
教授准备取消engineer tutorials，因找不到volunteer，学生看起来也没有提升，男生说可以让phd去做tutor，他们qualified，正好他们每学期也必须要做一次tutorial。他俩都觉得很有用，尤其工程课上的阅读部分。
托福口语模板及托福口语真题参考答案范文:
托福口语范文:
The professor plans to discontinue the engineering tutorials for lack of volunteers and no clear evidence for improvements from the students. The boy disagrees with the proposal as he thinks that PhD students are qualified enough to be the tutors, and they gotta have the tutorial this semester, which could be helpful to the students, especially for the reading section in the engineering class.
托福口语范文：动物群比单只动物能找到更多食物
年最新托福口语题目：动物群比单只动物能找到更多食物
Task 4
题目
vigilance 只有一只动物的时候他花在观察predator的时间长，觅食的东西就少，一群动物的话就可以找到更多吃的，举的例子是一种黑色猴子
托福口语模板及托福口语真题参考答案范文:
托福口语范文:
Vigilance refers to the ability to maintain attention and alertness over prolonged periods of time. The professor talks about a kind of black monkey. If there’s only one monkey, it would spend a lot of time observing the predators and much less time finding food; if there are a whole bunch of monkeys, then they would find more food to survive.
篇4：高效备考托福口语攻略
目录：
口语评分标准中隐藏的三大提分关键点
熟悉language use，快速Get提分技巧
常用词汇如何地道表达?这招百试百灵
1、口语评分标准中隐藏的三大提分关键点
①delivery(Fluency流利性与连贯性)
这一评分标准中，考官着重关注：
考生能否流利连续地说，还是需要放慢语速才能继续说下去?
语句前后要有一定的逻辑
能够一直紧密围绕着话题讲
是否有长难句的表达
②Language Use:
在Language Use部分我们中国学生往往要注意对单词运用是否自然，准确以及合适程度?
是否能够始终用丰富的词汇表达各种意思?
③Topic Development:
难点：怎么样一层一层的筛选信息，找到有用的信息?
这里想提醒大家，在说前两个口语topic的时候切忌说了一大堆理论化的理由，但没有一个是展开细节来支持的，这会让ETS觉得你的argument不够strong。
一般来说结构采用：What to say+How to say
针对提分，你需要做的是：
词语可以少量出现重复或者自我更正和简单，可以使用一些不同的连接词，但要有一定的逻辑，要去交流而且尝试使用长难句，在理解语句时一定要找到有用的关键词。学生在理解评分标准之后再有意识的训练会有效改善之前在此方面存在的问题。
2、熟悉language use，快速Get提分技巧
两种语言体系必然会造成两种语言逻辑，中国人和美国人的思维在事情的轻重、空间、方位就大相径庭，所以考生要学会美式语言逻辑。
在托福口语考试中，当你顺畅自如地蹦出一句考官熟悉的谚语，绝对会让考官眼前一亮。例如：
Your school is planning to ban library computers from accessing social media websites.do you agree or disagree with such a plan ?
看关键词以及相关的信息，例如看到social media一定要了解whatchat\\facebook等，以及自己的回答Agree：time-consuming、scandal、privacy、invasion、Cyber bullying\\Disagree:well-informed\\rights\\social lifeschool:academic performance\\versatile\\restrain\\marketing\\
注意：在口语考试中，看到问题，要遵从以下几点：
一定要先找key words
再根据每个key word 连成句子
在按照问的问题进行语言汇总
3、常用词汇如何地道表达?
有时可用连接词进行连接语句，例如：and将两个同义词连接，这样既可强调要表达的意思，又可延长一倍的时间。多用习语，口语词，谚语词，gonna，wanna，thatal = that will，有的词读的短而快，有些则长而慢，注意语音语调的变换。
换同义词。例如：And more importantly\\what’s worse
例如：在Lexical group这样一种话题下：(加粗字体为美国谚语、重点词语)
I’m definitely a musical person, specially jazz is right up my alley. I did’t use to like the rhythm and beats, however it’s been growing on me since I went to this last gig in a small bar down the street, where there are often famous musicians coming to perform. They are quite different from the manufactured.....
口语回答方式及策略
独立口语
独立口语作为中国考生最纠结的题目之一，很多同学在练习上并没有养成太好的习惯，过分依赖于“写”思路而不是“练”嘴巴。口语更为重要的是明确高质量的练习目标及养成练好表达习惯。除此之外，积累好的口语素材和语料也是备考阶段最重要的方式，保证能够在单位时间呢更好的提高自己的流利度、准确性和表达效率。
1、拆题
独立口语是半开放式问题，也就是你可以加入主观的信息，但与第一题不一样的地方在于该主观信息不是描述性的，而是选择性的，也就是说你会在是否或者AB中选择其一，并且说明为什么要这么选。
例如：
a. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your answer. All children should be required to learn a second language in school. (是否型)
b. Some people enjoy taking risks and trying new things. Others are not adventurous: they are cautious and prefer to avoid danger. Which behavior do you think is better? Explain why.(AB型)
2、切入点
第二题准备时间与改革前第一题一样，也是15秒。思考的时候，快速定下方向(3秒)，最好分为两点理由，并写下每个理由的关键词。理由一定要有具体的例子作为支撑，素材可以是经历过的事情，也可以读过的故事或新闻。思考理由的时候一定要充分brainstorm(头脑风暴)，可以从stakeholder(利益方)的角度出发，做出合理的分析。
比如例a中，涉及到的利益方就是两个，学生和学校，假设我选择“同意”，那就想想第二外语对学生的好处是什么，对学校的好处又是什么?
笔记应该就是这样的：
A(表示同意，Agree的首字母)
1. practical skill
2. jobs
3、练习策略
考前，TPO口语都需要写下思路，前期练习需要每题都完整录音45秒，自己纠音，纠错，直到没有明显错误为止。熟练以后，可以只列提纲，知道该类问题怎么回答就可以，要学会举一反三，很多语料和例子可以用于不同的题目中，要灵活。
综合口语1
1、拆题
综合口语第1题，属于复述类的题目，围绕校园生活的各种场景展开。先会让你用45秒左右读一段文章，通常就是学校的新政策、学生活动、课程作业之类的一些变革;之后你会听到一段对话，两个学生就开始讨论阅读中的这个变革，此时某一个学生会发表自己对此事的观点，并给出两点理由。之后考生会有30秒的准备时间，和60秒的作答时间。
例如：
TPO 7-3：阅读中的信息为“学校即将中断雕塑课，原因是选课学生太少且雕塑教授即将退休”;听力中对话主角表示这样做不好，理由是“首先学校必修课要求太多，根本没时间学雕塑，其实大家对这个还挺感兴趣的;其次学校可以招兼职教授，或者直接让艺术部门其他老师兼职教雕塑”
问题：The woman expresses her opinion of the university’s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
2、切入点
这类题目属于复述类，也就是说不需要加入个人想法，尽可能把阅读和听力的主要观点重复出来就好。回答的主要内容就是说明该变革是什么，为什么这样做，学生的观点的什么，两点理由分别是怎么说的。需要注意的是，阅读的理由简单提及就好，重点放在听力对话者的观点和理由。
例题笔记如下：
C：discontinue sculpture courses
R1: lack student. no time
R2: retiring. part-time
3、练习策略
复述类的题目就是考察考生提取信息并把它表达出来的能力，所以一定要注意抓阅读和听力的主干，回答过程尽可能用原词，且注意好时间，比较合理的时间分配是前17秒阐述变革，剩43秒左右陈述对话的观点和理由。不练到口吐白沫，就当自己是裸考咯。
4、答题要点
1. 本题主要考察快递、阅读校园通知或学生建议等非学术型文字内容并进行简要的口头陈述的能力。
2. 阅读部分需要45秒-50秒内快速抓住文章体裁和主旨(可以通过文章标题或文章前2-3句话进行定位)，之后，需要概括阅读部分的2个原因(可以通过序数词、连词等进行定位)。
3. 听力部分需抓住主角观点及内容进行笔迹记录，大部分同学可只记主角(部分能力较好的同学可以适当补充配角信息)，保证笔记内容与原文复述尽量意思一致，并且按照合理的结构限时回答问题。
综合口语2
1、拆题
托福综合口语第二题属于学术类的复述题，复述学术词汇和学科讲座场景展开，和第三题一样，先读后听，抽出关键信息再复述。首先会有用45秒左右的时间完成一篇小阅读，内容主要涉及人文，社会科学和自然科学的某个学术名词(term)，接下来会有一个2分钟左右的演讲针对这个term给出具体的例子。之后30秒准备，60秒答题。
例如：
TPO 1-4：阅读解释的名词叫做“groupthink”(群体思考)，定义为个体趋向于与团队中他人保持一致，以此获得他人的喜爱，或者出于不想耽误大家时间的目的，尽管有时结果不佳。听力中，教授举了个人的例子，讲了曾经发生在实习的电脑公司的一个故事。
问题：Explain groupthink and its effects using example of the computer company.
2、切入点
由于阅读和听力的信息量远远超过了答题60秒的时间范围，所以在准备期间的最主要工作就是把关键信息提取出来，舍去旁枝末节。首先名词的定义一定要阐明，接下来在举例子的过程一样要体现故事发展的脉络和清晰的人物关系，包含具体的细节。
3、练习策略
学术类的话题首先要搞定的就是单词，相比于开放式和生活类的题目，第四题涉及的东西相对比较专业， 所以要按照科目把相关单词搞的滚瓜烂熟，这样就可以迅速在阅读和听力过程中抓到考点。另外，答题的重点放在例子的描述，前面的定义只占到15秒左右，之后45秒都用来“讲故事”，为了保证故事完整，前面无用的细节一定要删掉。不练到口吐白沫，就当自己是裸考吧!
4、答题要点
1. 本题主要考察学生对于学术类名词、长难句的理解能力和单位时间内的语言概括能力。
2. 阅读部分需要在45秒-50秒内快速抓住对于文章标题的解释或描述(可以通过部分解释或描述信号词进行定位)
3. 听力部分需抓住具体例子内容进行笔迹记录，可以通过教授在叙述例子过程中所使用的连词或时间点进行相应顺序的记录。保证笔记内容与原文复述尽量意思一致，并且按照合理的结构限时回答问题。
综合口语3
1、拆题
托福综合口语第三题，围绕学术词汇和学科讲座场景展开，相当于听力中lecture的mini版。形式与改革前第五题相似，首先听一个90-150秒的课堂片断，准备20秒，回答60秒;内容与第四题相似，同样和学术相关。听力片段一般也会描述一个学术概念，然后举两个相关的例子。
例子：
TPO 8-6：听力中阐述了经济学中给一个产品定初始价格的两种策略。策略一是先定的很高，之后降价，这样的好处在于可以打造高质量的产品形象，并在前期获利，比如一些高科技产品;策略二是先把价格定的较低，来打压竞争者，举了个电脑公司的例子。
问题：Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain the two pricing strategies described by the professor.
2、切入点
本题目的难点一在于听力，不像第四题，没有了阅读部分的预判，考生需要通过听lecture的前几句话来迅速判定讲课的主旨，且涉及学术，因此需要把学科类单词全部变成听力有效词汇;难点二在于取舍，听力时间远大于答题时间，所以一定要删掉不必要信息，把听力中精华挑出来，所谓精华就是定义和例子的关键词，并列的信息挑选一二就可以。
3、练习策略
一个好的回答除了避免低级语法错误，且发音标准之外，要做到抑扬顿挫，有急有缓，要是再加上一点点恰当的语气那就更完美啦。要达到以上标准，策略和示范Ivy老师已经在该系列六篇文章中告诉大家啦，若是大家都能按照这些技巧每天练到“口吐白沫”，坚持2个月，那么你离口语满分已经不远啦。
4、答题要点
1. 本题主要考察学生对于学术类名词、长难句的理解能力和单位时间内的语言概括能力。
2. 题目整体与改革前task4并无太大差异，同样要求考生先对于文章前面出现的学术类专有名词进行定位和理解，然后再分别与其相关的2个小论点和例子。
答题技巧
引申具体事件的抽象概念
真题举例：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Some people want to change their appearance, even by surgery.
是否同意通过手术改变外表。这道题最直接的解读就是：你是否同意做整形手术改善外表。但与其说在讨论“整容手术”，不如说是在讨论“一个好的外表值不值得”。因此，从“整容”这件具体的事，我们可以引申为对“外表”这一抽象概念的判断。
很多时候，题目给出的具体实例会限制考生们的思考。但好在这些比较现代化的观点往往在现实中毁誉参半没有定论，所以小伙伴们完全可以将具体事件延伸成对一个抽象的概念的态度，好让自己有更多地发挥余地。之后再分析好利害关系，这样同意与否都合理。
针对这道题，我们可以说外表的提升能带来很多好处，例如让人自信、有利于发展爱情等。也可以说只关注外表不好，比如太过于浅薄、要接受非议等。
教育话题立足于本质
口语常变着花样的问教育类的问题，比如你觉得家长限制孩子社交媒体的使用好不好?或者让青少年多参加集体运动好不好?不管是说网瘾还是说社交，最后都能跟教育扯上关系。
真题举例：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Parents should have control over their children on using social media.
是否同意：家长应该限制孩子们使用社交媒体
很多小伙伴们在作答时会首先考虑到社交媒体的优劣再展开叙述，但是忘了这本质是道教育类的题目。
遇到这类题，不管谈的是什么，归根结底是要从“孩子”、“家长”、“老师or学校”三方面中的某一点展开，而不能只谈题干中的行为。
例如这道题，我们可以同意家长的观点，理由自然是社交媒体的弊端。但需要注意的是，我们要把“社交媒体”与它的对象“孩子”联系起来，针对性的说社交媒体对于孩子的负面影响。此后，再叙述家长对于这种影响的遏制。
设定场景做选择
真题举例：
Which job do you prefer: a job with high salary but requires you to work long hours, even on weekends, or a job with low salary but does not require you to work overtime?
你更喜欢哪一份工作：一份薪水高但要求你长时间工作，甚至周末也要工作，还是一份薪水低但不要求你加班的工作?
这种题我们之前说过，两边都不好选，选谁都有理，选谁都吃亏。这种场景下，我们可以设定一个具体的场景，在场景中对自己的选择做出合理解释。例如，一个年轻人时间比较宽裕，而且生活支出较高，他就需要选择第一份工作。
怎么提高口语发音?
边听录音边做标记
(录音材料推荐大家使用官方真题Official中的task5)
第一遍 感受录音的语音、语调。不要读出声音来，只要静静地听、仔细地感受就可以了。
第二遍 标记单词的重音(word stress)，把耳朵听到的每个单词的重音标在录音材料原文上。
第三遍 标记所有单词与单词之间的连读。
第四遍 标记句子的升调、降调，要体会不同的句型所使用的语调的变化。
第五遍 标记句中的弱化，某一个音读得比较轻，甚至都感觉不到，这个音就是被弱化了。
认真模仿关注细节
模仿大致可以分为两个阶段：
句子的模仿。先一句话一句话模仿，把每一个句子的语音语调模仿到位，关注到每个细节。
段落的模仿。把单个句子模仿好之后，就可以把一段话连起来了，模仿时要特别注意句子与句子之间的衔接。
开口朗读加深记忆
从发音原理来讲，英语和汉语的音节组合方式大不相同，发音方式也有很大区别。中国人的发音器官实际上并不熟悉或是不适应英语发音方式，大量的朗读练习实际上是在训练发音部位，让发音器官的肌肉适应英语的发音体系。光是大量朗读是不够的，还需要练习记忆，在朗读的时候脑袋里要在播放听过的录音材料。
经过前两步之后，录音材料已经深深印在学习者的脑海里了，朗读时就可以跟着脑海里浮现的声音一起进行了。不需要再听录音材料，也不要把录音上的声音彻底扔到脑后，按自己原来习惯的方式进行朗读。
反复模仿终成正果
如果觉得自己的朗读和录音的确有差距，没有读出录音上的那种味道，就要返回去再听听录音材料，找其中的原因，做对比研究，看哪些地方不太像，再按第一步的方法标记一次。返回去听录音材料找到差距后，就要努力再进行模仿，这样循环往复一直到满意为止。
通过上述几个方法，大家口语中存在的语音语调问题就能得到比较好的改善提升了，在此基础之上考生只要在做好口语内容方面的针对性准备，拿到理想的托福口语分数就指日可待了。
根据不同起点分数，做针对性训练
起点分数在16分以下的同学：主要的问题还是在基础不够扎实上。对于听力材料中词汇和表达的处理速度过慢，影响了全篇的理解。
给这个阶段的同学的建议是：先拿短语篇来做逐句精听，打好听力基础。短语篇可以选择老托福的93篇，科学美国人SSS，也可以选择TPO真题当中的对话理解，这些总时长在3分钟以内的音频都是很好的素材。
逐句精听之后，及时做一个梳理对比，把原文中没有被听出来的信息做一下分析，看看是词汇不认识还是语音现象的问题。如果是词汇问题就做个积累，记下来多读多背几次;如果是语音现象问题，就到对应的出处多听几次。精听完了之后再做一遍看稿跟读，模仿语音语调语速。
起点分数在16-23分的同学：主要的问题是对于长句子和具体细节层次的处理速度过慢。全文能听懂梗概和框架，但是细节含混不清。
给这个阶段的同学的建议是：用长语篇来做复述和听译练习，提高对于语篇中细节层次的理解准确度和详细程度。长语篇在选材上选取TPO真题中的学术讲座即可。
复述练习是听英文说英文，而听译练习是听英文说中文。两个不同的练习达成的目标有所不同。复述练习可以训练提高对所听信息还原的准确度，可以运用在综合口语或者综合写作的听力训练中。听译练习可以训练提高听力分项中学术讲座的长句子信息的理解速度。以上两种练习方式都可以循序渐进地先从小切片开始，比如每个句子为单位进行复述或者听译，然后逐步扩大到每1分钟左右为单位，甚至是每2分钟左右为单位来练习。在这个过程中可以同时训练自己记笔记的速度和整理加工信息的能力。
起点分数在24分以上的同学：主要的问题是在细节上会有一些信息的遗漏。但是考试所考到的细节都是关键细节，所以出现细节的遗漏主要还是因为对于考点的预判不够准确。一定要多关注语篇的整体篇章结构和内容展开的过程，要训练自己对考点的预判能力。
给这个阶段的同学的建议是：按照不同的学科来分组梳理语篇结构(相同学科的文章结构特点往往是类似的)，并做整篇的复述练习。通过比对原文之后，分析判断所遗漏的信息是否为考点或者与原文中心思想密切相关的内容，来进一步加深对信息重要性的判断。
此外，如果想提高自己对于语速的适应能力，可以在平时训练TPO真题的时候将语速调整为1.2倍(主要是TPO30以前的素材)，这样在考试的时候会有更多时间思考和反应，并及时对考点进行预判。
篇5：高效备考托福口语攻略
托福口语真的太难提升了，稍微介绍一下我的口语提升之路。
虽然最后一次托福考试我成功上了110，但口语是回避不了的弱项。
为了口语可以上25.当初的复习真的是不择手段。
但大家也不用担心啦，口语还是有很大的提升空间的~~
大部分中国学生都是常年的应试教育，哑巴英语，能开口说就不容易了，更何况需要我们去侃侃而谈。
想要托福口语过得去，我们得知道考什么呀?
考察我们口语能力(Task 1和Task 2)，还有阅读和听力能力(Task 3—Task 6)。
如果我们的综合能力不行，在Task3-Task6不容易拿高分
那考官如何判定我们能不能拿高分呢?
首先口语考察我们三个方面的语言技能：
表达(包括发音和流利程度)、语言运用(包括语法和词汇)和主题展开(包括内容的组织和综合型题目中回答的完整程度)
每个评分人给每道题评分的范围都是0到4分。
在成绩单上，会收到口语考试各类题目的得分信息，但是这个评分信息是以四个单词的等级评估的：Weak、Limited、Fair、Good。
而对应的得分为：Weak(0-9)、Limited(10-17)、Fair(18-25)或Good(25-30)。
其中，第一题和第二题、第三题和第四题、第五题和第六题会分为三组得到如Limited, Good这样的反馈。
接下来，评分人在给每道题打完分数之后，所有打分的平均分会被加起来并转换为0到30分的标准。
那么不难看出，想要拿到25+的成绩，我们至少有两项的成绩要在Good的档位里面。
那具体的我们该怎么样提高我们的口语水平呢?
1. 尽量使用简单句结合复合句的表达
如果只用简单句，会显得我们的口语很单调。
如果只用复合句，你确定自己能记住么?
一味的使用简单句，那么也只能拿到2—3分的评分。想要跨过3分这道坎，我们需要多运用一些高级的句型。
尤其是在表达个人想法的时候，what引导的名词性从句就是一个非常不错的选择。
比如：What I think the man should do is…
2. 使用万能加分词：连接词
如果我们想要自己的句子连贯性比较好，可以使用连接词。
但是，千万不要频繁用and,划重点划重点划重点!!!!
首先and置于句首的用意很朦胧，还有，频繁用and就像中文里不停地用然后，然后，然后....
我们可以用，如：also、in addition及on top of that等。
如果两个观点间为对比关系，还可以加对比结构，如：in contrast等。
3.尽量运用词汇的替换
同义词转换不仅仅在阅读听力里重要，口语也是非常重要的!!
这是上高分的关键啊~~~
只是一味的重复阅读和听力里面的原文的话，最多只能拿到3分，即Fair的评分。
要知道，如果三分之二的评分只能在Fair档内，总分是很难突破25分的。
所以我们在总结出中心句的同时，对中心句进行一定的paraphrase。
例如，听力原文的对话为：“They come to class prepared and rested and they can concentrate.”
我们可以转化成：“They all come to seminars with good rests and preparation.”
托福口语模板的正确使用方法
1. 当太多人都去用同样的模板时，就会产生大家说的都是同样的内容，而使考官失去了新鲜感。
2. 很多考生在考前并没有做相对应的准备，所以造成很多时候考生拿着模板生搬硬套到一个题目上，导致题目与答案不相呼应的结果。
所以针对以上问题，为大家总结了托福口语模板的正确使用方法，希望大家能够注意：
首先托福口语模板要具有创新性，考生应根据不同的题目类型、题目内容来展现具有个性的模板化答案。我们可以看到，新托福第一题基本上与雅思的第二部分内容非常类似，所涉及的题目基本上都是地点，人物，时间或者说物体的描述。那么，首先我们先来看一下对于地点的描述。
在地点描述的题目里面，我们主要分成两个大的板块。第一，是描述一个建筑物;第二，描述一个城市。两者虽然有很多相似的方面，但依然存有较多的区别。
1、开头语：因为新托福口语考试的第一部分的作答时间只有短短的45秒，所以千万不要在开头部分过于累赘，尽量的简洁有力，一句话做一个简洁的概括。
很多时候，有这样的语句可以来套用，比如说well,
off the top of my head, the building I am going to describe to you is
…; 或者是，the park that I want to describe, that means a lot to me, is
….这里，考生需要straight to the point, 将自己要描述的内容直接点出来。
2、Overall description： 对一个building的描述，基本上需要从以下几个方面来说：
(1) 地点： It is located/situated in the northeast of the city…
(2) 颜色：比如说当我们在描述一个现代化的建筑物的时候，我们需要涉及到其总体的颜色，比如说it is blue on the outside and generally bluish green on the inside等等。
(3) 历史：建立的时间： It was built in the year…; 当初为什么要建这个建筑物
(4) 特色：相比于其他的同类建筑，这个建筑物的特色体现在哪些方面。
3. Personal Experience： 上述主要描述了一个建筑物的主体。讲完考生如果还有剩余时间，可以将一些个人与这个建筑物之间的关系扯进来，作为文章的一个收尾。
【托福口语】万能理由模板
(1)建筑和地方
In this wide world, there are thousands of amazing architectures. As for myself, my favorite is undoubtedly the Great Wall. Why? That’s simple. The following reasons will sufficiently illustrate what I say.
First and foremost, the most self- evident reason why I like the Great Wall so much is basically because it symbolizes our Chinese’s great intelligence and hard-work. It’s hard to imagine at that time people can build such huge architecture. Even in modern times, it seems a mission impossible. What’s more, it in some way improves the economic development of China because it attracts thousands of tourists around the world. Meanwhile, it also helps more foreigners to learn about the traditional Chinese culture. Anyway, I love Great Wall.
(2)动物
Who is the best friend to our human beings? With no further doubts, dogs. For me, dogs are always my friend and company.
The reasons why I am so fascinated with dogs can be best summarized as the followings. As for the very first reason, it is apparently because dog is the most loyal and helpful animal in the world. There are many stories about the dog saving his master in all countries. What’s more, dogs are docile and lovely. It is said that dogs are used to watch doors since the ancient time. And no matter old or young, people all love to keep dogs as their ideal pets. Nowadays when our friends are becoming less and less, dog can make your best company. You can imagine what a happy picture it is that a dog shakes its tail and barks to you when you open the door. Anyway, I am so proud to say that I am a dog lover.
(3)学科/比赛/兴趣爱好/休闲方式
Although there are many kinds of subjects, my priority is PE lesson.
The reasons why I am so fascinated with PE lesson can be best summarized as the followings. It is quite convincing to say that the most significant reason consists in the fact that it can keep you as fit as a fiddle. From my own perspective, I think health is the most important aspect to our life. By doing some exercises in PE lesson, we can not only relax from our heavy study pressure, but also we can have a perfect figure. What’s more, when we are talking about PE lessons, it is impossible not to mention the spirit of “persistence” which we can learn from the games in PE lesson. You know, when we are playing football, everyone tries their best. The truth is that as long as we persist, we will finally win the game no matter how tough it is.
(4)歌曲或音乐
Have you ever given any thought to what is your favorite song? I sure did. People’s answer might differ greatly from one or another. Mine, however, is hero. I’d like to recommend this song to everyone.
At the very beginning, I’d like to mention the most curious reason why I am so attracted by this song. You know, it tells us a story about confidence and courage. Whenever I am down, I always listen to this song and it will immediately cheer me up. What’s more, I love this kind of music style. I prefer some songs with slow and emotional rhythms because when I am listening, I can think and appreciate the real meaning of the song. Personally, I can’t bear those rock and roll songs. I think they are too noisy. Therefore I will recommend this song to everyone.
(5)职业和梦想
Have you ever given any thought to your dream? I sure did. People’s answer might differ greatly from one or another. Mine, however, is to become a business man/ woman.
The reasons why I dream of becoming a business man/ woman can be best summarized as the followings. (女版)In the modern world, women are no longer the subordinates of men. We have our own rights and can achieve our goals as men do. (男版)You know, my father, a great man who I admire so much, is a very successful business man and sets an excellent example for me since I was a child. So I strongly believe that I have the ability to become a successful business woman/ man. But before I realize my dream, I must make full preparations. Now I am planning to study overseas. I think it’s the first step to this dream. After my graduation, I will pursue my career in some international companies to gain more experiences. When I think my preparation is done, I will try to set up my own company. I strongly believe that with my ambition, confidence and diligence I will finally realize this dream.
(6)食物或自己国家最有特色的东西
You might hesitate about what to choose before the bewildered dozens of food. As far as I am concerned, my choice, however, is always dumplings for its uniqueness and charm. I love eating dumplings, especially ones cooked by my mum.
As for the very first reason, it is apparently because it is the symbol of Chinese food. It is so amazing that you can learn a lot about the traditional Chinese culture through eating dumplings. What’s more, it is because of its flavor. It’s really delicious. Some dumplings are made of pork and beef, and others are made of sea food. You can almost taste all kinds of delicious food through eating dumplings. When we are talking about dumplings, it is impossible not to mention that it is also the symbol of reunion in China. So whenever I eat dumplings, I think of my family.
篇6：托福独立写作备考攻略
托福独立写作备考攻略丨如何写作文才能保证不会跑题?
一.审清楚题目
首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
二.熟悉各类话题
从历年托福真题回忆和官方真题Official真题上总结的托福独立写作常考的topics基本可分为：解释现象类和对立观点类。
给出两个对立的事物或者一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生支持一方并进行说明。或给出两个对立事物或一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生说明二者为什么不同或比较它们的优缺点，并给出理由。例如：Some people like different friends. Other likes similar friends.Compare the advantages of these two kinds of friends. Which kind of friend doyou prefer? Explain why.
opics从内容上可分为：
学习类：(如自学还是跟老师学，学广还是学精)
工作类：(如在大公司还是小公司)
生活类：(如喜欢在家里吃饭还是在餐厅吃饭)
电视电影类：(如电视电影疏远了家人的情感，你是否同意)
消费类：(如花在娱乐上，还是事业上)
环境类：(如政府投入环保的力度是否应该大于投入经济发展的力度)
古老建筑类：(如是否应该保留老建筑)
成功类：(如成功的衡量标准是金钱和荣耀，你的看法如何)
性格类：(如聪明的朋友比幽默的朋友重要，你是否同意)
三. 整理素材
用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
四. 注意逻辑
把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
五.写作套路要相对稳定
在新托福独立写作中，用这总分总种思维最容易获得高分，所以你要在平时的练习中一定要注意写作的结构。托福作文应该写成三个层次，也就是我们确立了中心思想后应该找到三条理由来支持。托福作文五段论：第一段为中心思想段;二、三、四段为支持段落;最后一段为总结段落。其实这个东西并不是绝对的，由自己的思想内容来决定。
六. 论据论点充分
托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。托福写作由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。
这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。新托福独立写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。
托福独立写作容易跑题其实主要原因是大家平时练习的时候没有按照要求来练，其实托福写作备考过程中，很多同学只注重提升作文质量，忽略文章是否切题。如果大家在写作中常会跑题，可以参照上文中练习方法。
托福写作：题库范文附思路解析
1. What makes a good son or daughter? What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 参见：[15]
『范文』 In traditional Chinese society, a person's most important relationship was that between a parent and a child. The only measure of whether a child was good or bad was whether or not they were obedient to their parents' wishes. Traditionally a Chinese family had many children. Boys were expected to go to school and, after they grew up, to have a son of their own, and to manage the family's affairs. When his parents grew old, a son was expected to live with and care for them. A girl's parents would usually arrange her marriage to someone who she did not love and without consulting her. After she was married, she was no longer a part of her biological family; instead she became an adopted daughter of her husband's family and had to respect her husband's parents as she would her own parents. She was also expected to bear her husband a son. A child who broke these norms, defied or disrespected their parents was seen as worthless or immoral at best, and could legally be killed by their parents in extreme cases. Today of course, China is very different. Chinese children are still expected to respect their parents, but society is not as conservative as it used to be. When a Chinese son gets married, he will often prefer not to live in the same house with his parents, although he might still feel quite obligated to care for them in their old age. The greatest strides have been made by Chinese women, who now hope that their daughters grow up to marry someone that they love, and who is able to take good care of them. The major revolution in the Chinese family since 1980s has been the introduction of the one-child policy. Since Chinese families are now usually only allowed to have one child, the roles of parent and child have almost been reversed! Today's children in China, while still expected to treat their parents with respect, have become the “little emperors and empresses” of their families. Many “little emperors” are so doted on by their immediate and extended families that they become very spoiled, demanding toys, candy, and attention all day long. Because of the changing structure of the Chinese family, the bonds between parent and child, while still of primary importance, are characterized less by rules and respect and more by love.
2. A large company or a small one, which do you want to work for? Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
『分析』选择哪一个都无所谓，列出三个理由。不要忘了提及另外一种选择也有一些好处。也可以说不同的情况下可以做出不同的选择。
『范文』 While some people enjoy the relative comfort, stability, and prestige of working at a large company, I prefer to live life on the edge. Given the choice, I would much prefer to work at small company where I could have more responsibility, more excitement, closer relationships with my coworkers, and a greater sense of accomplishment than I could have at a big company. If I worked at a large company, my role at the company would be highly specialized and narrowly defined. At a smaller company everyone has to take on extra responsibilities to make the business work. For instance, if I worked at a small computer software company as a programmer, I might not only program, but also have to make trips to potential clients for sales. At a large company, the sales department would talk to clients, and I would be stuck in the same boring routine every day with less responsibility. I might less in touch with what the clients wanted if my responsibilities were limited to programming. I crave excitement, so the idea of working for a small company particularly suits me. While working at a large company can offer more job security, workers don't usually get any of the annual profits. But if you work for a small company, profits are more likely to be shared at the end of the year. This means that the harder you work, the more potential there is to make a large amount of money. It is also especially gratifying when you can see how your hard work helped to build or save the company, a feeling of accomplishment that is difficult to attain when working in a large company. Finally, working together in a small company creates a sense of special closeness between colleagues. You have to both trust and depend on each other for everything. This closeness is not only between people within the company but can also extend to your clients and suppliers, all of whom you can get to know on a first name basis. Business deals become less impersonal and more pleasurable when you work with people you trust and like. This trust is both deeper and easier to build when you work for a smaller company.
3. Reasons why people work other than earning a living People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support your answer.
『分析』列出两、三个除了钱之外的工作的理由：兴趣(比如有些歌星) 理想(比如有些医生、律师) 成就感(比如教师) 还有些人上班工作只不过是为了打发时间
『范文』 One of the most overlooked reasons why people work is to help other people. Government officials, social and charity workers, and religious organizations, and others all work not only for their own salaries, but also work for the common good. They labor for others because of their moral convictions, for reasons of personal reciprocity, and because they want to make society more stable, thereby benefiting themselves and others. Some of the most famous charity workers in the world have been affiliated with religious groups. For instance, many of the foreigners living in the poor regions of Africa are doctors, teachers, and other professionals who are paid by religious organizations to help the poor, sick, and needy people there. These professionals could make much more money if they worked in rich countries. They have chosen to help poor people because they believe their religion tells them to help people who cannot help themselves. They are working for others for moral or religious reasons. Some people work for other people because at some time in their lives, someone else has helped them. Many teachers can tell stories about a particular teacher who changed their lives. The gift a great teacher gave to them inspired them to become teachers themselves. Likewise, many people become doctors because a doctor saved one of their family member's life and they felt like they owed a debt of gratitude that money could not repay. To such people, the motivation for working is not the paycheck at the end of the month, but the smile on a child's face when they read their first book, or the look of joy on new parents' faces when they see their healthy newborn baby. Finally, some people work for others because they believe that society is only safe and stable when all of its members are happy. These people include good government officials who try to make policies that benefit the poorer classes of society. They know that only by making policies that help poor people live richer, happier lives can they lower crime, sickness, and poverty rates, and make society safer and happier for all citizens.
4. Is face-to-face communication better than other types of communication? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
『分析』同意或者不同意，都是错误的。不结合具体情况，无法判断哪一个更好。先比较两种沟通方式的优缺点(relative merits) 然后根据不同的情况说明那种方式更好：跟老板、同事沟通，face-to-face communication更好跟愤怒的投诉顾客，telephone更好一些跟情人沟通，当然face-to-face更好。相关题目：[160]
『范文』 While many modern forms of communication like phone calls, email, and letters, are extremely convenient, in my opinion, nothing beats speaking to another person face-to-face. Face-to-face conversation is the ultimate form of human communication because it is interactive, and allows a broader range of possibilities for communication in the intricacies of tone of voice, body language, and can add the intimacy of touch. The first and most obvious advantage that face-to-face communication has over a letter and email is that there is the ability for an interactive conversation. If the sender of a letter or an email does not write clearly, or the recipient does not understand part of the correspondence, then much time must be spent to clear up the misunderstanding. In a face-to-face conversation, misunderstandings are easily dealt with because of the immediate and interactive nature of a face-to-face conversation. The argument might be made that telephones and instant messaging services like MSN and ICQ are equally viable formats for interactive conversation, with the added benefit of being available over long distances. I would still argue that face-to-face conversation is better because you can see the other person. Not all communication is verbal; the meaning of much of what we say depends on our body language and tone of voice. Joking and irony are particularly difficult to express, identify, and enjoy without seeing the expression on someone's face, or watching the movements of their body. Finally, if the goal of communication is to maintain or deepen a relationship with someone, business partners, friends, husbands and wives, or parents and children, face-to-face communication offers the option of communication by touch that is unavailable even if we could communicate by video. Trust and respect between businesses partners can be established with a firm handshake. No amount of body language can convey the excitement of a high-five between friends, and no number of words can communicate the comforting embrace of a loved one. Touch is the first foundation of our human relationships, before spoken language, and it is only available when people communicate face to face.
5. Do what you already do well or try new things? Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
『分析』讨论两种attitudes各自的好处。然后在不同的情况下，选择不同的态度。比如：锻炼身体有很多种方法，如果我已经习惯了慢跑，只要能够达到身体健康的目的，就不必要花时间练习一些其他的体育项目了。放松的时候可以听听音乐——往往是同一首歌或曲子已经听了很多年。但是看电影，却很难做到重复看同一个电影几百遍。
『范文』 A defining characteristic of people is the degree to which they are willing to break out of their comfort zone. Old habits and well honed skills give great comfort to any individual, but new personal challenges build character and allow one to grow as a person. It was not until very recently that I fully comprehended this. Today, while I still enjoy doing the things I am already good at, I have become increasingly eager to try new things because I have learned the value of new experiences. I have always been a talented athlete, and I still find great comfort on the basketball court and in the swimming pool. These are familiar places where I feel at home. They are also places where I continue to excel. However, not so long ago my older cousin, a person whom I have always looked up to and admired, reminded me that there is nothing wrong with discovering new talents or doing many different things very well. He introduced me to music. For the past sixteen months I have been learning how to play the guitar, and this new experience has been extremely rewarding. Initially, I struggled. My inability to play even the simplest of notes frustrated me, and quite often I thought about giving up. Yet with my teacher's encouragement I continued to make progress. Now my appreciation for music is much more profound than ever before, and my appetite for new experiences is whetted. Together with a couple of classmates I have formed a book club. Every week we get together and discuss a piece of literature. Of course, my friends were hesitant to give this new idea a try at first. Nevertheless, I have convinced them to be risk takers, and now all of us enjoy not only each others' company but also books and stories, which is a completely new experience for all of us. Together we are planning to learn how to dance and to purchase bicycles to explore the area around our hometown. We don't want to limit ourselves to what we know already.
